Title: Investigation into iQOS device, HEETS tobacco ... · 11/17/2017 · 2.3 Comparison tobacco products In order to compare the iQOS device and HEETS tobacco sticks with existing

Title: Investigation into iQOS device, HEETS tobacco sticks and evidence of combustion.

CRL Reference:

Client Name:

Report No. 17/11019

Ministry of Health

Client Address: PO Box 5013 Wellington 6140

Attention: Vicki Blake

Distribution: (other than client) Attention:

Date of Issue:

Luke Cunningham Clere

Alex Winsley

17 November 2017

Author: Name & Designation:

Reviewed By: Name & Designation:

Ben Rumsey, BSc (Chem)

Research Officer

Dr. Tana Levi C.Chem, C.Eng,

Technology Manager

Reviewed By: Name & Designation:

Trevor Dine

Laboratory Manager

Confidentiality Clause: This document and any accompanying attachments are confidential to the intended recipient. The document may contain information that is subject to legal privilege. The contents may not be passed on or copied in whole or part, for or by any third party. Any form of reproduction, dissemination, copying, disclosure, modification, distribution and/or publication of this document or attachments is strictly prohibited.

CRL Energy Limited Report No: 17/11019 Page 2 of 18

Contents

1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 3 2. Test Products............................................................................................................................... 4

2.1 iQOS Device inspection ....................................................................................................... 4 2.2 HEETS Tobacco sticks ........................................................................................................ 5 2.3 Comparison tobacco products ............................................................................................. 6

3 Literature survey .......................................................................................................................... 6 4 Methodology and results ............................................................................................................. 7

4.1 Operating conditions of iQOS device .................................................................................. 8 4.2 Inhalable products ............................................................................................................. 10 4.3 Tobacco investigation ........................................................................................................ 11 4.4 Auto Ignition – Hot plate testing ......................................................................................... 13 4.5 Laboratory fuel analysis ..................................................................................................... 13

5 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................... 14 Bibliography....................................................................................................................................... 16 Appendix 1 - Elemental analysis of tobacco ..................................................................................... 17 Appendix 2 - Documents provided by the instructing solicitors, Luke Cunningham Clere ............. 18


1. Introduction

CRL Energy was approached by the Ministry of Health to investigate supplied iQOS devices and HEETS tobacco sticks. The iQOS devices are marketed by Phillip Morris International (PMI) as using a “heat-not-burn” method for delivery of nicotine containing aerosols.

CRL was asked to provide an opinion pertaining to the following:

(a) A brief literature search for established analysis and testing methods;

(b) Analysis of the IQOS device for internal thermal conditions;

(c) Analysis of the HEETS tobacco sticks for physical, thermal, and combustion properties. This included testing for the concentration of tobacco and other chemical contaminants;

(d) Analysis of the vapour, aerosol, and smoke emissions of the HEETS sticks for evidence of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide combustion products (both in air and inert atmospheres); and

(e) Whether the representations made by Philip Morris set out under “Literature Survey” align with the analysis.

A brief literature search was conducted to find relevant information on the iQOS device, evidence for and against combustion within the device and appropriate analysis methods for the investigation. In addition, a determination of the key aspects of combustion was identified.

A series of analyses were conducted to measure key properties of the iQOS device in order to determine if combustion occurred during operation.

Comparisons were made between the iQOS device and ‘traditional’ cigarettes in terms of operating conditions, tobacco product analysis and the inhalable emissions generated from each.

CRL Energy Ltd is an energy, minerals, and environmental research and consulting company. The Solid Fuel Laboratory is IANZ accredited for a number of typical fuel sampling and analysis methods and routinely analyses a variety of samples such as coal, coke, charcoal and biomass for a wide range of properties. The Solid Fuels laboratory participates in a range of international round robin programs, has extensive quality control systems and is accredited to ISO9001. Research and consulting is conducted for private organisations as well as government funded studies such as the Endeavour Fund and Tech NZ research programs.

I have a Bachelor of Science from Victoria University (Chemistry and Technology) and have worked in the CRL Energy Ltd. Solid Fuel Laboratory for over ten years. In my position as Research Officer I have undertaken many projects and investigations into a wide range of sample types and thermal processing. My role also requires me to create, evaluate and maintain testing rigs and methods for bespoke research trials involving thermal treatments such as pyrolysis and carbonisation. I am routinely conducting analysis such as propensity for spontaneous combustion and ignition point analysis. I am responsible for the running and maintenance of the gas chromatogram which is frequently used for industrial gas analyses and mine gas evolution studies. I am an IANZ Key Technical Person for the Solid Fuel Laboratory.

This report has also been informed by documents provided by the instructing solicitors, Luke Cunningham Clere, listed at Appendix 2.

I have read the Code of Conduct for Expert Witnesses (Schedule 4 of the High Court Rules) and agree to be bound by the Code and comply with its provisions and requirements.


2. Test Products

2.1 iQOS Device inspection

Two iQOS products were used in this investigation. Details are given in Table 1.

Table 1 – iQOS details

IDModel number

Serial number ColourAs-received Condition

iQOS holder A N/A TR4SJQGB1B5PSG White New

iQOS holder B N/A TD2HPL5AF3YBU6 Black New

iQOS charger A A1502 TRMGH5FD2UXBP6 White New

iQOS charger B A1502 TLWN578WSYRUQB Black New

The iQOS holder utilises an internal battery and flat resistive heating blade to internally heat the inserted tobacco containing part of a HEETS stick. The heating blade is temperature controlled by internal electronics and after heating rapidly, the iQOS holder maintains an internal heating blade temperature not exceeding 350°C (PMI, 2017). The maximum temperature of the heated tobacco is variable, depending on distance from the heating blade but does not exceed 350°C. The heating is electronically limited to approximately six minutes and then the device cools down.

The larger iQOS charger is used to charge the internal battery of the iQOS holder. During operation the iQOS holder is charged in the charging device before each use. The charger contains a significantly larger battery and is itself charged through a micro USB charging system and 240V AC wall adapter, Figure 1.

The iQOS devices were charged and operated as per the supplied instructions. Before testing, the iQOS holders were operated three times to condition the device. Both devices functioned as expected during the investigation.

Figure 1. iQOS product A items


2.2 HEETS Tobacco sticks

A box of 100 HEETS amber label tobacco sticks were provided for the investigation. The barcode number on the box was 9310704912037. Inside the sticks were packed into five sealed boxes of 20 sticks per pack, Figure 2. The serial number on each 20 pack was 9310704911610. Each HEETS stick contained ~0.24g of tobacco product. The majority of the stick is filled with filters or spacers, Figure 3. The tobacco component is surrounded by a metallic foil heat reflector. This foil aids in maintaining a uniform temperature and reducing heat loss within each stick as the heater blade is in operation.

An elemental analysis of the HEETS tobacco product is included in appendix 1.

Figure 2 – iQOS device, packaging and HEETS tobacco sticks

Figure 3 – HEETS tobacco stick


2.3 Comparison tobacco products

In order to compare the iQOS device and HEETS tobacco sticks with existing tobacco products a selection of common tobacco was obtained (Figure 4). This selection is intended to be indicative of smoking tobacco products commonly in use, and give an indication as to the variation that might be expected between various tobacco properties (Table 2).

Figure 4 – Traditional tobacco products for comparison

Table 2 - Traditional tobacco product details

Product Variant Quantity

Capstan rolling tobacco Rum and Wine 30g

Pall Mall Classic – Red 25 pack

John Player Special Red 25 pack

Marlboro Red 20 pack

3 Literature survey

I conducted a brief literature survey to guide the investigation to appropriate analytical techniques and to standard methodologies, as well as to establish existing information available on the iQOS device.

I understand that a key part of the investigation is the definition of combustion. There are numerous definitions quoted by various sources (Merriam-Webster, n.d.) (Cambridge, n.d.) (Wikipedia, n.d.), however a common theme in these various definitions is exothermic reaction (a reaction creating heat). Supporting evidence for combustion can be the composition of exhaust gases, production of light and ash formation.

The Phillip Morris website (PMI, 2017) contains the following description of the iQOS device “At the heart of iQOS are sophisticated electronics that heat specially designed heated tobacco units. iQOS


heats the tobacco just enough to release a flavorful nicotine-containing vapor but without burning the tobacco. Here’s the key point: the tobacco in a cigarette burns at temperatures in excess of 600°C, generating smoke that contains harmful chemicals. But IQOS heats tobacco to much lower temperatures, up to 350°C, without combustion, fire, ash, or smoke.”

The information provided on the PMI Science web page (PMI Science, 2017) details in-house evidence for “heat-not-burn” conditions, detailing numerous analytical results showing a lack of exothermic reaction during operation, a lack of combustion species in the mainstream (inhalable) gases and aerosols and several other properties of the iQOS system suggesting that no combustion is occurring during use.

Literature regarding the tobacco product utilised in the HEETS product (PMI - Making heated tobacco products, 2017) indicates that a high level of processing is used to finely grind a tobacco blend and press this into sheets, with numerous additives including sugars and propylene glycol. PMI literature (PMI Science, 2017) suggests that tobacco will not ignite before 400°C. With the high level of processing and different additives the HEETS tobacco may show significant thermal behaviour differences when compared with traditional cut tobacco.

From this literature survey I decided to focus analysis on the following properties:

• The iQOS holder internal operating temperatures;• Signs of exothermic reaction with air (oxygen);• Inhalable (mainstream) gas analysis under both air and nitrogen atmospheres;• HEETS Tobacco product fuel properties; and• HEETS Tobacco product thermal properties – ignition propensity and thermal mass loss profiles.

A search on standard methods for sampling of inhalable products of cigarettes was conducted. Method DIN ISO 3308:2012 – Routine analytical cigarette-smoking machine – Definitions and standard conditions is commonly cited in cigarette smoking machine related research (ChrisWright, March 2015) and was used as the basis for the ‘in-house’ sampling and analysis of the iQOS devices and traditional cigarette products.

4 Methodology and Results

Non-standard ‘in-house’ analysis formed the majority of the methods used in the investigation. This is primarily due to the available standards not being applicable for determination of combustion but focused on other aspects of analysis. Where practical, when applicable standards were not available, comparable standard methods were followed or used as a guide. All analysis was conducted in-house at CRL Energy Ltd.

To determine the iQOS holder internal operating temperatures a thin (1mm diameter) thermocouple was inserted into the tobacco stick and the iQOS device operated as normal. Variations in thermocouple placement and puff profiles were used to investigate different aspects of operation. Evidence of exothermic (heat creating) reaction can be determined by these in-situ thermocouples – particularly when puffs are taken and oxygen enters the heated tobacco causing a change in temperature.

A smoking machine able to simulate ‘puffs’ was developed – loosely based on the DIN ISO 3308 method. This was used to draw air through the iQOS holder and traditional cigarette products, so the resulting inhalable products could be captured. Each ‘puff’ was measured at 35ml and was drawn over 2 seconds as per the standard (ISO, DIN, 2012). Due to gaseous sample quantity requirements puffs were taken at 30 second intervals, rather than the 60 second intervals as stated in the DIN ISO 3308 standard.

The inhalable gaseous products from the smoking machine test rig were collected in Restek foil bags. The gaseous products were analysed on an Agilent A3000 TCD micro gas chromatograph. BOC Alpha and Beta calibration gases were used to calibrate the gas chromatograph.

Common fuel property analysis and elemental analysis of the tobacco portion of the HEETS sticks was completed and compared with the selection of traditional tobacco products obtained. In addition to the


fuel properties thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) was conducted in a LECO TGA701 instrument to compare mass loss vs temperature profiles of the HEETS tobacco and traditional tobacco products.

The auto-ignition properties of the HEET sticks and selected cigarettes were investigated on a hot plate test rig developed to measure layer ignition temperatures.

4.1 Operating conditions of iQOS device

The operating temperatures of the iQOS were measured by inserting a 1mm diameter thermocouple into the tobacco and in contact with the heating blade, and subsequently at a 1mm distance from the heating blade (Figure 5). During operation 35ml ‘puffs’ each of 2 seconds length were taken to simulate operation. Puffs were repeated every 30 seconds.

For comparison a traditional cigarette was subjected to a similar test (Figure 6). In this case the ‘hot zone’ moves towards, over and then away from the in-situ thermocouple as the cigarette burns, resulting in a temperature spike and subsequent cooling.

Figure 5 – iQOS holder testing

Figure 6 – Traditional cigarette testing


In Figure 7 it can be seen that the iQOS holder heating blade is limited to temperatures below 350°C, and that the ‘puffs’ of air have a cooling effect. In contrast the cigarette temperature briefly exceeds 670°C and the puffs have an exothermic (i.e. heating) effect due to introduced oxygen aiding combustion.

Figure 8 plots the temperature of the tobacco ~1mm from the heating blade for the two iQOS holder devices tested (holder A and holder B). Nearly identical operating conditions are seen in both devices. No puffs were taken in this particular analysis. The maximum temperature of the tobacco at ~1mm from the heater blade was below 300°C.

Figure 7 – iQOS and cigarette operating temperatures, with puffs

Figure 8 – iQOS operating temperatures, no puffs, holder A and B


4.2 Inhalable products

The inhalable products of the iQOS device were collected into a foil gas sample bag. The iQOS device was operated as per the instructions and 35ml puffs lasting 2 seconds were taken at 30 second intervals. Ten samples were taken over the 6 minutes of iQOS operation after the holder device was indicating (by LED) that it was up to temperature. In a similar manner, the inhalable products from a cigarette were also sampled, Figure 9 and Figure 10 respectively.

Figure 9 – iQOS mainstream gaseous sample collection

Figure 10 – cigarette mainstream gaseous sample collection

The collected gas samples were analysed in a gas chromatograph with a TCD to determine major gaseous components. For comparison purposes the iQOS device was sampled in air and in a pure nitrogen atmosphere to assess the impact of an oxygen free environment on the inhalable gas profile, Table 3.


It can be seen in Table 3 that the inhalable gas profiles are nearly identical for the iQOS device when operated under both air and nitrogen atmospheres. This strongly indicates that there is no significant interaction with oxygen occurring during operation and therefore no significant oxidation is occurring to the HEETS tobacco product during operation. The observed gases are typical of complex endothermic (heat absorbing) thermal decomposition processes such as pyrolysis and torrefaction. Other endothermic processes such as distillation are also expected to be occurring, but not measured in this investigation.

In contrast, the levels of gases in the cigarette gas sample are typical of complete and incomplete combustion as well as thermal decomposition processes such as pyrolysis. Although endothermic thermal decomposition processes (such as torrefaction) are occurring in both the iQOS device and traditional cigarette products the source of energy to enable this decomposition differs, with the iQOS device utilizing an electrically heated blade, and the traditional cigarette tobacco being heated by nearby combusting tobacco, before itself being combusted as the combustion zone moves along the cigarette.

The reduced oxygen content seen in the inhalable cigarette gas profile in Table 3 also confirms significant oxidation (combustion) is occurring.

Table 3 – Mainstream gaseous sample analysis

4.3 Tobacco investigation

According to Phillip Morris International “Our heated tobacco products are made by blending high-quality tobaccos from selected types and origins. These tobaccos are then ground to provide the perfect mixture and reconstituted back into a tobacco sheet to manufacture HEETS” (PMI - Making heated tobacco products, 2017). This processing and addition of propylene glycol (Auer, Concha-Lozano, Jacot-Sadowski, Cornuz, & Berthet, 2017) would be expected to vary the thermal properties of the tobacco somewhat, impacting on parameters like surface area, density and thermo-gravimetric behaviour when compared with traditional cut tobacco.

The tobacco component of the HEETS tobacco stick was separated and analysed on a thermo gravimetric analyser (TGA). For comparison a selection of other tobacco products were also analysed. The results are shown in Figure 11.

The TGA analysis suggests that the HEETS tobacco behaves somewhat differently to the other tobacco products tested, losing more mass at lower temperatures. The volatile matter component of the HEETS tobacco is higher than the other tobacco products tested, and mass loss is greater through the operating temperatures of 200 - 350°C.

TGA analysis of the HEETS papers and cigarette papers was also completed. At temperatures below 440°C the mass loss profiles for the paper component of the products are very similar, Figure 12.

Gas componet unit

iQOS device with

Heet stick operating

in air

iQOS device with

Heet stick operating

in nitrogen

Traditional Pall Mall

cigarette operating

in air

Methane (% mole/mole) <0.0020 <0.0020 0.3752

Carbon dioxide (% mole/mole) 0.71 0.69 5.46

Ethylene (% mole/mole) <0.002 <0.002 0.042

Ethane (% mole/mole) <0.002 <0.002 0.069

Hydrogen (% mole/mole) <0.002 <0.002 0.862

Oxygen (% mole/mole) 20.42 <0.50 15.43

Nitrogen (% mole/mole) 77.29 >99 73.36

Carbon monoxide (% mole/mole) 0.097 0.096 2.701


Figure 11 – Thermo gravimetric analysis of tobacco components

Figure 12 – Thermo gravimetric analysis of papers

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Mas

s lo

ss (

%)

Temperature (°C)

Thermo gravimetric analysis - papers

HEET papers

Pall Mall papers

JPS Papers

Marlboro papers


4.4 Auto Ignition – Hot plate testing

The tobacco containing section of the HEETS stick was pressed against a hot plate in air atmosphere and the hot plate temperature slowly increased to determine ignition propensity. A thermocouple inserted in the centre of the section measured internal temperatures of the HEETS stick. For comparison two selected cigarettes were also tested in the same manner. Exothermic activity is seen when the sample temperature exceeds the hot plate temperature (in black) as can be seen in Figure 13 below.

The hot plate testing indicates that the HEETS stick tobacco is less likely to lead to a self-heating (exothermic) reaction than the other tobacco products tested, when exposed to a hot surface.

Figure 13 – Hot plate auto ignition testing

4.5 Laboratory fuel analysis

Tobacco extracted from the HEETS tobacco sticks was analysed for a selection typical biomass fuel properties. For comparison the traditional tobacco products were also analysed, Table 4.

The HEETS tobacco is comparable to the comparison tobacco products in most aspects. The volatile matter is slightly higher, and the ash content is slightly lower.

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

250 300 350 400 450 500

Ho

t p

late

te

mp

era

ture

(°C

)

Internal sample temperature (°C)

Hot plate testing - tobacco in papers section

John Player Special

Pall Mall

Heet Stick

Hot plate

Linear (Hot plate)


Table 14 – Tobacco fuel property analysis (tobacco part only)

5 Conclusions

CRL Energy was engaged to investigate the supplied iQOS devices.

I have viewed the following definitions of “combustion”:

• Merriam-Webster Dictionary (Merriam-Webster, n.d.): a usually rapid chemical process (such as oxidation) that produces heat and usually light.

• Wikipedia (Wikipedia, n.d.): a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel (the reductant) and an oxidant, usually atmospheric oxygen, that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke.

• Cambridge Dictionary (Cambridge, n.d.): the chemical process in which substances mix with oxygen in the air to produce heat and light.

In common in these definitions is the fact that combustion is an exothermic (heat creating) reaction. No evidence of exothermic reaction was evident in the iQOS device under normal operating conditions. The only source of energy into the iQOS holder device is the electrically powered resistive heating blade, which is electronically limited to below 350°C (PMI Science, 2017) with the bulk of the tobacco component being heated to less than 300°C. In my view, this temperature is not sufficient to cause combustion to occur in the tobacco stick, but is sufficient to liberate inhalable volatile compounds from the HEETS tobacco stick.

Analysis of the HEETS tobacco product indicates it is slightly different to the comparison tobacco products tested. The HEETS tobacco is prepared by grinding and pressing into sheets rather than being simple cut tobacco as found in the traditional cigarettes tested. The HEETS tobacco had a higher proportion of volatile matter and slightly lower ash content. Hot surface analysis suggests that the HEETS tobacco product is less likely to combust when exposed to elevated temperatures than the other tobacco products tested. At the iQOS operating temperature of 350°C no combustion or significant oxidation was seen to occur in the HEETS tobacco.

Sample ID:

HEETS stick

tobacco

Capstan

rolling

tobacco

Pall Mall

Classic

John Player

Special Marlboro

As purchased basis

Moisture (ISO 11722) 14.5 20.2 14.2 14.5 13.3

Ash (ASTM D1102) 8.3 9.8 10.3 10.2 14.5

Volatile matter (ISO 562) 66.5 58.2 62.4 62.4 62.7

Fixed carbon (by difference) 10.7 11.8 13.1 12.9 9.5

Oven Dry basis

Ash (ASTM D1102) 9.7 12.3 12.0 11.9 16.7

Volatile matter (ISO 562) 77.8 72.9 72.7 73.0 72.3

Fixed carbon (by difference) 12.5 14.8 15.3 15.1 11.0

Total carbon (ASTM D5373 mod.) 45 46 44 44 44

Total hydrogen (ASTM D5373 mod.) 6.1 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.5

Total nitrogen (ASTM D5373 mod.) 2.0 2.8 2.3 2.7 3.0


Gas profiles of the iQOS device operating under air and nitrogen atmospheres are very similar indicating no significant interaction with oxygen in air is occurring during operation. Traditional cigarette gas products are vastly different and show definite combustion signatures that are not evident in the iQOS gaseous products.

Based on the literature surveyed and the analytical results of the investigation it is my opinion that no combustion is taking place during normal operation of the iQOS system.

I have viewed the following definitions of “ignition”:

• Oxford Dictionaries: (Oxford Dictionaries, 2017) The action of setting something on fire or starting to burn.

• Collins Dictionary: (Colins Dictionary, 2017) the act or process of initiating combustion.

Definitions of ignition vary, but can be generally described as the process or act of starting an exothermic (heat creating) reaction, typically combustion.

As no combustion or other exothermic processes were observed in the operation of the iQOS device it is my opinion that the iQOS device in no way exhibits ignition and therefore is not an “ignited tobacco product” as described in the Act (Smoke-free Environments Act 1990, 2017).

A further definition of ignite is “heat to the point of chemical change”. I have been asked whether the HEETS tobacco is heated to the point of chemical change.

In my view the answer is yes, operating the iQOS heating blade has caused an irreversible thermochemical decomposition process in the HEETS tobacco.

I have also been asked whether heating a product to the point of chemical change means that the product has been ignited.

In my view, the answer is no, it does not necessarily follow that the product has been ignited. The reasoning behind this comes from the following examples of “heating to the point of chemical change”

The chemical change in the HEETS tobacco product is brought about by an endothermic decomposition by an external heat source (the heating blade). Other everyday chemical changes which can be said to be brought about by external heat sources are:

o The functioning of an electric toaster toasting bread. o The denaturing of proteins when an egg is placed into boiling water to hard boil. o The decomposition of baking soda releasing carbon dioxide causing a cake to rise.

None of the above examples could be said to have ignited. These examples prove that for a product to be considered ‘ignited’ involves more than simply heating that product to the point of chemical change. The use of this definition of ignition fails to hold in many situations and therefore cannot be applied in isolation to assess this product. From the above it is my belief that the HEETS tobacco product does not ignite.


Bibliography Auer, R., Concha-Lozano, N., Jacot-Sadowski, I., Cornuz, J., & Berthet, A. (. (2017). RESEARCH LETTER

Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco Cigarettes: Smoke by Any Other Name. JAMA Internal Medicine.Cambridge. (n.d.). Combustion. Retrieved from Cambridge Dictionary:

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/combustion ChrisWright. (March 2015). Standardized methods for the regulation of cigarette-smoke constituents. TrAC

Trends in Analytical Chemistry Vol. 66, Pages 118-127. Colins Dictionary. (2017). Colins Dictionary - ignition. Retrieved from

https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/ignition ISO, DIN. (2012). 1) DIN ISO 3308:2012 – Routine analytical cigarette-smoking machine – Definitions and

standard conditions. Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Combustion. Retrieved from merriam-webster.com/dictionary: https://www.merriam-

webster.com/dictionary/combustion Oxford Dictionaries. (2017). Ignition. Retrieved from https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/ignition PMI - Making heated tobacco products. (2017). making heated tobacco products. Retrieved from Products: 3)

https://www.pmi.com/our-business/about-us/products/making-heated-tobacco-products PMI. (2017). iQOS - our tobacco heating system. Retrieved from PMI.com: https://www.pmi.com/smoke-free-

products/iqos-our-tobacco-heating-system PMI Science. (2017). What is heat-not-burn? Absence Of Combustion. Retrieved from PMI Science USA :

https://pmiscienceusa.com/what-is-heat-not-burn/absence-of-combustion/ Smoke-free Environments Act 1990. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.legislation.govt.nz:

http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1990/0108/latest/DLM223191.html Wikipedia. (n.d.). Combustion. Retrieved from Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion


Appendix 1 - Elemental analysis of tobacco

SAMPLE :HEETS

tobacco

Capstan

pouch tobacco

Pall Mall

tobacco

John Player

Special

tobacco

Marlboro

tobacco

ELEMENT

Carbon C 45 46 44 44 44

Hydrogen H 6.1 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.5

Nitrogen N 2.0 2.8 2.3 2.7 3.0

Sodium Na 0.049 0.090 0.050 0.034 0.020

Magnesium Mg 0.467 0.691 0.573 0.558 0.723

Aluminium Al 0.066 0.106 0.033 0.041 0.065

Silicon Si 0.272 0.362 0.126 0.137 0.265

Phosphorus P 0.200 0.277 0.247 0.267 0.282

Sulphur S 0.346 0.483 0.444 0.430 0.513

Chlorine Cl 0.529 1.22 0.928 0.989 0.998

Potassium K 2.50 2.73 3.36 3.79 3.48

Calcium Ca 2.14 3.01 2.36 2.09 2.97

Titanium Ti 0.010 0.010 0.005 0.007 0.009

Vanadium V <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Chromium Cr <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Manganese Mn 0.012 0.017 0.017 0.021 0.015

Iron Fe 0.053 0.077 0.027 0.026 0.059

Copper Cu 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.004

Zinc Zn 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.005

Bromine Br 0.003 0.010 0.007 0.011 0.003

Rubidium Rb 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.002

Strontium Sr 0.006 0.012 0.012 0.010 0.012

Barium Ba <0.001 0.011 <0.001 0.012 <0.001

Loss on Drying @ 110°C 19.7 24.4 17.4 18.1 16.0

Results expressed as weight %, on 'oven-dried' (110°C ) basis.

Carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen: ASTM D5373

All other exements: Pressed powder / X-ray fluorescence spectrometry


Appendix 2 - Documents provided by the instructing solicitors, Luke Cunningham Clere

No Document

1. Summary of Facts

2. Charging documents

3. Jobsheets of Vicki Blake relating to the purchase of HEETS

4. Email to Vicki Blake from IQOS

5. IQOS user guide

6. Delivery information of IQOS

7. “Catalog” and “Shopping cart” on IQOS website

8. Email from Philip Morris to Vicki Blake confirming purchase 2 March 2017

9. Email from Philip Morris to Vicki Blake confirming courier pick up 2 March 2017

10. Email from IQOS to Vicki Blake 7 March 2017

11. Photographs of courier package and contents taken by Vicki Blake

12. Letter from Philip Morris to Vicki Blake dated 10 January 2017

13. Letter from Vicki Blake to Philip Morris dated 20 December 2016

14. Letter from Vicki Blake to Philip Morris dated 30 January 2017

15. Letter from Philip Morris to Vicki Blake dated 2 February 2017

16. Letter from Philip Morris to Phil Knipe dated 20 February 2017

17. Emails between Vivien Daley, Stephen Vega and Janet Hoek dated 10-12 January 2017

18. Emails between Vicki Blake and Viven Daley dated 24 January 2017 – 1 February 2017

19. IP tracker dated 20 February 2017

20. Section 33 report of Philip Morris

21. Letter from Philip Morris to Customs NZ and email from Customs to Ministry of Health

22. Correspondence and attachments from British American Tobacco to Ministry of Health

23. Letter from Philip Morris to Minister of Health dated 28 November 2016

24. Ministry of Health information on “Heat not burn” tobacco products, last updated 22 December 2016

25. Appointment of Vicki Blake as an enforcement officer dated 11 August 2012

26. Email from IQOS iOpinion Forum to Vicki Blake dated 9 March 2017

27. Appointment of Vicki Blake as an enforcement officer dated 29 September 2014