Tissues: The Tissues: The Living FabricLiving FabricTissues: The Tissues: The Living FabricLiving Fabric

Anatomy & Physiology

Tissuescoveringsupportmovementcontrol

Tissues: groups of closely

associated cells that are

similar in structure and

perform a common or

related function

Histologystudy of

tissues

Epithelial FunctionsEpithelial Functions

ProtectionAbsorptionFiltrationExcretion

Specialized CharacteristicsSpecialized Characteristics

CellularityContactsPolarityAvascularityBasement membrane

Classification CriteriaClassification CriteriaCell Shape - squamous - cuboidal - columnarCell Arrangement - simple - stratified

Simple EpitheliaSimple Epithelia

Simple squamous: thin, permeable

Simple cuboidal:

secretion, absorption

Simple Columnar:

secretion, absorption;

microvilli, goblet cells

Pseudostratified

Columnar:

secretion, absorption; respiratory tract

Stratified EpitheliaStratified Epithelia

Stratified Squamous

- thick

- protective

Stratified Cuboidal

- rare

- large ducts of some

glands

Stratified Columnar

- rare

- large ducts, some

glands

Transitional

- lining of urinary organs

- stretchable

Connective TissueConnective Tissue

Most abundant & widely distributed tissue

Binding & support, protection, insulationWidely separated cells with abundant

intercellular matrixMatrix fibers: collagen, elastic, reticular

Soft Connective TissueSoft Connective Tissue

Areolar: wraps and cushions organs, nerves

Adipose: fat, food/energy reserve, insulation, padding; under skin, around eyes, kidneys

Reticular: soft internal skeleton of lymph nodes, spleen, bone

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

Withstands tension in one directionTendons, ligaments, fasciae,

aponeuroses

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

Withstands tension in multiple directions

Dermis of skin, digestive tract, fibrous capsule of organs and joints

Hard Connective TissueHard Connective Tissue

Cartilage: tough, elastic material found between vertebrae, at ends of long bones, nose, ears, larynx

No nerves Poor blood supply Heals poorly

Hyaline CartilageHyaline Cartilage

Embryonic skeleton End of long bones Ribs Nose Trachea Larynx Support, reinforce,

cushions

Elastic CartilageElastic Cartilage

Ear Epiglottis Maintains shape Allows flexibility

FibrocartilageFibrocartilage

Intervertebral discs Pubic symphysis Discs of knee joints Strength and

absorption of compressive shock

Osseus/BoneOsseus/Bone

Calcium saltsNervesBlood vesselsBody structure/support Calcium storageHematopoiesis

Nervous TissueNervous Tissue

Made up of special cells called neurons and neuroglia (support cells)

Transmits messages throughout the body

Reacts to stimuli Brain, spinal cord, nerves

Muscle TissueMuscle Tissue

Highly cellularWell vascularized Power and movement through

contractions 3 types

Skeletal MuscleSkeletal Muscle

Attaches to bone Striated Voluntary

Cardiac MuscleCardiac Muscle

Causes heart to beat

Striated Involuntary

Visceral/SmoothVisceral/Smooth

In walls of hollow, internal organs

Digestive tract, urinary tract, uterus, blood vessels

No striations Involuntary

Epithelial MembranesEpithelial Membranes

Combinations of epithelial tissue and connective tissues

5 types

Mucous MembraneMucous Membrane

Lines body cavities “Wet” membrane Absorption and

secretion

Serous MembraneSerous Membrane

Lines closed body cavities

Secretes serous fluid

Protects against friction

Pleura, peritoneum, pericardium

Synovial MembraneSynovial Membrane

Fibrous tissue that lines the cavities of freely movable joints

Dense Fibrous MembraneDense Fibrous Membrane

Tough, opaque Protection Dura mater,

periosteum, sclera

Cutaneous MembraneCutaneous Membrane

“Dry” membrane Skin