Tippu TipTippu Tip

OverviewOverview

Arab-African RelationsThe Zanzibar Slave TradeColonialismBut first…

Arab-African RelationsThe Zanzibar Slave TradeColonialismBut first…

Tippu Tip (1837 - 1905)Tippu Tip (1837 - 1905)

Full name Hamed bin Mohammed el MurjebBoth of his parents were Arab however Hamed was born with dark African featuresFather was a well established and respected Arab ivory and slave trader

Full name Hamed bin Mohammed el MurjebBoth of his parents were Arab however Hamed was born with dark African featuresFather was a well established and respected Arab ivory and slave trader

Tippu Tip (1837 - 1905)Tippu Tip (1837 - 1905)

Ambitious from an early age and eager to prove himself to his father and his father’s peersOn his first trading trip at age 18 he established a reputation by not revealing his own fatigueReceives the name Tippu Tip because of the onomatopoeic sound of his rifle

Ambitious from an early age and eager to prove himself to his father and his father’s peersOn his first trading trip at age 18 he established a reputation by not revealing his own fatigueReceives the name Tippu Tip because of the onomatopoeic sound of his rifle

Tippu Tip (1837 - 1905)Tippu Tip (1837 - 1905)

Primarily known as a slave trader“Today Tippu Tipp cannot be regarded as a hero since his exploits and gains were at the expense of other human beings” (Farrant 1975)

Primarily known as a slave trader“Today Tippu Tipp cannot be regarded as a hero since his exploits and gains were at the expense of other human beings” (Farrant 1975)

Tippu Tip (1837-1905)Tippu Tip (1837-1905)

“He must however, be regarded as a brave and daring adventurer, a good administrator, and a great leader of men”(Farrant 1975)

“He must however, be regarded as a brave and daring adventurer, a good administrator, and a great leader of men”(Farrant 1975)

Tippu Tip (1837 - 1905)Tippu Tip (1837 - 1905)

Ivory Ivory Ivory!!!!Expanded knowledge of Central AfricaProvided safe passage to Europeans through dangerous territoriesHow does it end???

Ivory Ivory Ivory!!!!Expanded knowledge of Central AfricaProvided safe passage to Europeans through dangerous territoriesHow does it end???

African-Arab Relations: A New Social Order

African-Arab Relations: A New Social Order

Creation of a new hierarchy of relations -Arab, African converts, Africans

Ability to gain status - conversion, concubinage, elite slavery

Creation of a new hierarchy of relations -Arab, African converts, Africans

Ability to gain status - conversion, concubinage, elite slavery

African-Arab Relations: A New Social Order

African-Arab Relations: A New Social Order

Loyal followers advance Tippu’s expansion

Islam used as a method of gaining supportAppropriation of culture

Loyal followers advance Tippu’s expansion

Islam used as a method of gaining supportAppropriation of culture

African-Arab Relations: A New Social Order

African-Arab Relations: A New Social Order

Tippu’s mother concerned that father would reject an African looking son

Mentality of African inferiorityComplex social order

Tippu’s mother concerned that father would reject an African looking son

Mentality of African inferiorityComplex social order

Zanzibar Slave TradeZanzibar Slave Trade

Tippu TipTippu Tip

Started at 18 years Old from his fathers businessSlave and Ivory traderBy 1880s his trade empire stretched from the upper Congo to Lake Tanganyika all the way to Baganoy (on the coast) then from there they were shipped to the Island of Zanzibar

Started at 18 years Old from his fathers businessSlave and Ivory traderBy 1880s his trade empire stretched from the upper Congo to Lake Tanganyika all the way to Baganoy (on the coast) then from there they were shipped to the Island of Zanzibar

Where did the slaves come from?

Where did the slaves come from?

Where did the slaves go?Where did the slaves go?

End of Slavery in the EmpireEnd of Slavery in the Empire

British Anti-Slavery laws

Two anti-slavery societies in BritainMovements begins in the 1780s End of slavery in the Empire 1830sEvolve into international stage of anti-slavery

British Anti-Slavery laws

Two anti-slavery societies in BritainMovements begins in the 1780s End of slavery in the Empire 1830sEvolve into international stage of anti-slavery

Berlin Conference (1884)Berlin Conference (1884)

Creation of German East Africa

Zanzibar and what is now Tanzania.

Conflict with British interest

Congo under Belgian rule (King Leopold)

Creation of German East Africa

Zanzibar and what is now Tanzania.

Conflict with British interest

Congo under Belgian rule (King Leopold)

King LeopoldKing Leopold

King Leopold Purchase of Slaves to Free themMeasure to go with British/European sentiment against slaveryAppointes Tippu Tip as Governor of Stanley falls

With pay of 40 pounds per month

King Leopold Purchase of Slaves to Free themMeasure to go with British/European sentiment against slaveryAppointes Tippu Tip as Governor of Stanley falls

With pay of 40 pounds per month

Sultan Barghash bin SaidSultan Barghash bin Said

“He was loyal to the sultan of Zanzibar” (Atmore 1994)

“Ostensibly, Tippu Tip owed allegiance to the Sultan of Zanzibar, but in reality he acted as an independent ruler with control over much of the eastern Congo.” (Meredith 2004)

“He was loyal to the sultan of Zanzibar” (Atmore 1994)

“Ostensibly, Tippu Tip owed allegiance to the Sultan of Zanzibar, but in reality he acted as an independent ruler with control over much of the eastern Congo.” (Meredith 2004)

Stanley taking Lake TanganyikaStanley taking Lake Tanganyika

“Tippu Tip resisted the European presence at first, but after negotiations with Henry Morton Stanley, Leopold’s agent in the Congo, he forfeited his empire in return for the governorship of what is now the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo.” (Gates, Louis, & Appiah, 1999)

“He proved indispensable to H.M. Stanley” (BBC)

“Tippu Tip resisted the European presence at first, but after negotiations with Henry Morton Stanley, Leopold’s agent in the Congo, he forfeited his empire in return for the governorship of what is now the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo.” (Gates, Louis, & Appiah, 1999)

“He proved indispensable to H.M. Stanley” (BBC)

King LeopoldKing Leopold

“In 1887, the king asked him to serve as governor of the colony’s eastern province, with its capital Stanley Falls and Tippu Tip accepted; several relatives occupied posts under him.”(Hochschild, 1998)

“In 1887, the king asked him to serve as governor of the colony’s eastern province, with its capital Stanley Falls and Tippu Tip accepted; several relatives occupied posts under him.”(Hochschild, 1998)

Closing CommentsClosing Comments

Tippu Tip was a business personBut he WAS a slave trader

Tippu Tip was a business personBut he WAS a slave trader

Discussion QuestionsDiscussion Questions

- How does Tippu Tip’s career contrast with the idea of the White Man’s Burden?

- As a business person, how does TippuTip’s career parallel or deviate from contemporary examples?

- How does Tippu Tip’s career contrast with the idea of the White Man’s Burden?

- As a business person, how does TippuTip’s career parallel or deviate from contemporary examples?

BibliographyBibliography

Atmore, Anthony. Africa Since 1800. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1994. 24 Nov. 2007 http://books.google.com/books?id=G-RDZYPaMtkC&dq=tippu+tip+loyal.

Gates, Henry Louis, and Anthony Appiah. Africana: the Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience. Basic Civitas Books, 1999. 24 Nov. 2007

Farrant, Leda. Tippu Tip and East African Slave Trade. Hamish Hamilton: London. 1975.

Hochschild, Adam. King Leopold's Ghost: a Story of Greed, Terror, and Heroism in Colonial Africa. Houghton Mifflin Books, 1998. 24 Nov. 2007 <http://books.google.com/books?id=rXv8ehP_F5oC&pg=PA131-IA15&lpg=PA131-IA15&dq=tippu+tip+colonialism&source=web&ots=HnlsAguWBi&sig=WOX91Lf6BVJptCxx2VAbpRSoYeA#PPA131-IA16,M1>.

Atmore, Anthony. Africa Since 1800. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1994. 24 Nov. 2007 http://books.google.com/books?id=G-RDZYPaMtkC&dq=tippu+tip+loyal.

Gates, Henry Louis, and Anthony Appiah. Africana: the Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience. Basic Civitas Books, 1999. 24 Nov. 2007

Farrant, Leda. Tippu Tip and East African Slave Trade. Hamish Hamilton: London. 1975.

Hochschild, Adam. King Leopold's Ghost: a Story of Greed, Terror, and Heroism in Colonial Africa. Houghton Mifflin Books, 1998. 24 Nov. 2007 <http://books.google.com/books?id=rXv8ehP_F5oC&pg=PA131-IA15&lpg=PA131-IA15&dq=tippu+tip+colonialism&source=web&ots=HnlsAguWBi&sig=WOX91Lf6BVJptCxx2VAbpRSoYeA#PPA131-IA16,M1>.

BibliographyBibliography

Meredith, Martin. Elephant Destiny: Biography of an Endangered Species in Africa. Public Affairs, 2004. 26 Nov. 2007 http://books.google.com/books?id=cLaI1LH16GkC&dq=tippu+tip.

"The Story of Africa." BBC World Service. BBC News. 24 Nov. 2007 <http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1624_story_of_africa/page33.shtml.>

Swann, Alfred James. Fighting the Slave-Hunters in Central Africa: a Record of Twenty-Six Years. Comp. Norman R. Bennett. Routledge, 1969. 25 Nov. 2007 http://books.google.com/books?id=l9P-Ghd9ug8C&pg=RA1-PA8-IA7&lpg=RA1-PA8-IA7&dq=tippu+tip+stanley&source=web&ots=1RJrTpx9yP&sig=6AEJ6LtKaA9cNBEjuU-FP5vWfqQ#PRA1-PA8-IA7,M1.

Meredith, Martin. Elephant Destiny: Biography of an Endangered Species in Africa. Public Affairs, 2004. 26 Nov. 2007 http://books.google.com/books?id=cLaI1LH16GkC&dq=tippu+tip.

"The Story of Africa." BBC World Service. BBC News. 24 Nov. 2007 <http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1624_story_of_africa/page33.shtml.>

Swann, Alfred James. Fighting the Slave-Hunters in Central Africa: a Record of Twenty-Six Years. Comp. Norman R. Bennett. Routledge, 1969. 25 Nov. 2007 http://books.google.com/books?id=l9P-Ghd9ug8C&pg=RA1-PA8-IA7&lpg=RA1-PA8-IA7&dq=tippu+tip+stanley&source=web&ots=1RJrTpx9yP&sig=6AEJ6LtKaA9cNBEjuU-FP5vWfqQ#PRA1-PA8-IA7,M1.