Timeline Project J. Michael Dillon Walden University Evolution of Educational Technology EDUC-8840-2 Dr. Keith Pratt, Professor August 9, 2009

Timeline Project

J. Michael Dillon

Walden UniversityEvolution of Educational

TechnologyEDUC-8840-2Dr. Keith Pratt, Professor

August 9, 2009

Timeline ProjectThe timeline project is designed to provide

an overview of the influence of the “waves” of social change on the world.

The project will be presented in six parts:

STRAND 1: Toffler’s Three

Waves




STRAND 2: Technological

Advances

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.inquestscreening.com/images/technology.jpg&imgrefurl=http://chuckk.sacreddigital.com/ministry_youth/&usg=__9szv8qBpJMZjsbZwC5cuOScYvI4=&h=1604&w=2400&sz=1451&hl=en&start=7&tbnid=Sxz3VjJkXsrR5M:&tbnh=100&tbnw=150&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtechnology%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den




STRAND 3: Business/

Work Development

s

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.organizebydesign.com/web_cubicle-before1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.organizebydesign.com/beforeafter.html&usg=__EkVO98VTH6ujSjJz_4wx2fsont0=&h=386&w=560&sz=70&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=DgZ2u0MHkTyrhM:&tbnh=92&tbnw=133&prev=/images%3Fq%3Doffice%2Bcubicle%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den




STRAND 4: Educational

Theory




STRAND 5: Social and Cultural Change




STRAND 6: Political Impact

Strand One:Toffler’s Three Waves

Alvin Toffler (1980) suggested that there have been three major “waves” (p. 5) of dynamic,

sweeping advancements that have led to significant social evolution in the places where

the waves have washed over.

Agricultural AgeToffler (1980) identified the “First Wave” (p. 13) as the

period where people began to harness the power of the land. The agricultural age began around 8000 B.C. It diminished

during the 1600s.





Industrial AgeThe transition into the “Second Wave” (Toffler, 1980, p. 14) was marked by the Industrial Revolution. This wave began between 1650 and 1750 and is currently in the process of

receding.





Information AgeThe initial stages of the Third Wave” (Toffler,1980, p. 14)

began in the late 20th century and is still advancing around the globe.


The current debate revolves around whether or not a fourth wave is currently colliding with the remnants of industrialization and information

processing.

???? AgeThere are many perspectives dealing with what characterizes

the current wave. Thornburg (Laureate Education, 2008) suggested a communication age. Dede (Laureate Education,

2008) hypothesized that biotechnology will mark the next wave. Other possibilities include globalization,

environmental concerns, and so forth.

Timeline

Timeline1900 to Present

The remainder of the presentation will focus on the eleven decades

from 1900 until present day. Each strand of the timeline will deal with a

different aspect of educational technology.

Technological Advances

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.inquestscreening.com/images/technology.jpg&imgrefurl=http://chuckk.sacreddigital.com/ministry_youth/&usg=__9szv8qBpJMZjsbZwC5cuOScYvI4=&h=1604&w=2400&sz=1451&hl=en&start=7&tbnid=Sxz3VjJkXsrR5M:&tbnh=100&tbnw=150&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtechnology%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://library.thinkquest.org/07aug/00719/images/razr_phone.jpg&imgrefurl=http://library.thinkquest.org/07aug/00719/view%2520points.html&usg=__DST2RAso6bTa15PKIUHQ2fUnu-o=&h=305&w=325&sz=16&hl=en&start=12&tbnid=cSnYWEH3p0VOwM:&tbnh=111&tbnw=118&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcell%2Bphone%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.focus.org.nz/article_images/images/radio%2520microphone.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.focus.org.nz/&usg=__qJa6LwfGtUuJ3H-yeF-rxfm5Km4=&h=317&w=312&sz=8&hl=en&start=38&tbnid=_dd27XPGXFGlrM:&tbnh=118&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dradio%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D18%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26start%3D36

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://i207.photobucket.com/albums/bb92/manshil_143/blue_film_roll.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.themediasite.net/forums/showthread.php%3Ft%3D35139&usg=__5_XfZPq9WnE8zoruMrFUF-d-Odw=&h=819&w=1024&sz=186&hl=en&start=33&tbnid=CGMvn1b0yzS7PM:&tbnh=120&tbnw=150&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dfilm%2Broll%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D18%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26start%3D18

Strand Two:Technological Advances

1900-19101900: First words are spoken via radio wavesLink to Website

1906: First widespread radio broadcast with human voice is sentLink to Website

http://www.isrl.illinois.edu/~chip/projects/timeline/1900larson.html

http://www.isrl.illinois.edu/~chip/projects/timeline/1906machula.html#voice

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.istockphoto.com/file_thumbview_approve/4419385/2/istockphoto_4419385-radio-signal.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.istockphoto.com/file_closeup/concepts-and-ideas/communication/4419385-radio-signal.php%3Fid%3D4419385&usg=__2pA2YmEMyWjUCdn-TdXVhfjMkj4=&h=285&w=380&sz=18&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=Ly2C3eZ3e0ox3M:&tbnh=92&tbnw=123&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dradio%2Bsignal%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://foodjobsbook.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/old_fashion_radio_microphone_new5-300x300.gif&imgrefurl=http://foodjobsbook.com/blog/2009/03/sharing-radio-time-with-sue-zelickson/&usg=__sHBkzWnqSrW3hCHqmsZmPNKuMX0=&h=300&w=300&sz=15&hl=en&start=36&tbnid=qE7x9eXK1zRqRM:&tbnh=116&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dradio%2Bmicrophone%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D18%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26start%3D18


1910-19201910: The trend toward the development of educational films beginsLink to Website

1917: Radio broadcast dealing with music education is transmittedLink to Website

http://mlmiller.myweb.uga.edu/timeline/1910s.html


http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://farm1.static.flickr.com/55/423329167_ea79f66cd0.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.flickr.com/photos/filmfatale/423329167/&usg=__tKxt0NXzPWQouilOWZz6tKCR12w=&h=375&w=500&sz=158&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=nyc39mHdWviS9M:&tbnh=98&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Deducational%2Bfilm%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D18%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.clipartguide.com/_named_clipart_images/0511-0901-1901-2131_Vintage_Radio_Announcer_clipart_image.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.clipartguide.com/_pages/0511-0901-1901-2131.html&usg=__EHCD-bnUxLrBSAn60vNuiJUwBUI=&h=350&w=326&sz=57&hl=en&start=3&tbnid=BVgRpsKCI4708M:&tbnh=120&tbnw=112&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dradio%2Bbroadcast%2Bclipart%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den


1920-19301924: The use of student-developed newspapers as learning tools is promotedLink to Website

1927/1928: Motion pictures with sound hit the commercial marketLink to Website

http://www.oise.utoronto.ca/research/edu20/moments/


http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://chronicleoftheoldwest.com/store/media/newspaper_montage.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.chronicleoftheoldwest.com/store/product_newspaper-outside_US.html&usg=__tHThAB5w6rA832SsA1a--Y_gL8c=&h=426&w=425&sz=45&hl=en&start=8&tbnid=iuXugD4XGv5BjM:&tbnh=126&tbnw=126&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dold%2Bnewspaper%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den


1930-19401933: First television broadcasts are sentLink to Website

1938: Binary computing is developedLink to Website


http://www.isrl.illinois.edu/~chip/projects/timeline/1938binary_computer.htm

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.thinkgeek.com/images/products/additional/large/wrapping_paper-binary.jpg&imgrefurl=http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/whatis/handy-tool-online-binary-to-text-converter/&usg=__SsVdOoHy8N_V1G_kTPpadCuJv-4=&h=400&w=400&sz=62&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=zawCh4o0Kuxu8M:&tbnh=124&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbinary%2Bcode%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den


1940-19501947/1948: First transistors are developedLink to Website

1947: Polaroid camera is introduced and will quickly produce photographic imagesLink to Website

http://www.isrl.illinois.edu/~chip/projects/timeline/1947gerber.html

http://history1900s.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?zi=1/XJ/Ya&sdn=history1900s&zu=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Famex%2Ftelephone%2Ftimeline%2Ftimeline_text.html

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://feralcaching.files.wordpress.com/2007/10/transistor-geocoin.jpg&imgrefurl=http://feralcaching.wordpress.com/2007/10/24/wheel-of-yime-landmark-inventions/&usg=__ABGCaOEATdjjU4MWE1jR9MS4dV4=&h=397&w=446&sz=169&hl=en&start=15&tbnid=YtnFUNU2MxdAqM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dfirst%2Btransistor%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den


1950-19601951: First UNIVAC computer is used in U.S. by the census bureauLink to Website

1960: COBOL programming language is developed and implementedLink to Website

http://www.csulb.edu/~murdock/histofcs.html



1960-19701966: ERIC (Educational Resources Information Center) is establishedLink to Website

1967: First hand-held, battery-powered calculator is developed by Texas InstrumentsLink to Website

http://cter.ed.uiuc.edu/cter2/ci335/timeline.html

http://lrs.ed.uiuc.edu/students/ghenke/historycalc.html#HAND-HELD%20CALCULATOR


1970-19801975: Microsoft is foundedLink to Website

1979: First cellular network is establishedLink to Website

http://static.commentcamarche.net/en.kioskea.net/pictures/telephonie-mobile-images-reseau-cellulaire.pnghttp:/www.isteconnects.org/2009/04/09/educational-technology-timeline/


http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://technomarketer.typepad.com/technomarketer//microsoft%2520logo_qjpreviewth.jpg&imgrefurl=http://technomarketer.typepad.com/technomarketer/media_planning_and_buying/&usg=__TncBKL11xddFFBXv53ynzaftp9U=&h=212&w=408&sz=11&hl=en&start=7&tbnid=CQjOwe9CuAyRhM:&tbnh=65&tbnw=125&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmicrosoft%2Blogo%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~shashank/site/images/microsoft_logo.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~shashank/site/portfolio.html&usg=__AYmdzWBW9Y7iAftwR4AMplFyqRs=&h=299&w=300&sz=5&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=Sk8jPaSR61onuM:&tbnh=116&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmicrosoft%2Blogo%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~shashank/site/images/microsoft_logo.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~shashank/site/portfolio.html&usg=__AYmdzWBW9Y7iAftwR4AMplFyqRs=&h=299&w=300&sz=5&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=Sk8jPaSR61onuM:&tbnh=116&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmicrosoft%2Blogo%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den


1980-19901984: Mac computers are first introducedLink to Website

1986/1987: JPEG and GIF standards are introduced for imagesLink to Website



http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://images.businessweek.com/ss/06/05/phaidon/image/9_843-apple-macintosh.jpg&imgrefurl=http://images.businessweek.com/ss/06/05/phaidon/source/10.htm&usg=__r7im57lGJVilEXPk_pTPQgetYBw=&h=307&w=440&sz=31&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=OtP56OPhIJYBTM:&tbnh=89&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq%3D1984%2Bmacintosh%2Bcomputer%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den


1990-20001991: SMART-board technology is introduced.Link to Website

1993: First Internet web browser becomes available to the publicLink to Website




2000-20102001: iPod is on the market Link to Website

2001: Podcasting is introduced Link to Website



http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://regmedia.co.uk/2007/09/11/apple_ipod_classic_1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.reghardware.co.uk/2007/09/13/review_apple_ipod_classic/&usg=__VWKiP7WDi1QcwbI1FwPrzDNx580=&h=400&w=332&sz=39&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=F07dEpU4Abtf3M:&tbnh=124&tbnw=103&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dipod%2Bclassic%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cmu.edu/stores/computer/images/ipod-touch1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cmu.edu/stores/computer/Hardware/Apple%2520Products/ipod.html&usg=__83F_yJQdc-LcjUZF_qBx6w7o3iw=&h=840&w=500&sz=56&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=7dxOEd1hc44MIM:&tbnh=145&tbnw=86&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dipod%2Btouch%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.thewwwblog.com/images/apple/ipod-nano-new.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.thewwwblog.com/apple-ipod-nano-4g-review-worlds-thinnest-ipod.html&usg=__UkBakZEaAMAE_n_qZzGvdpj6w-k=&h=518&w=1280&sz=98&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=6u_cQkW2FWdnfM:&tbnh=61&tbnw=150&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dipod%2Bnano%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pinkkryptonite.com/images/pinkkryptonite/podcast.jpg&imgrefurl=http://pinkkryptonite.com/goblin/&usg=__Vk4GeQ2-KK5C8fzo1SHvjMQmaVM=&h=354&w=402&sz=37&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=UaPdg_ta-y6NVM:&tbnh=109&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpodcast%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

Business and Work

Developments

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://oldcarandtruckpictures.com/ModelTFord/1908ModelTFord-b.jpg&imgrefurl=http://oldcarandtruckpictures.com/ModelTFord/&usg=__w4NirVumIpKrLRRK2k_NBOuY5lg=&h=321&w=400&sz=23&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=yl1FhXR96kYQ4M:&tbnh=100&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmodel%2BT%2Bford%2B1908%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

Strand Three:Business and Work

Developments1900-1910

1903: Wright Brothers make the first flightLink to Website

1908: Henry Ford revolutionizes production process and introduces the Model TLink to Website

http://www.smallbusinessnotes.com/history/timelinehist.html

http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/ford.htm

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://oldcarandtruckpictures.com/ModelTFord/1908ModelTFord-b.jpg&imgrefurl=http://oldcarandtruckpictures.com/ModelTFord/&usg=__w4NirVumIpKrLRRK2k_NBOuY5lg=&h=321&w=400&sz=23&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=yl1FhXR96kYQ4M:&tbnh=100&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmodel%2BT%2Bford%2B1908%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

Strand Three:

1910-19201911: Anti-trust ruling by Supreme Court in Standard Oil case sets precedent for battling monopolizationLink to Website

1914: Panama Canal is completed and openedLink to Website

Business and Work Developments

http://www.hg.org/article.asp?id=6025


http://www.micheloud.com/FXM/so/scans/Titre2.gif

Strand Three:

1920-19301929: The stock market crash and the Great Depression lead to record unemployment and low levels of tradeLink to Website

1930: The first supermarket, King Kullen, opens in the U.S.Link to Website

Business and Work Developments

http://library.thinkquest.org/3483/Rhist/gd.html

http://www.thestreet.com/story/747904/1.html

1930-19401936: Construction on the Hoover Dam is completedLink to Website

1939: First unemployment check is issued by the Social Security AdministrationLink to Website


Developments



1940-19501941: “Rosie the Riveter” goes to work in factories as part of the war effort and leads to anti-discrimination changesLink to Website

1943: Merck develops drug treatment for tuberculosis and sets the stage for future pharmaceutical industryLink to Website


Developments



http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://globalhealthnexus.typepad.com/global_health_nexus/images/2007/06/25/mycobacterium_tuberculosis.jpg&imgrefurl=http://globalhealthnexus.typepad.com/global_health_nexus/tuberculosis/&usg=__VSFrH0EhFNM68bzK9X55aSrEXOg=&h=289&w=300&sz=15&hl=en&start=32&tbnid=9EFRwi5HwKJKZM:&tbnh=112&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtb%2Btreatment%2Bfirst%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D18%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DN%26start%3D18

1950-19601958: Eisenhower administration takes steps to create NASALink to Website

1958: First credit card is issued by American Express and Visa (originally Bank of America)Link to Website


Developments


http://inventors.about.com/od/cstartinventions/a/credit_cards.htm

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.scivee.tv/files/group/NASA_Logo.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.scivee.tv/user/2629&usg=__HavdawdatI_3EgiA19929DUAZUM=&h=857&w=1005&sz=44&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=m0YhM3vHjtBOYM:&tbnh=127&tbnw=149&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnasa%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

1960-19701963: The Equal Pay Act is passed stating that men and work should be paid equal wages for the same workLink to Website

1965: Medicare is signed into lawLink to Website


Developments

http://www.eeoc.gov/types/epa.html


http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://tempe-insurance.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/medical-symbol-12.jpg&imgrefurl=http://tempe-insurance.com/tag/insurance-news/&usg=__rEN0uMoMxTZab0AG6WVBSmgsgNM=&h=250&w=250&sz=70&hl=en&start=26&tbnid=ScoOLLQ7FC7m8M:&tbnh=111&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmedicare%2Bsymbol%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D18%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DN%26start%3D18

1970-19801973: Federal Express (FedEx) begins operationsLink to Website

1979: Three Mile Island disaster raises significant doubts about nuclear powerLink to Website


Developments



http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.awib.org/content_frames/FedEx%2520Logo.jpeg&imgrefurl=http://www.awib.org/content_frames/2006Sponsors.html&usg=__xImS3X5FmqpUaB7Tj4VpORRI_A0=&h=322&w=900&sz=15&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=kvYq3R0N2mN-RM:&tbnh=52&tbnw=146&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dfedex%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

1980-19901980: U.S. government provides $1.5 billion in loans to bail out ChryslerLink to Website

1987: The U.S. stock market crashes on “Black Monday” but eventually recovers with help from the federal governmentLink to Website


Developments



http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.lov2xlr8.no/dailycap/bilder/mi9.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.lov2xlr8.no/dailycap/cord.html&usg=__usenmSSNRTPBe4AVlI-x8bgWTLI=&h=440&w=978&sz=122&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=uilE5mhSIPe3aM:&tbnh=67&tbnw=149&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dchrysler%2B1980%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

1990-20001995: Several companies begin offering dial-up service to connect people to the InternetLink to Website

1999: The word “E-commerce” is tagged as Internet shopping continues to rapidly increaseLink to Website


Developments

http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0193167.html


http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/data%3Fpid%3Davimage%26iid%3DiliZW7Bygo7Y&imgrefurl=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news%3Fpid%3D20601087%26sid%3Dav3B4HtVUHb4%26refer%3Dhome&usg=__vnoahSRyJSiSGuYNbvlnu0F9-7E=&h=360&w=488&sz=39&hl=en&start=18&tbnid=6dyZo3jY7LblEM:&tbnh=96&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Donline%2Bshopping%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https://academictech.doit.wisc.edu/ORFI/otr/communication/aol_logo.png&imgrefurl=https://academictech.doit.wisc.edu/ORFI/otr/communication/communicate_content.html&usg=__ay2Vk0C91eImT-Px-DtmIxPNWoc=&h=303&w=303&sz=46&hl=en&start=3&tbnid=QFxVZZXFCXWIiM:&tbnh=116&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Daol%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

2000-20102006: Approximately 92 million websites are available onlineLink to Website

2008/2009: Housing bubble bursts, Chrysler declares bankruptcy, and government bailouts are used to save the financial sectorLink to Website


Developments


http://www.sfgate.com/timeline/bailout/

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.kvlgkbuk.com/Photos/worldWideWebPic2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.kvlgkbuk.com/kvlg__kbuk_radio__local_busines.htm&usg=__O__bZDYoYs7RS202WHm1PL5l3YA=&h=695&w=2177&sz=160&hl=en&start=6&tbnid=UsaZASwMXPq6MM:&tbnh=48&tbnw=150&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dworld%2Bwide%2Bweb%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

Educational and

Learning Theories

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://host.uniroma3.it/laboratori/cesmon/cesmon/immagini/Montessori.jpg&imgrefurl=http://host.uniroma3.it/laboratori/cesmon/cesmon/chi/presentation.htm&usg=__A-IA_zAOdDrwtXcGRttv-cGMIh4=&h=878&w=800&sz=130&hl=en&start=7&tbnid=xZz7AKbgzYZU-M:&tbnh=146&tbnw=133&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmontessori%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/sharemed/targets/images/pho/t051/T051424A.jpg&imgrefurl=http://encarta.msn.com/media_461536055_761566854_-1_1/john_dewey.html&usg=__6QhIwTKBMbfG2qiL6QZWWqR8-D8=&h=340&w=298&sz=7&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=W42jrACG70kW7M:&tbnh=119&tbnw=104&prev=/images%3Fq%3Djohn%2Bdewey%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://tecfa.unige.ch/tecfa/teaching/UVLibre/9900/bin29/portrait-piaget.gif&imgrefurl=http://tecfa.unige.ch/tecfa/teaching/UVLibre/9900/bin29/piaget.htm&usg=__H1QH-w8BLLqBnREH3-I_V8gROnY=&h=310&w=256&sz=19&hl=en&start=5&tbnid=9oKs60qEk_KCHM:&tbnh=117&tbnw=97&prev=/images%3Fq%3Djean%2Bpiaget%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://pavlov.psicol.unam.mx:8080/CIM2000/Textos_Clasicos/skinner_Smiling.jpg&imgrefurl=http://pavlov.psicol.unam.mx:8080/CIM2000/Textos_Clasicos/Psicologos_Notables.htm&usg=__XzB-T9c_VKlSy3WRkr5O4ptDkRA=&h=452&w=311&sz=31&hl=en&start=3&tbnid=c5LzrT-LFryoCM:&tbnh=127&tbnw=87&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbf%2Bskinner%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.weac.org/graphics/conven97/gardner.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.weac.org/news_and_publications/education_news/1997-1998/diversify_teaching_approach.aspx&usg=__Ml3Fi8zRG2Ogo_UqcIqPqFdpZXY=&h=363&w=250&sz=11&hl=en&start=3&tbnid=3ArGBZh1YgrhcM:&tbnh=121&tbnw=83&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dhoward%2Bgardner%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

Strand Four:Educational and Learning

Theories1900-1910

1905: Alfred Binet publishes article detailing intelligence (IQ) testingLink to Website

1904: Pavlov received Noble Prize for work with “classical” conditioningLink to Website

http://www.cloudnet.com/~edrbsass/educationhistorytimeline.html

http://www.oise.utoronto.ca/research/edu20/moments/1904pavlov.html

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://mindsparke.com/Alfred_Binet.jpg&imgrefurl=http://mindsparke.com/iq.php%3Fid%3D1&usg=__PAg-f6oRTRCLxBONruPYc50SPA4=&h=150&w=200&sz=9&hl=en&start=6&tbnid=cAGJdqLuuFviwM:&tbnh=78&tbnw=104&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dalfred%2Bbinet%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16cm05/1116/pavlov.jpg&imgrefurl=http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16cm05/1116/16behave.htm&usg=__XHza6F2HOAITIwmC0SXbC_CBz9A=&h=354&w=257&sz=11&hl=en&start=5&tbnid=T927JDg11GgZpM:&tbnh=121&tbnw=88&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpavlov%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

1910-19201911: First Montessori schools opens in the United States.Link to Website

1916: Dewey publishes Democracy and Education and the progressive education movement beginsLink to Website


Theories



http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://host.uniroma3.it/laboratori/cesmon/cesmon/immagini/Montessori.jpg&imgrefurl=http://host.uniroma3.it/laboratori/cesmon/cesmon/chi/presentation.htm&usg=__A-IA_zAOdDrwtXcGRttv-cGMIh4=&h=878&w=800&sz=130&hl=en&start=7&tbnid=xZz7AKbgzYZU-M:&tbnh=146&tbnw=133&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmontessori%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/sharemed/targets/images/pho/t051/T051424A.jpg&imgrefurl=http://encarta.msn.com/media_461536055_761566854_-1_1/john_dewey.html&usg=__6QhIwTKBMbfG2qiL6QZWWqR8-D8=&h=340&w=298&sz=7&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=W42jrACG70kW7M:&tbnh=119&tbnw=104&prev=/images%3Fq%3Djohn%2Bdewey%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

1920-19301924: The fundamentals of Gestalt Theory are presented by Max Wertheimer Link to Website

1929: Jean Piaget introduces his theory of cognitive developmentLink to Website


Theories



http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.todayinsci.com/W/Wertheimer_Max/WertheimerMaxThm.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.todayinsci.com/10/10_12.htm&usg=__tGBt88wOl3ZnqVcneBkxASDy8Ik=&h=125&w=100&sz=3&hl=en&start=8&tbnid=SW-oe9AUyz_7PM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=72&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmax%2Bwertheimer%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://tecfa.unige.ch/tecfa/teaching/UVLibre/9900/bin29/portrait-piaget.gif&imgrefurl=http://tecfa.unige.ch/tecfa/teaching/UVLibre/9900/bin29/piaget.htm&usg=__H1QH-w8BLLqBnREH3-I_V8gROnY=&h=310&w=256&sz=19&hl=en&start=5&tbnid=9oKs60qEk_KCHM:&tbnh=117&tbnw=97&prev=/images%3Fq%3Djean%2Bpiaget%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

1930-19401930(ish): Lev Vygotsky proposes a social learning theory and introduces the ZPD (Zone of Proximal Development)Link to Website

1930s: Ellwood Cubberley develops hierarchy for school leadership (superintendent, principal, etc.) Link to Website


Theories

http://www.learnnc.org/lp/pages/5075

http://www.pbs.org/kcet/publicschool/innovators/cubberley.html

1940-19501940s: Progressive education comes to the forefront and is heavily influenced by the work of Dewey and liberalismLink to Website

1949: Tyler publishes book discussing the basics of curriculum and instructionLink to Website


Theories

http://www.archives.nysed.gov/edpolicy/research/res_chronology1944.shtml

http://www.oise.utoronto.ca/research/edu20/moments/1949tyler.html

1950-19601953: B.F. Skinner publishes Science and Human Behavior and behaviorism (operant conditioning) rises to the forefrontLink to Website

1956: Benjamin Bloom releases the taxonomy of educational objectives in the cognitive domainLink to Website


Theories


http://www.krummefamily.org/guides/bloom.html

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://pavlov.psicol.unam.mx:8080/CIM2000/Textos_Clasicos/skinner_Smiling.jpg&imgrefurl=http://pavlov.psicol.unam.mx:8080/CIM2000/Textos_Clasicos/Psicologos_Notables.htm&usg=__XzB-T9c_VKlSy3WRkr5O4ptDkRA=&h=452&w=311&sz=31&hl=en&start=3&tbnid=c5LzrT-LFryoCM:&tbnh=127&tbnw=87&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbf%2Bskinner%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

1960-19701966: Bruner’s conceptualizations give rise to cognitive learning theories that challenge behaviorismLink to Website

1970: Illich critiques the education system in “Deschooling Society”Link to Website


Theories


http://www.oise.utoronto.ca/research/edu20/moments/1970illich.html

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://isites.harvard.edu/fs/docs/icb.topic20826.files/Bruner2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://isites.harvard.edu/icb/icb.do%3Fkeyword%3Dk3007%26pageid%3Dicb.page19708%26pageContentId%3Dicb.pagecontent44003%26view%3Dview.do%26viewParam_name%3Dbruner.html&usg=__TAkm5OWUc5I55a1Dlz7lhpyA6Kc=&h=294&w=235&sz=28&hl=en&start=15&tbnid=DLb3z8xoh5ixiM:&tbnh=115&tbnw=92&prev=/images%3Fq%3Djerome%2Bbruner%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://mihaib.com/images/books/DeschoolingSociety.gif&imgrefurl=http://mihaib.com/images/books/&usg=__1z_lH4hdXN-d9yhmGZgqRK9Wgy4=&h=475&w=292&sz=155&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=cUQz0Lvc0VApGM:&tbnh=129&tbnw=79&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddeschooling%2Bsociety%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

1970-19801972: Paolo Freire publishes “Pedagogy of the Oppressed” and highlights notions of “banking” and positioning learning within lived experiences Link to Website

1970s: Albert Shanker provides leadership in the development and strengthening of teachers’ unionsLink to Website


Theories

http://www.infed.org/thinkers/et-freir.htm

http://www.pbs.org/kcet/publicschool/innovators/shanker.html

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/tc/parker/adlearnville/transformativelearning/graphics/freire.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/tc/parker/adlearnville/transformativelearning/freire.html&usg=__bYC3LjFLczSLw8rhYbVjWDou9UI=&h=398&w=390&sz=25&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=l_KQBOSxLGLOJM:&tbnh=124&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpaolo%2Bfreire%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

1980-19901982: Madeline Hunter introduces instructional model Link to Website

1983: Howard Gardner publishes Frames of Mind and introduces the theory of Multiple IntelligencesLink to Website


Theories


http://www.infed.org/thinkers/gardner.htm

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.weac.org/graphics/conven97/gardner.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.weac.org/news_and_publications/education_news/1997-1998/diversify_teaching_approach.aspx&usg=__Ml3Fi8zRG2Ogo_UqcIqPqFdpZXY=&h=363&w=250&sz=11&hl=en&start=3&tbnid=3ArGBZh1YgrhcM:&tbnh=121&tbnw=83&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dhoward%2Bgardner%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

1990-20001989-1995: NCTM issues standards documents that sets the bar for curriculum development Link to Website

1990s: The work of James Popham supports the transition to curriculum-based assessment Link to Website


Theories

http://www.nctm.org/standards/content.aspx?id=16909

http://www.answers.com/topic/william-james-popham

http://www.nctm.org/

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://vig-fp.prenhall.com/bigcovers/0205563546.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pearsonhighered.com/educator/product/Classroom-Assessment-What-Teachers-Need-to-Know-Value-Package-includes-MyLabSchool-Student-Access/9780205563548.page&usg=__4wafweOsExwE5_9duABxSlTUBDg=&h=648&w=525&sz=105&hl=en&start=12&tbnid=FEtG0Q9nvFLgrM:&tbnh=137&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpopham%2Bjames%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

2000-20102003: Marzano publishes book that applies the principles of Bloom’s Taxonomy to today’s classroom settings Link to Website

2008: Iowa Core Curriculum provides “a guide to delivering challenging and meaningful content to students that prepares them for success in life” Link to Website


Theories

http://www.google.com/search?q=robert+marzano+history&hl=en&safe=active&rls=com.microsoft:en-us:IE-SearchBox&rlz=1I7GGIG_en&tbs=tl:1&tbo=u&ei=qRKLSsDLDIa4M6b8mBA&sa=X&oi=timeline_result&ct=title&resnum=11

http://www.corecurriculum.iowa.gov/Home.aspx

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.prometheanplanet.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/rev573-marzano.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.prometheanplanet.com/blog/%3Fp%3D436&usg=__7js4Lmucf2ir9nU74FvRMX05Fwk=&h=206&w=165&sz=29&hl=en&start=12&tbnid=NcZAYoLTZ_GRhM:&tbnh=105&tbnw=84&prev=/images%3Fq%3Drobert%2Bmarzano%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.washoe.k12.nv.us/hr/rpdp/images/Marzano_book2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.washoe.k12.nv.us/hr/rpdp/SLF_EU_Resources.htm&usg=__UoqZzwFhhqAAFSbFNq4okBbGmGY=&h=400&w=308&sz=32&hl=en&start=11&tbnid=b9b5JfDAUC43HM:&tbnh=124&tbnw=95&prev=/images%3Fq%3Drobert%2Bmarzano%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.spencerdailyreporter.com/photos/12/17/17/1217170-M.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.spencerdailyreporter.com/story/1529485.html&usg=__xlWoBzGoiOWH4CCK9L8QWA0geys=&h=251&w=249&sz=17&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=dcRZM2HljLLAoM:&tbnh=111&tbnw=110&prev=/images%3Fq%3Diowa%2Bcore%2Bcurriculum%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

Social and Cultural Change

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.archives.gov/press/press-kits/picturing-the-century-photos/images/immigrant-children-ellis-island.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.archives.gov/press/press-kits/picturing-the-century-photos/gallery2.html&usg=__qqplP4PgeczIsU_MUUznJE1brBY=&h=2250&w=3000&sz=646&hl=en&start=7&tbnid=Rir6kfTUihjDdM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=150&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dellis%2Bisland%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://gaygamer.net/images/the-beatles.jpg.jpeg&imgrefurl=http://gaygamer.net/2009/03/the_beatles_rock_band_set_for.html&usg=__SJBLMnjG1LF45UUXpoL0JegvA8k=&h=416&w=486&sz=30&hl=en&start=15&tbnid=EtDZ2sa5UQBdsM:&tbnh=110&tbnw=129&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbeatles%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

Strand Five:Social and Cultural Impact

1900-19101905: Einstein’s Theory of Relativity transforms the scientific landscapeLink to Website

1907: Immigration to the U.S. peaks as nearly 1,000,000 pass through Ellis IslandLink to Website

http://www.timelineindex.com/content/view/975


http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.archives.gov/press/press-kits/picturing-the-century-photos/images/immigrant-children-ellis-island.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.archives.gov/press/press-kits/picturing-the-century-photos/gallery2.html&usg=__qqplP4PgeczIsU_MUUznJE1brBY=&h=2250&w=3000&sz=646&hl=en&start=7&tbnid=Rir6kfTUihjDdM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=150&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dellis%2Bisland%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive


1910-1920

1918: The Seven Cardinal Principles of Secondary Education are issuedLink to Website


1917: WWI leads to Army Alpha testing which serves as precursor for standardized testingLink to Website

http://www.ux1.eiu.edu/~cfrnb/cardprin.html


http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.comnet.ca/~pballan/Fig26a.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.comnet.ca/~pballan/MAJOR.htm&usg=__H2qwZhR87QejW6O0_WRm1l0crNw=&h=339&w=549&sz=28&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=LWEt-X9VSEU2iM:&tbnh=82&tbnw=133&prev=/images%3Fq%3Darmy%2Balpha%2Btesting%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d7/7NumberSevenInCircle.png&imgrefurl=http://www.anightingale.com/&usg=__JQlk6D414Ma-ytcqXGKI0ynSM9U=&h=500&w=500&sz=16&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=fDK_7Ffv54pyuM:&tbnh=130&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dseven%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

1920-19301927: Lindbergh makes the first solo flight across the Atlantic OceanLink to Website

1929: Great Depression begins in AmericaLink to Website




1930-19401932: FDR is elected as president bringing about the “new Deal”; Eleanor Roosevelt advocates for human rightsLink to Website

1939: First commercial television broadcast Link to Website




1940-19501941: U.S. enters World War IILink to Website

1946: The “baby boom” generation begins and would influence American society for years to comeLink to Website




http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.babyboomer-magazine.com/tpllib/img.php%3Fim%3Dcat_165/1096.jpg%26w%3D295%26h%3D344&imgrefurl=http://www.babyboomer-magazine.com/news/165/ARTICLE/1096/2006-09-25.html&usg=__G1uF1Xp5BJ-qf-C5NMGthtNQbRM=&h=344&w=295&sz=26&hl=en&start=12&tbnid=mSQRxO830AO21M:&tbnh=120&tbnw=103&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbaby%2Bboom%2Bgeneration%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

1950-19601955: Rosa Parks refuses to give up bus seat and serves as the impetus for the Civil Rights movementLink to Website


1957: Russia launches Sputnik sparking the space race and a push for science educationLink to Website



http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://ga.webjunction.org/c/document_library/get_file%3FfolderId%3D4567574%26name%3DDLFE-720009.jpg&imgrefurl=http://ga.webjunction.org/687/-/articles/content/5783684&usg=__OEROYK_8eTOu1jP0-axPjo-yzxI=&h=383&w=572&sz=133&hl=en&start=5&tbnid=AwDFrLOqLTFZNM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=134&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmontgomery%2Bbus%2Bboycott%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://graphic-engine.swarthmore.edu/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/sputnik-image-1.gif&imgrefurl=http://graphic-engine.swarthmore.edu/%3Fm%3D200710&usg=__irA-V_lK5K4Wicy6Momgmy_41EU=&h=1094&w=896&sz=123&hl=en&start=16&tbnid=eHVAgBjL20H6fM:&tbnh=150&tbnw=123&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsputnik%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

1960-19701965: Head Start is initiated to help low-income familiesLink to Website

1969: The number of troops in Vietnam reaches a war-time high and triggers many anti-war protestsLink to Website




http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ri.net/middletown/gaudet/studentwork/human_rights/human_rights_block_e/vietnam_kt/_40336521_us_protests300.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ri.net/middletown/gaudet/studentwork/human_rights/human_rights_block_e/vietnam_kt/index.htm&usg=__Gm2y1Q1eSWZCG3pfQV-EwL-mdzU=&h=300&w=300&sz=15&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=t-VwD8eqhnyHPM:&tbnh=116&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dvietnam%2Bprotests%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

1970-19801973: The Vietnam War comes to an end and leaves the country reeling from social and political unrestLink to Website

1974: Richard Nixon resigns as president as a result of the Watergate scandalLink to Website




http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://basic-weapons-and-tactics.com/vietnam-war-soldier.jpg&imgrefurl=http://basic-weapons-and-tactics.com/vietnam_war_images.htm&usg=__1sqqbiOPr18eUJjEYu_57HCXjTU=&h=287&w=436&sz=56&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=tBtY8wdwATbrrM:&tbnh=83&tbnw=126&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dvietnam%2Bwar%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://images.businessweek.com/ss/07/04/0426_dow/image/4_richard-nixon.jpg&imgrefurl=http://images.businessweek.com/ss/07/04/0426_dow/source/5.htm&usg=__UL6kwRIrsh_HQizerv8iguUnhvA=&h=321&w=475&sz=56&hl=en&start=23&tbnid=JbdRBwU_sMvARM:&tbnh=87&tbnw=129&prev=/images%3Fq%3Drichard%2Bnixon%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D18%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DN%26start%3D18

1980-19901980: John Lennon is shot and killedLink to Website

1989: The fall of the Berlin Wall changes the political and economic landscapeLink to Website


http://www.inthe80s.com/time1980.shtml


http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.scripting.com/images/johnLennonFull.gif&imgrefurl=http://bluedreamer27.blogspot.com/&usg=__v6DdwravbWdRE-Tl6_Hzx7o4pFI=&h=506&w=359&sz=84&hl=en&start=13&tbnid=so2RU-a3fKS4zM:&tbnh=131&tbnw=93&prev=/images%3Fq%3Djohn%2Blennon%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://gaygamer.net/images/the-beatles.jpg.jpeg&imgrefurl=http://gaygamer.net/2009/03/the_beatles_rock_band_set_for.html&usg=__SJBLMnjG1LF45UUXpoL0JegvA8k=&h=416&w=486&sz=30&hl=en&start=15&tbnid=EtDZ2sa5UQBdsM:&tbnh=110&tbnw=129&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbeatles%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

1990-20001992: First charter school in America opens in St. Paul, MinnesotaLink to Website

1998: Google gets it start and takes the Internet by stormLink to Website



http://www.google.com/corporate/history.html

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://static.worldarchitecturenews.com/news_images/11195_1_WXY_Bronx%2520Charter%2520School%2520for%2520the%2520Arts-01.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.worldarchitecturenews.com/index.php%3Ffuseaction%3Dwanappln.projectview%26upload_id%3D11195&usg=__PlpCzX7axvoAIs593N1KkBfKu1w=&h=786&w=1000&sz=184&hl=en&start=31&tbnid=jUrAlmRnXwF3uM:&tbnh=117&tbnw=149&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcharter%2Bschool%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D18%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DN%26start%3D18

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.searchviews.com/wp-content/themes/clean-copy-full-3-column-1/images/google-logo.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.searchviews.com/index.php/archives/2008/04&usg=__5t6gL7bt6BJM52wn0ITyb6fEh1Q=&h=478&w=1197&sz=204&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=ylwf-XkJVe34QM:&tbnh=60&tbnw=150&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dgoogle%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

2000-20102001: 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center in the U.S. bring the threat of terrorism to the forefrontLink to Website

2003: War in Iraq begins with aerial attack on Baghdad and launches war that continues todayLink to Website


http://911digitalarchive.org/

http://usiraq.procon.org/viewresource.asp?resourceID=000670#war2003

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://radicalhospitality.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/twin.jpg&imgrefurl=http://radicalhospitality.org/%3Fcat%3D3&usg=__iTOiqvEvNiLcBy2Ty3BymIix3Pc=&h=550&w=492&sz=21&hl=en&start=17&tbnid=MuVQLJT3_x8IIM:&tbnh=133&tbnw=119&prev=/images%3Fq%3D9/11%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://blogs.iwcc.edu/syshra/files/2008/09/iwo-9-11-final.jpg&imgrefurl=http://blogs.iwcc.edu/syshra/2008/09/&usg=__M8Qd7CsQ5bx9trfsUv4AScumPQU=&h=600&w=516&sz=100&hl=en&start=8&tbnid=4Nbxp2ecHexqAM:&tbnh=135&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3D9/11%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

Political and

Legislative Impact

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.uticaschools.org/kennedy/Round-NCLB-Logo.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.uticaschools.org/kennedy/Top.htm&usg=__eXBdLonyvN2wbIBQxc6Luhd0uPo=&h=1307&w=1368&sz=168&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=DB9tU5tiFw_sIM:&tbnh=143&tbnw=150&prev=/images%3Fq%3DNCLB%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

Strand Six:Political/Legislative Impact

1900-19101906: The Massachusetts Commission on Industrial and Technical Education pushes for more technical training in high schoolsLink to Website

1909: The “Carnegie Unit” is developed as a standard measure of time spent in various high school classesLink to Website

http://www.pbs.org/kcet/publicschool/roots_in_history/choice_master3.html


http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://iz.carnegiemnh.org/crayfish/images/massachusetts.jpg&imgrefurl=http://iz.carnegiemnh.org/crayfish/country_pages/state_pages/massachusetts.htm&usg=__MX0WsWKL5FD8TBAlyxu_00pPbho=&h=328&w=417&sz=42&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=7UdWkMA_O6xBRM:&tbnh=98&tbnw=125&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmassachusetts%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

1910-19201913: The 16th Amendment is ratified giving the federal government the right to tax incomesLink to Website

1920: Women’s suffrage movement reaches goal as the 19th Amendment is ratified giving women the right to voteLink to Website


http://library.duke.edu/digitalcollections/eaa/timeline.html

http://library.duke.edu/digitalcollections/eaa/timeline.html

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://spktruth2power.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/no-tax1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://spktruth2power.wordpress.com/2009/02/18/fairtax-or-no-tax/&usg=__Mmt9ZMgQKGh-2AIOBQSf6shbWhw=&h=283&w=400&sz=26&hl=en&start=3&tbnid=BQW0q1aMHbf7lM:&tbnh=88&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsixteenth%2Bamendment%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

1920-19301923: Terman begins creating subject-specific achievement testsLink to Website

1927: Scopes’ “monkey trial” sparks the evolution versus creationism debateLink to Website




1930-19401932: Many schools use standardized IQ tests to “track” studentsLink to Website

1932-1940: The “Eight Year Study” demonstrates that students in progressive classrooms achieved higher than those in traditional classrooms Link to Website




http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.aceintelligence.com/iq_test/IQ_test_graph.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.aceintelligence.com/iq_score_distribution.php&usg=__HAmv9Ma_MRMi9tRJncAllRlEQ70=&h=214&w=496&sz=9&hl=en&start=9&tbnid=sHxYiCJjM4X4EM:&tbnh=56&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dstandardized%2BIQ%2Btests%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

1940-19501944: G.I. Bill is signed into law providing veterans with opportunities to attend collegeLink to Website

1945: Prosser’s study incites changes in curricula that apply to the everyday lives of studentsLink to Website




http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.newamerica.net/blog/files/GI%2520Bill.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.newamerica.net/blog/higher-ed-watch/2008/guest-post-not-your-grandfathers-gi-bill-5216&usg=__2bqXV07GbLRHh-JyKCHeCZcjG08=&h=523&w=350&sz=23&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=bFMIvoPpGfz_-M:&tbnh=131&tbnw=88&prev=/images%3Fq%3DGI%2BBill%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.newamerica.net/files/pictures/16/special_report.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.newamerica.net/programs/education_policy/higher_ed_watch/student_loan_scandal&usg=__slZxGR0gRwQkuvB9MHQWzgiHT6M=&h=1035&w=1287&sz=104&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=-nmAkkC68t3JjM:&tbnh=121&tbnw=150&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dreport%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

1950-19601954: Brown vs. Topeka Board of Education declares that “separate but equal” is not equalLink to Website

1958: The National Defense Education Act (NDEA) was passed to support increased math, science, and foreign language educationLink to Website



http://www.k12academics.com/us-education-legislation/national-defense-education-act

1960-19701962: Engel versus Vitale leads to ruling dealing with prayer in schoolLink to Website

1965: ESEA (Elementary and Secondary Education Act) is passed leading to Title I and other educational programsLink to Website



http://lrs.ed.uiuc.edu/students/ghenke/historycalc.html#HAND-HELD%20CALCULATOR

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.getreligion.org/wp-content/photos/school_prayer.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.getreligion.org/%3Fp%3D3078&usg=__-56Mx73DznchoGZ3IvYdcTRCIpY=&h=320&w=320&sz=17&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=sBXZ7fmDDdycpM:&tbnh=118&tbnw=118&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dprayer%2Bin%2Bschool%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

1970-19801972: Mills versus Board of Education of Washington, D.C. sets the stage for adequate alternative learning services for students with special needsLink to Website

1972: Title IX becomes law and prohibits gender discriminationLink to Website




http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://thesituationist.files.wordpress.com/2007/04/title-ix-montage.jpg&imgrefurl=http://thesituationist.wordpress.com/2007/04/&usg=__3kKkHmda13rUIXyMSq9tpRdxblw=&h=318&w=291&sz=27&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=FtcX7KXAlpszYM:&tbnh=118&tbnw=108&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtitle%2B9%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive

1980-19901983: “A Nation at Risk” is published causing alarm throughout the American education systemLink to Website

1990: IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act) updates previous legislation to provide disabled students with supportLink to Website




http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://blog.vuuch.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/idea_logo.gif&imgrefurl=http://blog.vuuch.com/%3Fcat%3D4&usg=__Jq23PZdXaQpldCFwpnTke93qeC8=&h=504&w=612&sz=9&hl=en&start=23&tbnid=dyS9NJhGONFrhM:&tbnh=112&tbnw=136&prev=/images%3Fq%3DIDEA%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D18%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DN%26start%3D18

1990-20001994: U.S. Department of Education creates the Office of Educational TechnologyLink to Website

2000: First online vote is cast in the United StatesLink to Website


http://www.isteconnects.org/2009/04/09/educational-technology-timeline/

http://www.isteconnects.org/2009/04/09/educational-technology-timeline/

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.toronto.ca/council/images/voting_yellow.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.toronto.ca/council/taxi_election.htm&usg=__UfD-HhXh-2Le9bAtqhqCWJsopxA=&h=900&w=900&sz=19&hl=en&start=6&tbnid=oDSf-OMwDCbR2M:&tbnh=146&tbnw=146&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dvoting%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

2000-20102001: No Child Left Behind (NCLB) legislation is passed in the reauthorization of ESEA Link to Website

2009: Economic stimulus package earmarks $90 billion for educational spending and upgrades Link to Website




ReferencesLaureate Education, Inc. (2008). The evolution of

educational technology in society, education, and the workplace. Baltimore: Author.

Toffler, A. (1980). The third wave. New York: Bantam Books.

See links to the websites for references on the timelines.

Documents

Timeline Project J. Michael Dillon Walden University Evolution of Educational Technology EDUC-8840-2 Dr. Keith Pratt, Professor August 9, 2009