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timeline
Jerry malson
1800
Robber baron- derogatory term used to describe the wealthy and powerful
1849
Karl Marx-founded Marxism a foundation for socialism and communism
1854
Andrew Carnegie-first self made man who made his fortune by purchasing stock in his company and receiving dividend and soon becoming one of the most wealthy men in American history
1859
Social Darwinism-term used to prove laisse –fair was the only way to run a market by saying through natural selection the weaker companies and people would fail
Fredrick Olmsted-spearheaded movement for urban parks and helped design central park in new York city
1862
Homestead act-offer of 160 acres of land in the west to whoever went to settle the west
Exoduster-African American who move from the south too Kansas territory after the civil way
Homesteader-person who move west after the homestead act to acquire land
1864
Sand Creek Massacre-mass slaughter of over 150 people of the Cheyenne tribe in sand creek Colorado by colonel Chivington
1866
Buffalo Soldiers-Formed September 21 1866 it was composed of all African Americans to defend and oppose the Indians in the western territories
1867
Oliver Kelley-Founder of Patrons of husbandry a social club for isolated farmers that opposed the railway companies
Literacy test-Racial test used to determine literacy of African American voters who often were cheated so they could hold no power in politics
1868
Tammany Hall-powerful democratic political machine in new York city that faced much corruption in its politicians
1869
Tweed Ring-Corrupt Politicians led by Boss tweed that was responsible for defrauding New York City for 16 billion dollars in tax revenue
George Westington- Southern Inventor who revolutionized railways by inventing the air brake
Transcontinental railroad-railroad stretching over 1,776 miles from the eastern railways to the pacific ocean
1870
National farmers alliance-united farmers against crop lien systems and the American railroad industry
Grandfather clause-Stated if a man failed the literacy test he was entitled to vote if his father or grandfather could
1872
Mail order catalog-Shopping catalogs which allowed ordering from the home revolutionizing shopping
1876
Segregation- seperation of whites and blacks in private and public facilities /
Thomas Alva Edison-Pioneer who founded the first research lab that Thomas Edison discovered the first light bulb
Alexander Bell-Inventor of the telephone and unveiled it with Thomas Watson in 1876
George Custer-Colonel of the 7th cavalry who died in the battle of little big horn against the sioux
Battle of Little Bighorn-Battle Between the 7th Cavalry and the combined forces of the sioux cheyenne and lakota where the 7th cavalry suffered losing 268 men
The telephone a device used to relay information across distances quickly is invented in 1876
Jim Crowe Laws- segregation laws to separate blacks and whites in society
1877
The Gilded Age begins a era ironically named for its intense social issues and known political corruption by Mark twain and many other idealists
Nez Perce- Tribe located in the west who battled the 7th cavalry and was led by historic figure chief Joseph
1879
Dumbbell tenements-After the tenement act of 1879 newly constructed housing in New York were shaped smaller and more like Dumbbells thus giving its name
Socialism-Economic system introduced in 1879 that the community owns the business and in theory the community receives the revenue
1880
Bessemer process-British developed technique that revolutionized the iron industry by injecting air into molten iron to remove impurities
1880
Ragtime a popular type of music played in saloons and bars alike across the west soon becomes a national success eventually leading to music like the blues, jazz and even rock and roll
1881
Assimilation or the governments plan to make the native Americans give up their beliefs and way of life to join the white culture to make then less savage is implemented
1883
Joseph Pulitzer revolutionized New York magazine by adding the coveted comic and sports sections along with women news
1884
Mugwumps or republicans leave their party to support Grover Cleveland in his election in 2884
1886
The Haymarket affair leaves 11 dead after dynamite is thrown in a crowd at a labor strike in Haymarket square
The colored Farmers Alliance is founded to help unify colored farmers rejected from the nationals farmers alliance
1887
The Dawes Act is passed splitting up Indian Reservations and redistributing the land to help Americanize the native Americans
The Interstate Commerce Commission is founded regulating the economics of transportation between states
1889
Jane Adams founds the most influential settlement house called the Chicago House helping many poor people in Chicago's slums
1890
Indians everywhere start performing the ritual known as the Ghost Dance to celebrate the foretelling of their deity the white buffalo
A massacre of Indians occurred at Wounded Knee after they were told to relinquish their arms and refused. After that American soldiers opened fire
The Sherman Antitrust act of 1890 made trust committees that affect the American economy illegal to form to preserve the balance of free market
1892
Ida B Wells Becomes her towns newspapers editor and soon starts a racial crusade by reporting racial injustice committed against African Americans
Ellis island becomes to main inlet to immigrant questioning and examination from Europe
The farmers Alliance and Greenbacks form in 1892 to make the political powerhouse known as the Omaha platform to spread their beliefs of how federal currency should be regulated
1894
Eugene V Debs forms an industrial union known as the ARU that eventually won their strike for higher wages and better living conditions
The Pullman strike of 1894 unites over 4000 laborers standing against lowered wages and higher costs of living which eventually turned into an act of violence
George Pullman lowers his workers wages and increases their cost of living to still make a profit causing mass strikes nationwide
1895
W.E.B Dubois the first colored man to attend Harvard receives his doctorate
William Hearst starts posing exaggerated tales of scandal and cruelty in the New York Morning Journal
1896
The 1896 Supreme court case of Plessey Vs. Ferguson proved detrimental for African Americans by saying that the United States could lawfully remain separate but equal enforcing segregation
1901
Jacob Riis the father of flash photography invents the camera flash and helps petition for better living conditions for tenements until finally the Tenement act of 1901 is drafted
1902
Debt Patronage is developed into a new form of slavery in which that bound employers laborers into slavery to pay off their debt
1903
Orville and Wilbur Wright, two brothers from North Carolina who experimented with engines to keep craft heavier than air afloat succeed in keeping their biplane in the air for 120 feet
1910
Angel island soon becomes the largest Chinese immigrant detainment center in 1910 receiving more than 80,000 Chinese Immigrants