Timeline of electrical and electronic engineeringFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaThe following timeline tables list the discoveries and inventions in the history of electrical and electronic engineering.[1][2]Contents 1 History of discoveries timeline 2 History of inventions timeline 3 Consumer Electronics 3.1 1843-1923: From electromechanics to electronics 3.2 1924-1959: From cathode ray tube to stereo audio and TV 4 See also 5 ReferencesHistory of discoveries timelineYearEvent

600BCEThales of Miletus discovered static electricity by rubbing fur on substances such as amber

1600English scientist William Gilbert coined the word electricus after careful experiments.

1705Francis Hauksbee made a glass ball that glowed when spun and rubbed with the hand

1720Stephen Gray discovered insulators and conductors

1745German physicist Ewald Georg von Kleist and Dutch scientist Pieter van Musschenbroek invented Leyden jars

1752Benjamin Franklin showed that lightning was electrical by flying a kite, and explained how Leyden jars work

1783French physicist Charles-Augustin de Coulomb formulated Coulomb's law

1785French mathematician Pierre-Simon Laplace developed a technique which was called Laplace transform to transform a linear differential equation to an algebraic equation. Later on his transform proved to be a valuable tool in circuit analysis.

1800Italian physicist Alessandro Volta invented battery

1820Danish physicist Hans Christian rsted accidentally discovered that the change in electric field creates magnetic field

1820One week after rsted's discovery, French physicist Andr-Marie Ampre published his law. He also proposed right hand screw rule

1825English physicist William Sturgeon developed the first electromagnet

1827German physicist Georg Ohm introduced the concept of electrical resistance

1831English physicist Michael Faraday published the law of induction (Joseph Henry developed the same law independently)

1831American scientist Joseph Henry in United States developed a prototype DC motor

1832French instrument maker Hippolyte Pixii in France developed a prototype DC generator

1836Irish priest (and later scientist) Nicholas Callan invented transformer in Ireland

1844American inventor Samuel Morse developed telegraphy and the Morse code

1850Belgian engineer Floris Nollet invented (and patented) a practical AC generator

1855First utilization of AC (in electrotherapy) by French neurologist Guillaume Duchenne

1856Belgian engineer Charles Bourseul proposed telephony

1856First electrically powered light house in England

1862Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell published four equations bearing his name

1873Belgian engineer Zenobe Gramme who developed DC generator accidentally discovered that a DC generator also works as a DC motor during an exhibit in Vienna.

1876Russian engineer Pavel Yablochkov invented electric carbon arc lamp

1876Scottish inventor Alexander Graham Bell invented telephone

1877American inventor Thomas Alva Edison invented phonograph

1877First street lighting in Paris, France

1878First hydroelectric plant in Cragside, England

1878English engineer Joseph Swan invented Incandescent light bulb

1879Thomas Alva Edison introduced a long lasting filament for the incandescent lamp.

1882First thermal power stations in London and New York

1888German physicist Heinrich Hertz proved the that electro magnetic waves travel over some distance. (First indication of radio communication)

1888Italian physicist and electrical engineer Galileo Ferraris publishes a paper on the induction motor and Serbian-American engineer Nikola Tesla gets a US patent on the same device[3][4]

1890Thomas Alva Edison invented fuse

1893During the Fourth International Conference of Electricians in Chicago electrical units in were defined

1894Russian physicist Alexander Stepanovich Popov developed a prototype of a radio receiver

1896First successful intercontinental telegram

1897German inventor Karl Ferdinand Braun invented cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO)

1900Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi succeeded in first radio broadcast

1901First transatlantic radio broadcast by Guglielmo Marconi

1904English engineer John Ambrose Fleming invented diode

1906American inventor Lee de Forest invented triode

1912American engineer Edwin Howard Armstrong developed Electronic oscillator

1919Edwin Howard Armstrong developed standard AM radio receiver

1921Metre Convention was extended to include the electrical units

1926Yagi-Uda antenna was developed by the Japanese engineers Hidetsugu Yagi and Shintaro Uda

1928First experimental Television broadcast in the US.

1929First public TV broadcast in Germany

1931First wind energy plant in the Soviet Union

1936Dudley E. Foster and Stuart William Seeley developed FM detector circuit.

1938Russian American engineer Vladimir K. Zworykin developed Iconoscope

1939Edwin Howard Armstrong developed FM radio receiver

1939Russell and Sigurd Varian developed the first Klystron tube in the US.

1941German engineer Konrad Zuse developed the first programmable computer in Berlin

1944English engineer John Logie Baird developed the first color picture tube

1947American engineers John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain together with their group leader William Shockley invented transistor.

1950French physicist Alfred Kastler invented MASER

1951First nuclear power plant plant in the US

1953First fully transistorized computer in the US

1958American engineer Jack Kilby invented the integrated circuit (IC)

1960American engineer Theodore Harold Maiman invented the LASER

1962Nick Holonyak Jr. invented the LED

2008American scientist Richard Stanley Williams invented memristor which was proposed by Leon O. Chua in 1971

History of inventions timelineThis section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2014)

[hide]Brief History of Electronics Timeline

DateInvention/DiscoveryInventor(s)

1745CapacitorLeyden

1780Galvanic actionGalvani

1800Dry cellVolta

1808Atomic theoryDalton

1812Cable insulationSommering and Schilling

1820ElectromagnetismOersted

1821ThermoelectricitySeebeck

1826Ohm's lawOhm

1831TransformerFaraday

1831Electromagnetic inductionFaraday

1832Self-inductionHenry

1834ElectrolysisFaraday

1837RelaysCooke, Wheatstone, and Davy

1839Photovoltaic effectBecquerel

1843Wheatstone bridgeChristie

1845Kirchhoff's circuit lawsKirchhoff

1850ThermistorFaraday

1860Microphone diaphragmReis

1865Radiowave propagationMaxwell

1866Transatlantic telegraph cableT.C. & M. Co.

1874Capacitors, micaBauer

1876Rolled-paper capacitorFitzgerald

1876TelephoneBell

1877PhonographEdison

1877Microphone, carbonEdison

1877Loudspeaker moving coilSiemens

1878Cathode raysCrookes

1878Carbon-filament incandescent lampSwan, Stearn, Topham, and Cross

1879Hall effectHall

1880PiezoelectricityCurie

1887Gramophone recordBerliner

1887Aerials, radiowaveHertz

1888Induction motorFerraris and Tesla

1893WaveguidesThomson

1895X-raysRoentgen

1896Wireless telegraphyMarconi

1900Old quantum theoryPlanck

1901Fluorescent lampCooper and Hewitt

1904Two-electrode tubeFleming

1905Theory of relativityEinstein

1906Radio broadcastingFessenden

1908TelevisionCampell, Swinton

1911SuperconductivityOnnes

1915SonarLangevin

1918Multivibrator circuitAbraham and Bioch

1918Atomic transmutationRutherford

1919Flip-flop circuitsEccles and Jordan

1921Crystal control of frequencyCady

1924RadarAppleton, Briet, Watson, and Watt

1927Negative-feedback amplifierBlack

1927Video camera tubeMax Dieckmann and Rudolf Hell

1930Patent of traffic signal timing systemThomas Watson awarded patent

1932NeutronChadwick

1932Particle acceleratorCrockcroft and Walton

1934Liquid crystalsDreyer

1935Transistor field effectHieil

1935Scanning electron microscopeKnoll

1937XerographyCarlson

1937OscillographVan Ardenne, Dowling, and Bullen

1939Early digital computerAitken and IBM

1943First general-purpose computer (ENIAC)Mauchly and Eckert

1943Printed circuit boardEisler

1945First commercially successful computer (UNIVAC I)N/A

1948Bipolar transistorBardeen, Bratlain, and Shockley

1948HolographyGabor and Shockley

1950ModemMIT and Bell Labs

1950Karnaugh mapping technique (digital logic)Karnaugh

1952Digital voltmeterKay

1953Unijunction transistorGEC

1954Transistor radiosetRegency

1954Solar batteryChapin, Fuller, and Pearson

1956Transatlantic telephone cableU.K. and U.S.A.

1957Sputnik I satelliteU.S.S.R.

1957FORTRAN programming languageWatson Scientific

1958Video tape recorderU.S.A.

1958LaserSchalow and Townes

1959First one-piece plain paper photocopier (Xerox 914)Xerox

1959Veroboard (Stripboard)Terry Fitzpatrick

1960Light-emitting diodeAllen and Gibbons

1961Electronic clockVogel and Cie

1962MOSFET transistorsHofstein, Heiman, and RCA

1963Electronic calculatorBell Punch Co.

1963First commercially successful audio compact cassettePhilips Corporation

1964BASIC programming languageKemeny and Kurtz

1966Optical fiber communicationsKao and Hockham

late 1960sFirst digital fax machineDacom

1969UNIX operating systemAT&T's Bell Labs

1970Floppy disk recorderIBM

1970First microprocessor (4004, 60,000 oper/s)Intel

1970First commercially available DRAM memoryIBM

1971EPROMN/A

1971PASCAL programming languageWirth

1971First microcomputer-on-a-chipTexas Instruments

19728008 processor (200kHz, 16 kB)Intel

1972Ping Pong (video game)Atari

1972First programmable word processorAutomatic Electronic Systems

19725.25-in disketteN/A

1972First modern automated teller machine (IBM 2984)IBM

1973Josephson junctionIBM

1973Tunable continuous-wave laserBell Labs

1973EthernetMetcalfe

1973Mobile phoneJohn F. Mitchell and Dr. Martin Cooper of Motorola

1974C (programming language)Kernighan, Ritchie

1974Programmable pocket calculatorHewlett-Packard

1975BASIC for personal computersAllen

1975Liquid-crystal displayUnited Kingdom

1975First personal computer (Altair 8800)Roberts

1975Digital cameraSteven Sasson of Eastman Kodak

1975Integrated optical circuitsReinhart and Logan

1975Microsoft foundedGates and Allen

1975Omni-font optical character recognition systemNuance Communications

1975CCD flatbed scannerKurzweil Computer Products

1975Text-to-speech synthesisKurzweil Computer Products

1975First commercial reading machine for the blind (Kurzweil Reading Machine)Kurzweil Computer Products

1976Apple I computerWozniak, Jobs

1977Launch of the "1977 trinity computers" expanding home computing, the Apple II, Commodore PET and the TRS-80Apple, Tandy Corporation, Commodore Business Machines

1977First handheld electronic game (Auto Race)Mattel

1978Space Invaders (video game)Taito

1978WordPerfect 1.0Satellite Software

19803.5-in floppy (2-sided, 875 kB)N/A

1980Commodore 64Commodore Business Machines

1981IBM Personal Computer (8088 processor)IBM

1981MS-DOS 1.0Microsoft

1982Laser printerIBM

1982First commercially marketed large-vocabulary speech recognitionKurzweil Applied Intelligence and Dragon Systems

1983Satellite televisionU.S. Satellite Communications, Inc.

1983"Wet" solar cellGermany/U.S.A.

1983First built-in hard drive (IBM PC-XT)IBM

1983Microsoft WordMicrosoft

1983C++ (programming language)Stroostrup

1984Macintosh computer (introduced)Apple Computer

1984CD-ROM player for personal computersPhilips

1984First music synthesizer (Kurzweil K250) capable of recreating the grand piano and other orchestral instrumentsKurzweil Music Systems

1985300,000 simultaneous telephone conversations over single optical fiberAT&T, Bell Laboratory

1985Nintendo Entertainment SystemNintendo

1987Warmer superconductivityKarl Alex Mueller

198780386 microprocessor (25MHz)Intel

1989Sega Genesis (console)Sega

1989First commercial handheld GPS receiver (Magellan NAV 1000)Magellan Navigation Inc.

1989Silicon-germanium transistorsIBM fellow Bernie Meyerson

1990486 microprocessor (33MHz)Intel

1994Pentium processor (60/90MHz, 166.2 mips)Intel

1994BluetoothEricsson

1994First DVD player ever madeTatung Company

1995PlayStation (console)Sony Computer Entertainment

1996Alpha 21164 processor (550MHz)Digital Equipment

1996P2SC processor (15 million transistors)IBM

1997Deep Blue (IBM RS/6000SP supercomputer) defeats world chess champ Garry KasparovIBM

2001Xbox (console)Microsoft

2001iPodApple Inc.

2007iPhoneApple Inc.

2011IBM Watson defeated two of Jeopardy's greatest championsIBM

2011Wii (console)Nintendo

Consumer ElectronicsThis article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in the German Wikipedia. (September 2014) Click [show] on the right to read important instructions before translating.[show]

1843-1923: From electromechanics to electronics

Thomas Edison's phonograph 1843: Watchmaker Alexander Bain (inventor) develops the basic concept of displaying images as points with different brightness values. 1848: Frederick Collier Bakewell invents the first wirephoto machine, an early fax machine 1861: Grade school teacher Philipp Reis presents his telephone in Frankfurt, inventing the loudspeaker as a by-product. 1867: French poet and philosopher Charles Cros (1842 - 1888) presents the construction principle of a phonograph in his 'parophone', which turned out not to be a commercial success at the time. 1867: James Clerk Maxwell (1831 - 1879) develops a theory predicting the existence of electromagnetic waves and establishes Maxwell's equations to describe their properties. Together with the Lorentz force law, these equations form the foundation for classical electrodynamics and classical optics as well as electric circuits. 1874: Ferdinand Braun discovers the rectifier effect in metal sulfides and metal oxides. 1877: Thomas Edison (1847 - 1931) invents the first phonograph, using a tin foil cylinder. For the first time sounds could be recorded and played. A phonograph horn with membrane and needle was arranged in such a way that the needle had contact to the tinfoil. 1880: the American physicist Charles Sumner Tainter discovers that many disadvantages of Edison's cylinders can be eliminated if the soundtrack is arranged in spiral form and engraved in a flat, round disk. Technical problems soon ended these experiments. Still, Tainter is regarded as the inventor of the gramophone record. 1884: Paul Nipkow obtains a patent for his Nipkow disk, an image scanning device that reads images serially, which constitutes the foundation for mechanical television. Two years later his patent runs out. 1886: Heinrich Hertz succeeds in proving the existence of electromagnetic waves for the first time - now the groundwork for wireless telegraphy and radio broadcasting in physical science is laid. 1887: Unaware of Charles Sumner Tainter's experiments, German-American Emil Berliner has his phonograph patented. The turntable rotates at 150 RPM and is operated by a crank handle. A steel needle reads the data and transfers the vibrations mechanically to a membrane inside the horn. Berliner used a disk instead of a cylinder primarily to avoid infringing on Edison's patent. Quickly it becomes obvious that flat Gramophone records are easier to duplicate and store. 1888: Alexander Graham Bell (1847 - 1922) significantly reduces interfering noises by using a wax cylinder instead of tin foil. This paves the way to commercial success for the improved phonograph. American Oberlin Smith describes a process to record audio using a cotton thread with integrated fine wire clippings. This makes reel-to-reel audio tape recording possible. 1890: The phonograph becomes faster and more convenient due to an electric motor. The electric motor brings on the first juke box with cylinders - even before flat disk records were widely available. Thomas Edison discovers thermionic emission. To this day, this effect forms the basis for the vacuum tube and the cathode ray tube. approximately 1893: The invention of the selenium phototube allows the conversion of brightness values into electrical signals. The principle is applied in wirephoto and television technology for a short time. Selenium is used in light meters for the next 50 years.

Cinmatographe camera by the Lumire brothers in 1895 (ref 86.5822) at the French Museum of Photography in Bivres, Essonne, France 1895: Auguste Lumiere's cinematograph displays moving images for the first time. In the same year, brothers Emil and Max Skladanowsky present their "Bioscop" in Berlin. 1897 Ferdinand Braun invents the "inertialess cathode ray oscillograph tube", a principle which remained unchanged in television picture tubes. The Italian Guglielmo Marconi transmits wireless telegraph messages by electromagnetic waves over a distance of five kilometers. 1898 The Danish physicist Valdemar Poulsen creates the world's first magnetic recording and reproduction, using a 1mm thick steel wire as a magnetizable carrier. Nikola Tesla demonstrated the first wireless remote control of a model ship. 1899: The dog "Nipper" is used in "His Master's Voice", the trademark for gramophones and records. 1902 Otto von Bronk patented his "Method and apparatus for remote visualization of images and objects with temporary resolution of the images in parallel rows of dots". This patent, originally developed for phototelegraphy, impacted the development of color television, particularly the NTSC implementation. For the first time audio records are printed with paper labels in the middle. 1903: Guglielmo Marconi provides evidence that wireless telegraphic communication is possible over long distances, such as across the Atlantic. He used a transmitter developed by Ferdinand Braun. 1904 For the first time, double-sided records, and those with a diameter of 30cm are produced, increasing playing time up to 11 minutes (5.5 minutes per side). These are created by Odeon in Berlin and debuted at the Leipzig Spring Fair. The German physicist Arthur Korn developed the first practical method for telegraphy. 1905: The Englishman Sir John Ambrose Fleming invents the first electron tube. 1906 Robert von Lieben patented his "inertia working cathode-ray-relays". By 1910 he developed this into the first real tube amplifier, by creating a triode. His invention of the triode is almost simultaneously created by the American Lee de Forest. Max Dieckmann and Gustav Glage use the Braun tube for playback of 20-line black-and-white images. The first jukebox with records comes on the market. American Major General HHC Dunwoody files for a patent for a carborundum steel detector for use in a crystal radio, an improved version of the Cat's-whisker detector. It is sometimes credited as the first semiconductor in history. The envelope detector is an important part of every radio receiver. 1907: Rosenthal puts in his image telegraph for the first time a photocell. 1911: First film studios are created in Hollywood and Potsdam- Babelsberg . 1912: The first radio receiver is created, in accordance with the Audion principle. 1913: The legal battle over the invention of the electron tube between Robert von Lieben and Lee de Forest is decided. The electron tube is replaced by a high vacuum in the glass flask with significantly improved properties. Alexander Meissner patented his process "feedback for generating oscillations", by his development of a radio station using an electron tube . The Englishman Arthur Berry submits a patent on the manufacture of printed circuits by etched metal. 1915: Carl Benedicks leads basic studies in Sweden on the electrical properties of silicon and germanium. Due to the emerging tube technology, however, interest in semiconductors remains low until after the Second World War. 1917 Based on previous findings of the Englishman Oliver Lodge, the Frenchman Lucien Levy develops a radio receiver with frequency tuning using a resonant circuit. 1919: Charlie Chaplin founded the Hollywood film production and distribution company United Artists 1920: The first regularly operating radio station KDKA goes on air on 2 November 1920 in Philadelphia, USA. It is the first time electronics are used to transmit information and entertainment to the public at large. The same year in Germany an instrumental concert was broadcast on the radio from a long-wave transmitter in Wusterhausen. 1922: J. McWilliams Stone invents the first portable radio receiver. George Frost builds the first "car radio" in his Ford Model T. 1923 The 15 year old Manfred von Ardenne is granted his first patent for an electron tube having a plurality of electrodes. Siegmund Loewe (1885-1962) builds with the tube his first radio receiver "Loewe Opta-". The Hungarian engineer Dnes Mihly patented an image scanning with line deflection, in which each point of an image is scanned ten times per second by a selenium cell. August Karolus (1893-1972) invents the Kerr cell, an almost inertia-free conversion of electrical pulses into light signals. He was granted a patent for his method of transmitting slides. Vladimir Kosma developed the first television camera tube, the Ikonoskop, using the Braun tube. The German State Secretary Karl August Bredow founded the first German broadcasting organization. By lifting the ban on broadcast reception and the opening of the first private radio station, the development of radio as a mass medium begins.1924-1959: From cathode ray tube to stereo audio and TV 1924: the first radio receivers are exhibited at the Berlin Radio Show 1925 Brunswick Records in Dubuque, Iowa produced their first record player, the Brunswick Panatrope with a pickup, amplifier and loudspeaker In the American Bell Laboratories, a method for recording of records obtained by microphone and tube amps for series production. Also in Germany working on it is ongoing since 1922. 1925 appear the first electrically recorded disks in both countries. At the Leipzig Spring Fair, the first miniature camera "Leica" is presented to the public. John Logie Baird performs the first screening of a living head with a resolution of 30 vertical lines using a Nipkow disk. August Karolus demonstrated in Germany television with 48 lines and ten image changes per second. 1926 Edison developed the first "LP". By dense grooves (16 grooves on 1mm) and the reduction of speed to 80 min -1 (later 78 min -1 ) increases the playing time up to 2 times 20 minutes. He carries himself with the decline of his phonograph business. The German State Railroad offers a cordless telephone service in moving trains between Berlin and Hamburg - the idea of mobile telephony is born. John Logie Baird developed the first commercial television set in the world. It was not until 1930, he is called a " telescreen sold "at a price of 20 pounds. 1927 The first fully electronic music boxes ("Jukeboxes") used in the USA on the market. German Grammophon on sale due to a license agreement with the Brunswick-Balke-Collender Company. Its first fully electronic turntables. The first industrially manufactured car radio , the "Philco Transitone" from the "Storage Battery Co." in Philadelphia, USA, comes on the market. The first shortwave radio - Rundfunkbertragung overseas broadcast by the station PCJJ the Philips factories in Eindhoven in the Dutch colonies. Opening of the first regular telegraphy -Dienstes between Berlin and Vienna. First commercial sound films ("The Jazz Singer", USA) using the "Needle sound" back in sync with the film screening for LPs over loudspeakers. First public television broadcasts in the UK by John Logie Baird between London and Glasgow and in the USA by Frederic Eugene Ives (1882-1953) between Washington and New York. The American inventor Philo Taylor Farnsworth (1906-1971) developed in Los Angeles, the first fully electronic television system in the world. John Logie Baird developed the first videodisc player. 30-line television images are stored on shellac records. At 78 RPM mechanically scanned, the images can be played back on his "telescreen". It could not play sound nor keep up with the rapidly increasing resolution of television. Therefore, it takes more than 40 years before the first commercial optical disc players come onto the market. 1928: Fritz Pfleumer gets the first tape recorder patent. It replaces steel wire with paper coated in iron powder. According to Valdemar Poulsen (1898) to the second crucial pioneer of magnetic sound, image and data storage Dnes Mihly presented in Berlin a small circle, the first authentic television broadcast in Germany, having worked at least since 1923 in this field. August Karolus and the company Telefunken put on the "fifth Great German Radio Exhibition Berlin 1928" the prototype of a television receiver, with an image size of 8cm 10cm and a resolution of about 10,000 pixels, a much better picture quality than previous devices. Meanwhile, there are in New York (USA) already the first regular television broadcasts of the experiment station WGY, which the General Electric Company (GE) operates. Irregular television news and dramas radiate from these stations by 1928. Also in the USA the first commercially produced television receiver of the Daven Corporation in Newark is offered for $75. John Logie Baird transmits the first television pictures internationally, and the same across the Atlantic from London to New York. He also demonstrated the world's first color television transmission in London. 1929 Edison withdraws from the phono business - the disk has ousted the cylinder. The company Columbia Records developed the first portable record player that can be connected to each tube radio. It also created the first radio / phonograph combinations, the usual precursor to the 1960s music chests. The German physicist Curt Stille (1873-1957) leads the "German Cinema Society" a magnetic sound system before, using a perforated steel band as phonograms. First, this "Magnettonverfahren" has no success. Only much later it is rediscovered for amateur films, because it provides an easy way for dubbing. Before silence has been a "Daylygraph" developed called Magnettongert with amplifier and equalizer and a mature Magnettondiktiergert called "Textophon". Based on patents, which he had purchased of silence, brings the Englishman E. Blattner the " Blattnerphone "the first magnetic sound recording on the market. It records on a thin steel band. The first sound film using optical sound premiers. Since the early 1920s, various people have developed this method. The same optoelectronic method also allows for the first time the post-processing of recorded music to sound recordings of it. The director Carl Froelich (1875-1953) turns "The Night Belongs to Us", the first German sound film. 20th Century Fox presents in New York on an 8 m 4 m big screen the first widescreen movie. The radio station Witzleben begins in Germany with the regular broadcasting of television test broadcasts, initially on long wave with 30 lines (= 1,200 pixels) at 12.5 image changes per second. It appear first blueprints for television receiver. John Logie Baird starts in the UK on behalf of the BBC with regular experimental television broadcasts to the public. Frederic Eugene Ives transmits a color television from New York to Washington. 1930 Manfred von Ardenne invented and developed the flying-spot scanner, Europe's first fully electronic television camera tube. In Britain, the first television advertising and the first TV interview 1931 The British engineer and inventor Alan Dower Blumlein (1903-1942) invents "Binaural Sound", today called "Stereo". He developed the stereo record and the first three-way speaker. He makes experimental films with stereo sound. Then he becomes leader of the development team for the EMI -405-line television system. The company RCA Victor presents to the public the first real LP record, the 35cm diameter and 33.33 RPM give sufficient playing time for an entire orchestral work. But the new turntables are initially so expensive that they are only gain broad acceptance after the Second World War - then as vinyl record. The French physicist Ren Barthlemy leads in Paris the first public television with clay before. The BBC launches first Tonversuche in the UK. Public World Premiere of electronic television - without electro-mechanical components such as the Nipkow disk - on the "eighth Great German Radio Exhibition Berlin 1931 ". Doberitz / Pomerania is the first German location for a tone-TV stations. Manfred von Ardenne can be the principle of a color picture tube patent: Narrow strips of phosphors in the three primary colors are closely juxtaposed arranged so that they complement each other with the electron flow to white light. A separate control of the three colors has not yet provided. 1932 The company AEG and BASF start for the magnetic tape method of Fritz Pfleumer to care (1928). They develop new devices and tapes, in which celluloid is used instead of paper as a carrier material. In Britain, the BBC sends first radio programs time-shifted instead of live. The company telephone and radio apparatus factory Ideal AG (today Blaupunkt) provides a car radio using Bowden cables to control it from the steering column. 1933 After the Nazi seizure of power in Germany is broadcasting finally a political tool. Systematic censorship is to prevent opposition and spread the "Aryan culture". Series production of the " People's recipient VE 301 "starts. Edwin Howard Armstrong demonstrates that frequency-modulated (FM) radio transmissions are less susceptible to interference than amplitude-modulated (AM). However, practical application is long delayed. In the USA the first opened drive-in theater. 1934: First commercial stereo recordings find little favor - the necessary playback devices are still too expensive. The term "High Fidelity" is embossed around this time. 1935 AEG and BASF place at the Berlin Radio Show, the tape recorder " Magnetophon K1 "and the appropriate magnetic tapes before. In case of fire in the exhibition hall all four exhibited devices are destroyed. In Germany the world's first regular television program operating for about 250 mostly public reception points starts in Berlin and the surrounding area. The mass production of television receivers is - probably due to the high price of 2,500 Reichsmarks - not yet started. At the same time, the research institute of the German Post (RPF) begins with development work for a color television methods , but which are later reinstated due to the Second World War. 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin broadcast live. "Olympia suitcase", battery-powered portable radio receiver, introduced. The first mobile television camera (180 lines, all-electronic) is used for live television broadcasts of the Olympic Games. Also in the UK are first regular television broadcasts - now for the perfect electronic EMI system, which soon replaced the mechanical part Baird system - broadcast. Video telephony connections between booths in Berlin and Leipzig. Later connections from Berlin to Nuremberg and Munich added. The Frenchman Raymond Valtat reports on a patent, which describes the principle of working with binary numbers abacus. Konrad Zuse works on a dual electromechanical computing machine that is ready in 1937. 1937 First sapphire needle for records of the company Siemens The interlace method is introduced on TV in order to reduce image flicker. The transmitter Witzleben now radiates television to the new standard with 441 lines and 25 image changes, i.e. 50 fields of each 220 half-line from. Until the HDTV era into the interlace or interlace method remains in use. First movie encoder make it possible not to send the TV live, but to rely on recordings. 1938 The improved AEG tape-recorder " Magnetophon K4 "is first used in radio studios. The belt speed is 77 cm / s, which at 1000 m length of tape a playing time of 22 minutes results. Werner Flechsig invents with the shadow mask method for separate control of the three primary colors in a color picture tube. 1939 On the "16th Great German Radio and television broadcasting exhibition Berlin 1939 ", the" German Unity television receiver E1 "and announces the release of free commercial television. Due to the difficult political and economic situation, only about 50 devices are sold instead of the planned 10,000. In the USA the first regular television broadcasts take place. 1940 The development of television technology for military purposes increases the resolution to 1029 lines at 25 frames per second. Commercial HDTV television reached that resolution almost half a century later. The problem of band noise with tape devices is reduced dramatically by the invention of radio frequency bias of Walter Weber and Hans-Joachim von Braunmhl. 1942: The first all-electronic computer is used by John Vincent Atanasoff completed, but quickly fades into oblivion. Four years later the ENIAC completed - the beginning of the end of Electromechanics in computers and calculators. 1945-1947: American soldiers capture in Germany some tape recorders. This and the nullity German patents leads to the development of the first tape recorders in the United States. The first home device " Sound Mirror "by the Brush Development Co. is there on the market. 1948 The American physicist and Industrial Edwin Herbert Land (1909-1991) launches the first instant camera, Polaroid camera Model 95 on the market. Three American engineers at Bell Laboratories (John Bardeen , Walter Brattain and William Shockley example ) invent the transistor. Its lesser size and power compared with electron tubes brings (from 1955) portable radio receivers starting its march through all areas of electronics. The Hungarian-American physicist Peter Carl Goldmark (1906-1977) invents the vinyl record (first published 1952), much less noisy than their predecessors shellac. Thanks to micro-groove (100 grooves per cm) can play 23 minutes per side. The LP is born. This one is the redemption of the claim "high fidelity one step closer" to the end of the shellac era. The Radio Corporation of America (RCA) leads the music format with 45 RPM records, later to conquer the market for cheap players. The first publication in Germany in this format appears 1953rd The British physicist Dennis Gabor (1900-1979) invents holography. This method of recording and reproducing image with coherent light allows three-dimensional images. It was not until 1971 when the procedure gained practical importance, he received the Nobel Prize for Physics. 1949 In Germany, the first ultra-short (take FM -) channels on their regular program operation. Experimentally since 1943, series production since 1949 there are for professional use stereo - Tonbandgerte and matching ribbons. Also portable devices for reporters, initially propelled by a spring mechanism, has been around since 1949 1950 In the USA the first finished recorded are audio tapes marketed. Also in the USA brings the company Zenith the first TV with cable remote control for channel selection on the market. 1951 The CBS (Columbia Broadcasting System) broadcasts in New York the first color television program in the world, but using the field sequential standard, not reaching to the resolution of the black and white television and was to be incompatible. With the " tape recorder F15 "from AEG 's first home tape recorder appears on the German market. RCA Electronic Music is the first synthesizer prior to the creation of artificial electronic sounds. 1952 Reintroduction of regular television broadcasts in Germany after the Second World War. 20th Century Fox developed with "Cinemascope" the most successful wide-screen process to better compete with television. Only some 50 years later pulls the TV with the 16: 9 size screen after. 1953 The "National Television System Committee" (Abbreviated as NTSC) normalized in the USA named after her black-and-white-compatible NTSC -Farbfernseh process. A year later, this method is introduced in the United States. The car radio top model "Mexico" from Becker for the first time to an FM area (in mono) and an automatic tuning. 1954 RCA developed for the first apparatus for recording video signals on magnetic tapes. 22km magnetic tape are needed per hour. By 1956, succeeds the company Ampex through the use of multiple tracks, the tape speed to more practicable 38.1cm / s lower. The European Broadcasting Union is founded "Euro Vision". First regular television broadcasts in Japan. 1955 The second generation "TRADIC" (Transistorized Digital Computer), first to use only transistors therefore much smaller and more powerful than its predecessor tube computers. The Briton Narinder S. Kapany investigated the propagation of light in fine glass fibers (optical fibers). The first wireless remote control for a television US-based Zenith consists of a better flashlight, with which one lights up in one of the four devices corners to turn the unit on or off, change the channel or mute the sound. 1956 The company Metz introduces radio device type 409 / 3D. First mass production of printed circuit boards. This follows since the 1930s, several improvements to the manufacturing technology. The company Ampex introduces the "VR 1000" the first video recorder. That same year, CBS uses it for the first magnetic video tape recording (VTR) from. Although other programs are produced in color since 1954, the VTR cannot record color. 1957: The Frenchman Henri de France (1911-1986) developed the first generation of color TV system SECAM ( Systme lectronique couleur avec mmoire ), which avoids some of the problems of the NTSC method. The weaknesses of the SECAM system be fixed in later modifications of the standard for the most part. 1958 By merging the Edison patents and the Berliner, Blumlein recording method is stereo - Schallplatten commercially viable. The company Mercury Records launches the first stereo record on the market. The company Ampex expands the video recorder with the Model "VR 1000 B" to the color capability.