TM HIU V TP CH KHOA HC1. M s chun quc t ISSN ISSN (International Standard Serial Number) l mt dy s c nht gm tm ch s, l m s chun quc t cho 1 n phm xut bn nh k (tp ch, bo, k yu hi tho). Khi c ch s ISSN, tp ch s c quc t tha nhn chnh thc v gii thiu trn quy m ton cu. M ISSN c cp pht bi Trung tm Quc t ISSN Paris, Php. Trung tm ny l mt t chc quc t thnh lp nm 1974 qua mt tha thun gia UNESCO v chnh ph Php. Trung tm c mt c s d liu cha tt c ISSN c cp trn th gii. ISSN khc vi s xt chn v phn loi cht lng tp ch khoa hc ca Vin Thng tin Khoa hc Hoa K (Institute for Scientific Information, ISI) hoc Scopus ca NXB Elsevier (H Lan). ISSN ca mt tp ch khng lin quan n cht lng khoa hc ca cc bi bo c ng trong . Danh sch ISSN ny bao hm rng hn rt nhiu so vi danh sch ISI v Scopus. Vit Nam vn cn khng t tp ch cha ng k c cp ch s ISSN. T nm 2012, ch nhng bi bo khoa hc c ng cc tp ch c ch s ISSN mi c Hi ng Chc danh gio s cc cp xem xt, tnh im.2. Phn loi ISIISI - Vin Thng tin khoa hc Hoa K (Institute for Scientific Information) hin nay l mt b phn ca hng Thomson Reuteurs, xt chn cht lng ca cc tp ch trn th gii kht khe v k lng a vo c s d liu ca h. Mc d vn cn c nhng kin cha thng nht, nhng ISI vn l mt trong rt t cch phn loi c tha nhn v s dng rng ri trn ton th gii.Cht lng ca cc tp ch ISI ch yu c nh gi da trn ch s nh hng (Impact Factor, IF). ISI bao hm 4 danh sch tp ch: SCI, SCIE, SSCI v A&HCI vi khong 14.000 tp ch c cht lng cao, trong tng s hng trm nghn tp ch trn th gii:

Hnh 1. S lng tp ch khoa hc

Ghi ch: SCI (Science Citation Index) - gm cc tp ch lnh vc khoa hc t nhin, k thut, cng ngh

SCIE (Science Citation Index Expanded) - gm cc tp ch thuc lnh vc khoa hc t nhin, k thut, cng ngh m rng

SSCI (Social Science Citation Index) - gm cc tp ch thuc lnh vc khoa hc x hi

A&HCI (Arts & Humanities Citation Index) - gm cc tp ch thuc lnh vc ngh thut v nhn vn

Nhng tp ch c lit k trong tp SCI c thay i/cp nht hng nm (thng) da trn cc tiu ch khc nhau (v d nh ch s trch dn..vv) Khi khng cng b cc kt qu nghin cu trn cc tp ch ISI th cc trng i hc, cc c s nghin cu khoa hc s khng c lt vo bng xp hng quc t no. Cho n nay, Vit Nam cha c tp ch khoa hc no c lt vo danh sch ISI a ch tm kim thng tin chi tit ca 4 danh sch ny: SCI: http:// http://ip-science.thomsonreuters.com/cgi-bin/jrnlst/jloptions.cgi?PC=K SCIE: http:// http://ip-science.thomsonreuters.com/cgi-bin/jrnlst/jloptions.cgi?PC=D

SSCI: http://ip-science.thomsonreuters.com/cgi-bin/jrnlst/jloptions.cgi?PC=SS

3. A&HCI: http://www.thomsonscientific.com/cgi-bin/jrnlst/jloptions.cgi?PC=H4. Phn loi Scopus

Ngun c s d liu Scopus c xy dng t thng 11 nm 2004 ca Elsevier (H Lan). Ngun Scopus ch bao gm cc bi bo xut bn t nm 1995 tr li y. c lit k vo danh sch Scopus, cc tp ch cng c la chn nghim ngt. S lng tp ch nm trong Scopus gn gp i s lng nm trong ISI, nhng khng bao gm tt c m ch cha khong 70% s lng tp ch ca ISI. Cch nh gi cht lng cc tp ch ca Scopus cng da vo ch s nh hng IF. Trang web ca Scopus (http://www.scopus.com) rt tin ch khi s dng cho nhiu mc ch khc nhau, t tra cu ti liu n nh gi tnh hnh nghin cu khoa hc ca cc c nhn v cc c s o to, nghin cu, ... Cc s liu ca Scopus c SCIMAGO s dng nh gi, xp hng cc tp ch khoa hc v cc c s khoa hc. Theo s liu , trong s hn 2.800 c s nghin cu mnh trn th gii, Vit Nam c tn 4 n v c tn trong bng xp hng: Vin Hn lm Khoa hc cng ngh Vit Nam (VAST), HQG TP HCM (VNU-HCM), HQG H Ni (VNU-Hanoi) v H Bch Khoa H Ni (Hanoi UST). c bit, trang web SCIMAGO (http://scimagojr.com) m min ph, trong cc tp ch c xp hng chung v xp hng theo tng lnh vc v ngnh hp, rt thun tin tra cu. Va qua tp ch ton hc Acta Mathematica Vietnamica ca Vin Ton hc (Vin KH-CN Vit Nam) ln u tin c lt vo danh sch Scopus. Cc quc gia trong cng ng ASEAN nh Malaysia c 48 tp ch v Thi Lan c 21 tp ch c cng nhn xp vo h thng Scopus.5. Cc ch s nh gi tp ch khoa hc

5.1. Ch s nh hng IF Impact factor IMPACT FACTOR - IF l mt trong nhng ch s c s dng xp hng cc tp ch khoa hc trn th gii. IF l s ln trch dn hay tham kho trung bnh cc bi bo m tp ch cng b hai nm trc. V d: nu nm 2000 tp san ABC cng b 100 bi bo, v 2 nm sau 100 bi ny c trch dn 2000 ln, th IF ca ABC c tnh l 2000/100 = 20. Do , nhng cng trnh nghin cu c cng b trn cc tp ch c h s nh hng cao, v d nh Science, Nature, ..., thng c cht lng khoa hc rt cao. Tuy nhin, h s nh hng ca tp ch cng cn ph thuc vo cc ngnh khoa hc khc nhau. Nhng tp san ngnh khoa hc x hi thng c IF thp hn cc tp san khoa hc t nhin v y sinh hc. Do , IF ch c ngha trong mi chuyn ngnh, ch rt kh so snh gia cc ngnh. Tuy nhin, i vi cc tp san khoa hc tng qut nh Science hay Nature th IF c xem nh l tiu chun vng cc tp san khc so snh.

Hn ch:

Hn ch ln nht ca IF l ch s ny ch phn nh tm nh hng trong vng 2 nm. Nhng mt s nghin cu gn y cho thy thi gian 2 nm c l qu ngn nh gi tm nh hng; phn ln cc ngnh khoa hc, thi gian cn thit nh gi l 5 nm. Nu sau 5 nm m vn chng c ai trch dn cng trnh nghin cu th c th cho thy nghin cu khng c nh hng g. (D nhin, khng loi tr vi trng hp him hoi c cng trnh i hi 20 nm sau mi c ghi nhn).

Vn th hai ca IF l cch tnh s ln trch dn khng xem xt n uy danh ca tp san trch dn. hiu vn , chng ta th so snh 2 tp san nh sau:

Tp san A cng b 50 bi, v nhn c 90 ln trch dn t nhng tp san danh ting (nh Science, Nature, PNAS, Cell) v 10 ln trch dn t nhng tp san t China;Tp san B cng cng b 50 bi, v nhn c 10 ln trch dn t nhng tp san danh ting, v 90 ln trch dn t nhng tp san t China. Theo cch tnh ch s IF th hai tp san trn c IF nh nhau (100 / 50 = 2). Nhng nu nhn k, chng ta thy tp san A chc phi c uy danh cao hn tp san B, v A c nhiu tp san danh ting trch dn hn tp san B. 5.2. Ch s EF - Eigenfactor khc phc nhng yu im ca IF, hai nh khoa hc M Jevin West v Carl Bergstrom (H Washington) xut mt ch s mi nh gi tm nh hng ca mt tp san. H gi l ch s Eigenfactor (EF). Ch s EF vn da vo s ln trch dn, nhng l s ln trch dn trong 5 nm (ch khng phi 2 nm nh IF). Nh c ln cp trc y, thi gian 5 nm l l tng nh gi tm nh hng ca mt cng trnh khoa hc. H s tng quan gia s ln trch dn trong vng 5 nm v tng s ln trch dn l khong 0.81-0.91 cho ngnh y sinh hc, 0.85 cho ho hc, 9.75 cho ton hc, 0.87 cho vt l, v 0.79 cho khoa hc x hi.

Ngoi ra, EF cn cho trng s ca nhng tp san trch dn, v do , khc phc mt yu im quan trng ca IF. Nu tp san cng b nhng bi bo c cc tp san danh ting khc trch dn th l mt tn hiu cho thy tp san thuc vo ng cp cao.

4.3. Ch s AIJevin West v Carl Bergstrom cn xut mt ch s khc c tn l Article Influence (AI). Ch s AI o lng tm nh hng ca nhng bi bo trong tp san. AI c tnh bng cch ly EF chia cho s bi bo tp san cng b v chun ho sao cho AI trung bnh l 1. Ni cch khc, nu mt tp san c AI bng 0.1 th tp san c tm nh hng thp hn trung bnh (l 1), nhng nu tp san c AI 1.2 th tm nh hng ca tp san cao hn trung bnh 20%.

Ngy nay, ch s EF v AI cng ngy cng ph bin. Ngay c Thomson ISI cng s dng hai ch s ny xp hng cc tp san khoa hc. Trong tng lai gn, c l ISI s a EF v AI chnh thc lm ch s nh gi uy tn v tm nh hng ca tp san, v cng l mt cch thay th ch s IF.

Cc nh khoa hc pht kin ch s EF v AI cn lp ra mt website tt c chng ta c th tra cu tng tp san. a ch trang web l http://eigenfactor.org. Tuy ch s EF ang c gii nghin cu v nh gi khoa hc ch , nhng ch s ny cng c mt s hn ch:

Rt kh kim tra gi nh ng sau cch tnh ton. Phng php tnh ton cng rt phc tp, nn rt kh hiu chnh xc ch s EF c ngha tht l g. Tuy nhin, mt phn tch gn y cho thy ch s EF c tng quan rt cao vi IF (h s tng quan l 0.93). Do , d EF c ci tin v mt l thuyt, nhng trong thc t th chng khc my so vi IF. Trong trng hp ny, c th ni rng ch s IF (d b ch trch v ph phn rt nhiu) vn c gi tr thc t ca n v rt d hiu. C l phng php Eigenfactor cung cp cho chng mt cch nh gi khch quan hn l da vo c hai IF v AI xp hng tp san khoa hc.

4.4. Ch s H

Nm 2005, nh vt l ngi M Jorge Hirsch ca i hc California San Diego a thm ch s H (H-index) nh gi cc kt qu khoa hc v lm c s so snh ng gp khoa hc ca cc nh khoa hc khc nhau (trong cng lnh vc). Theo Jorge Hirsch th mt nh khoa hc c ch s H nu trong s N cng trnh ca ng ta c H cng trnh khoa hc (H < N) c s ln trch dn ca mi bi t c t H tr ln. Nh vy, ch s H cha ng c c hai thng tin: s lng (s cc bi bo c cng b) v cht lng, tm nh hng (s ln c cc nh khoa hc khc trch dn) ca hot ng khoa hc.

Jorge Hirsch cng xem xt ch s H cho mt s nh khoa hc v a ra nhn xt rng, trong lnh vc vt l l thuyt, cc nh khoa hc M thnh cng (successful) s c ch s H = 20 sau 20 nm; mt nh khoa hc ni ting (outstanding) s c ch s H = 40 sau 20 nm; thin ti khoa hc (truly unique individual) s c ch s H = 60 sau 20 nm. Jorge Hirsch cng ngh rng M mt nh khoa hc c th b nhim ph gio s (associate professor) nu c ch s H khong 12 v gio s (full professor) nu H vo khong 18. Cc nh khoa hc c gii thng Nobel thng c ch s H trong khong t 35 n 100. Ch s H cao nht ca mt s lnh vc khc nh ho - l: 100, sinh hc: 160, khoa hc my tnh: 70, trong khi lnh vc kinh t hc c ch s H vo khong 40.

Hin nay vic tm ch s H ca bt c nh khoa hc hc no u rt n gin nh trang web ca Scopus.

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Trn Vn Nhung, Mt vi thng tin v m s chun quc t cho tp ch v sch, v s phn loi tp ch khoa hc v cch trnh by mt bi bo trong tp ch khoa hc. Truy cp ngy 2 thng 6 nm 2015 t http://www.vsl.vnu.edu.vn/home/content/ma-so-chuan-quoc-te-cho-tap-chi-sach-va-su-phan-loai-tap-chi-khoa-hoc2. Nguyn Vn Tun, nh gi tp san khoa hc: ch s Eigenfactor. Truy cp ngy 2 thng 6 nm 2015 t http://www.vncreatures.net/nl_kh_3.php.