LI NI U

LI NI U

Trc y, cng ngh thng tin cn l mt phm tr kh l xa l vi cc doanh nghip, cng ty, ngi s dng. C th ni lc by gi ngi ta khng quan tm n cng ngh thng tin ch c cc cng ty ln hay doanh nghip ln mi quan tm n vn ny v cng rt l hn ch.

Hin nay, cng ngh thng tin c xem nh l mt phn trong cuc sng ca con ngi, t tr nh n ngi gi u bit n cng ngh v hu nh cc doanh nghip, cng ty ln b g cng p dng cng ngh thng tin tng nng xut lm vic. Vy qun l cc h thng mng ca cng ty hay doanh nghip vi hng trm, thm tr hng nghn cc thit b cng ngh nh Server, PC, Router,... nn cn phi c mt c ch qun l h thng mng tt c th mang li hiu xut lm vic cng nh bo qun cc thit b tt nht.

Thy c li ch t trn nhm em tm hiu v nghin cu lm ti "Tm hiu giao thc SNMP v phn mm qun l h thng mng LAN Helper "Qua ti ny, chng em mun gii thiu giao thc SNMP v phn mm qun l h thng mng Lanhelper t c th tm hiu cch thc hot ng. ti gm cc ni dung chnh sau

Chng 1: Tng quan v qun l h thng mng

Chng 2: Giao thc qun l mng SNMP

Chng 3: Trin khai qun l h thng mng vi phn mm LANHelper

DANH T VIT TT

T vit ttTing AnhTing Vit

SNMPSimple Network Management ProtocolGiao thc qun l mng n gin

PDUprotocol data unitPhn d liu ca mt giao thc

UPSUninterruptible Power SupplyB cung cp ngun.

OIDObject Identifiernh ngha tn i tng.

MIBManagement Information BaseC s thng tin qun l

IOSInternetwork Operating SystemH iu hnh mng Cisco

RFCRequest for CommentsCc chun trong lnh vc Internet.

IETFThe Internet Engineering Task ForceT chc pht trin chun Internet

TCPTransfer Control Protocol Giao thc iu khin lp giao v n

LANLocal Area NetworkMng cc b

WANWide Area NetworkMng din rng

HTMLHyperText Markup LanguageNgn ng siu vn bn

XMLeXtensible Markup LanguageNgn ng nh du m rng

CHNG 1:TNG QUAN V QUN L H THNG MNG

1.1 Gii thiu chung v qun l h thng mng

S pht trin v hi t mng trong nhng nm gn y tc ng mnh m ti tt c cc pha cnh ca mng li, thm ch c v nhn thc nn tng v phng php tip cn Qun l mng cng l mt trong nhng lnh vc ang c nhng s thay i v hon thin mnh m trong c n lc tiu chun ha ca cc t chc tiu chun ln trn th gii v yu cu t pha ngi s dng dch v. Mt khc cc nh khai thc mng, nh cung cp thit b v ngi s dng thng s dng cc phng php chin lc khc nhau cho vic qun l mng v thit b ca mnh. Mi nh cung cp thit b thng a ra gii php qun l mng ring cho sn phm ca mnh. Trong bi cnh mng hi t hin nay, s lng thit b v dch v rt a dng v phc tp to ra cc thch thc ln trong vn qun l mng.

Nhim v ca qun l mng rt r rng v mt nguyn tc chung, nhng cc bi ton qun l c th li c phc tp rt ln. iu ny xut pht t tnh a dng ca cc h thng thit b v cc c tnh qun l ca cc loi thit b, v xa hn na l chin lc qun l phi ph hp vi cc kin trc mng v p ng yu cu ca ngi s dng. Mt lot cc thit b in hnh cn c qun l gm: My tnh c nhn, my trm, server, my vi tnh c nh, my vi tnh c ln, cc thit b u cui, cc thit b o kim, my in thoi, tng i in thoi ni b, cc thit b truyn hnh, my quay, modem, b ghp knh, b chuyn i giao thc, CSU/DSU, b ghp knh thng k, b ghp v gii gi, thit b tng thch ISDN, card NIC, cc b m ha v gii m tn hiu, thit b nn gi liu, cc gateway, cc b s l front-end, cc ng trung k, DSC/DAC, cc b lp, b ti to tn hiu, cc thit b chuyn mch, cc bridge, router v swich, tt c mi ch l mt phn ca danh sch cc thit b s phi c qun l.

Ton cnh ca bc tranh qun l phi bao gm cc qun l ti nguyn mng cng nh cc ti nguyn dch v, ngi s dng, cc ng dng h thng, cc c s d liu khc nhau trong cc loi mi trng ng dng. V mt k thut, tt c thng tin trn c thu thp , trao i v c kt hp vi hot ng qun l mng di dng cc s liu qun l bi cc k thut s dng mng truyn s liu. Tuy nhin s khc nhau cn bn gia truyn thng s liu v trao i thng tin qun l l vic trao i thng tin qun l i hi cc trng d liu chuyn bit, cc giao thc truyn thng cng nh cc m hnh thng tin chuyn bit, cc k nng chuyn bit, cc k nng chuyn bit c th thit k, vn hnh h thng qun l cng nh bin dch cc thng tin qun l v bo li, hin trng h thng, cu hnh v bo mt.

1.2 Li ch ca vic qun l h thng mng

Bit c nhng g ang xy ra trn h thng: gii php gim st h thng cho php c thng bo tnh trng hot ng cng nh ti nguyn ca h thng. Nu khng c nhng chc nng ny ta phi i cho n khi ngi dng thng bo.

Ln k hoch cho vic nng cp, sa cha: nu mt thit b ngng hot ng mt cch thng xuyn hay bng thng mng gn nh chm ti ngng th lc ny cn phi c s thay i trong h thng. H thng gim st mng cho php ta bit c nhng thng tin ny c th c nhng thay i khi cn thit.

Chn on cc vn mt cch nhanh chng: gi s my ch ca ta khng th kt ni ti c. Nu khng c h thng gim st ta khng th bit c nguyn nhn t u, my ch hay Router hay switch. Nu bit c chnh xc vn ta c th gii quyt mt cch nhanh chng.

Xem xt nhng g ang hot ng: cc bo co bng ha c th gii thch tnh trng hot ng ca h thng. l nhng cng c rt tin li phc v cho qu trnh gim st.

Bit c khi no cn p dng cc gii php sao lu phc hi: vi cc cnh bo cn thit ta nn sao lu d liu ca h thng phng trng hp h thng c th b h hi bt k lc no. Nu khng c h thng gim st ta khng th bit c c vn xy ra trc khi qu tr.

m bo h thng hot ng tt: cc t chc tn rt nhiu tin cho h thng bo mt. Nu khng c h thng gim st ta khng th bit h thng bo mt ca ta c hot ng tt hay khng.

Theo di hot ng ca cc ti nguyn dch v trn h thng: h thng gim st c th cung cp thng tin tnh trng cc dch v trn h thng, m bo ngi dng c th kt ni n ngun d liu.

c thng bo v tnh trng ca h thng khp mi ni: rt nhiu cc ng dng gim st cung cp kh nng gim st v thng bo t xa ch cn c kt ni Internet.

m bo h thng hot ng lin tc: nu t chc phc thuc nhiu vo h thng mng, th tt nht l ngi qun tr cn phi bit v x l cc vn trc khi s c nghim trng xy ra.

Tit kim chi ph: vi tt c cc l do trn, ta c th gim thiu ti a thi gian h thng ngng hot ng, lm nh hng ti li nhun ca t chc v tit kim cho vic qun l.1.3 Cc chun qun l h thng mng

cc thit b phn cng mng ca nhiu nh sn xut khc nhau c th u ni, trao i thng tin c vi nhau trong mt mng cc b th chng phi c sn xut theo cng mt chun. Di y l mt s t chc chun ha quan trng lin quan n cc thit b mng: EIA (Electronic Industry Association) TIA (Telecom Industry Association) ISO (International Standard Organization) ANSI (American National Standard Institute) IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)1.4 Cc giao thc qun l h thng mng

1.4.1 Giao thc ICMP

Giao thc ICMP (Internet Protocal) Giao thc iu khin truyn tin trn mng. Vic nh tuyn qua cc mng s dng giao thc iu khin truyn tin ICMP gi thng bo lm nhng cng vic sau: iu khin, thng bo li v cc chc nng thng tin cho TCP/IP

1.4.2 Giao thc SNMP

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) l giao thc qun l mng c. Giao thc ny c s dng rt ph bin gim st v iu khin cc thit b mng.

Giao thc SNMP c thit k cung cp mt phng thc n gin nhm qun l tp trung mng TCP/IP. Ngi qun tr c th thng qua giao thc ny qun l cc hot ng hay thay i cc trng thi h thng mng.

Giao thc SNMP c s dng qun l cc h thng Unix, Window, cc thit b mng nh router, gateway, firewall, switch, thng qua mt s phn mm cho php qun tr vi SNMP.1.4.3 Giao thc Telnet

Telnet Trong cc my da vo h iu hnh UNIX v c ni vo mng Internet, y l mt chng trnh cho php ngi s dng tin hnh thm nhp vo cc my tnh xa thng qua cc ghp ni TCP/IP.1.4.4 Giao thc RMON

RMON (Remote Monitoring) l mt c im k thut gim st tiu chun cho php mn hnh mng khc nhau v giao din iu khin cc h thng trao i d liu mng theo di.RMON cung cp qun tr mng vi s t do hn trong vic la chn thit b thm d mng gim st v giao tip vi cc tnh nng p ng nhu cu kt ni mng ring.Mt thc hin RMON thng hot ng trong mt m hnh client / server.Thit b gim st (thng c gi l "thm d" trong bi cnh ny) cha cc tc nhn phn mm RMON thu thp thng tin v phn tch cc gi d liu.Cc thit b thm d hot ng nh cc my ch v cc ng dng qun l mng m giao tip vi Manager hnh ng nh Agent.Trong khi c hai cu hnh i l v thu thp d liu s dng SNMP, RMON c thit k hot ng khc bit so vi cc h thng da trn SNMP khc: Thm d c trch nhim nhiu hn cho thu thp d liu v x l, lm gim lu lng truy cp SNMP v x l ti ca Agent Thng tin ch c chuyn n cc ng dng qun l khi c yu cu, thay v Poll v Aleart1.4.5 Giao thc DHCP

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) - giao thc cu hnh ng my ch l mt giao thc cu hnh t ng a ch IP. My tnh c cu hnh mt cch t ng v th s gim vic can thip vo h thng mng. N cung cp mt database trung tm theo di tt c cc my tnh trong h thng mng. Mc ch quan trng nht l trnh trng hp hai my tnh khc nhau li c cng a ch IP.

Nu khng c DHCP, cc my c th cu hnh IP th cng ngoi vic cung cp a ch IP, DHCP cn cung cp thng tin cu hnh khc, c th nh DNS. Hin nay DHCP c 2 version: cho DHCPv4 v DHCPv6.

1.4.6 Giao thc BOOTP

Giao thc Bootstrap ( BOOTP ) l mt giao thc cu hnh my ch c s dng trc khi DHCP c pht trin . H tr BOOTP l mt phin bn rt gn ca DHCP. Trong BOOTP , agent c xc nh bi a ch MAC ca h v c gn mt a ch IP c th. V c bn, mi agent trong mng ca bn l nh x ti mt a ch IP . Khng c a ch dao ng , mi agent mng phi c xc nh trong cu hnh BOOTP , v agent ch c th nhn c mt s lng hn ch ca thng tin cu hnh t my ch BOOTP.

Bi v DHCP c da trn BOOTP , DHCP server c th h tr agent BOOTP. Nu bn ang s dng BOOTP , bn c th ci t v s dng DHCP m khng cn bt k tc ng n agent BOOTP ca bn. h tr agent BOOTP thnh cng , bn phi xc nh a ch IP ca my ch bootstrap v cc tp tin khi ng ty chn tn ( ty chn 67) , v h tr BOOTP phi c bt cho ton b my ch hoc cc mng con khc nhau.

1.5 Cc m hnh qun l h thng mng

M hnh mng OSI l mt tiu chun ISO v y nht ca tt c cc m hnh. N c cu trc v n gii quyt tt c cc kha cnh ca qun l. Hnh di cho thy mt m hnh kin trc qun l mng OSI bao gm bn m hnh. Chng l nhng m hnh t chc, m hnh thng tin, m hnh truyn thng, v cc m hnh chc nng. Mc d, vic phn loi trn l da trn cc m hnh kin trc OSI v ch mt phn ca chng c p dng cho cc m hnh khc, chng gip chng ta hiu c bc tranh ton din v cc kha cnh khc nhau ca qun l mng.

M hnh qun l mng OSI.

1.5.1 M hnh t chc

M hnh t chc m t cc thnh phn ca qun l mng v cc mi quan h ca chng. Cho thy mt i din ca mt m hnh hai cp. i tng mng bao gm cc phn t mng nh my ch, trung tm, cu ni, thit b nh tuyn, vv

Hnh 1.1. M hnh t chc

Chng c th c phn loi thnh cc i tng hoc cc yu t qun l v khng c qun l. Cc yu t qun l c mt quy trnh qun l hot ng gi l mt i l. Cc yu t khng c qun l khng c mt quy trnh qun l hot ng trong . R rng l cc trung tm qun l c nng lc qun l xy dng vo n v do l t hn cc trung tm khng c qun l, m khng c mt i l no chy trong n. Ngi qun l giao tip vi cc i l trong cc yu t qun l.

1.5.2 M hnh thng tin

Mt m hnh thng tin lin quan n cu trc v lu tr thng tin . Hy chng ti xem xt , v d lm th no thng tin c cu trc v c lu tr trong mt th vin v c truy cp bi tt c . Mt cun sch c xc nh duy nht bi mt tiu chun quc t Book Number ( ISBN ) . N l mt nhn dng s mi ch s m cp n mt phin bn c th ca mt cun sch c th. V d, ISBN 0-13-437708-7 cp n cun sch "Tm hiu SNMP MIBs " David Perkins v Evan McGinnis . Chng ta c th cp n mt con s c th trong cun sch bng cch xc nh mt s chng v mt s con s.

V d nh , hnh. 3.1 cp n hnh 1 trong Chng 3. Nh vy, mt h thng xc nh { ISBN, Chng , hnh } xc nh duy nht i tng, m l mt nhn vt trong cun sch. " Tc gi ", " Chng " v " hnh " xc nh c php ca ba mu thng tin lin quan n con s v nh ngha ca ngha ca chng trong t in s l ng ngha lin quan n chng .

Cc i din ca cc i tng v cc thng tin c lin quan n qun l ca chng hnh thnh m hnh thng tin qun l . Nh tho lun, thng tin v cc thnh phn mng c thng qua gia cc qu trnh i l v qun l . M hnh thng tin quy nh c th c s thng tin m t i tng qun l v mi quan h gia cc i tng qun l. Cu trc xc nh c php v ng ngha ca thng tin qun l c xc nh bi cu trc ca thng tin qun l (SMI) . C s thng tin c gi l Thng tin c s qun l (MIB) . MIB c s dng bi c hai qu trnh i l v qun l lu tr v qun l thng tin trao i. MIB lin kt vi mt i l c gi l mt i l MIB v MIB lin kt vi mt gim c c ch nh l MIB qun l . MIB qun l bao gm cc thng tin v tt c cc thnh phn mng m n qun l , trong khi cc MIB lin quan n mt qu trnh i l cn phi bit nhng thng tin a phng ca n, xem MIB ca n . V d, mt qun c th c nhiu th vin . Mi th vin c mt ch s ca tt c cc sch trong v tr ca n xem MIB . Tuy nhin , ch s trung tm ti th vin chnh ca qun, trong qun l tt c cc th vin khc , c cc ch s ca tt c cc sch trong cc th vin ton cu - xem qun l MIB ca qun .

1.5.3 M hnh truyn thngChng ta tho lun trong phn trc nh th no ni dung thng tin c nh ngha (SMI) v lu tr (MIB). By gi chng ti s gii quyt cc m hnh lin kt vi thng tin c trao i gia cc h thng. Qun l d liu c truyn gia cc qu trnh i l v qun l, cng nh gia cc qu trnh qun l. Ba kha cnh cn c gii quyt trong giao tip thng tin gia hai thc th: vn chuyn phng tin trao i tin nhn ( giao thc vn chuyn ), nh dng thng ip truyn thng (ng dng giao thc), v thng ip thc t (cc lnh v phn ng).1.5.4 M hnh chc nng

Cc thnh phn m hnh chc nng ca mt m hnh OSI a ch ng dng ngi dng theo nh hng. Chng c chnh thc quy nh trong m hnh OSI v c th hin trong hnh 1.2. M hnh ny bao gm nm m hnh: qun l cu hnh, qun l li, qun l hiu qu, qun l bo mt, v qun l k ton.

Hnh 1.2 M hnh chc nngCHNG II: GIAO THC QUN L MNG SNMP

2.1 : Cc t chc tiu chun ha2.1 : Giao thc qun l SNMP

SNMP l giao thc qun l mng n gin

SNMP l "giao thc qun l mng n gin", dch t cm t "Simple Network Management Protocol". Giao thc l mt tp hp cc th tc m cc bn tham gia cn tun theo c th giao tip c vi nhau. Trong lnh vc thng tin, mt giao thc quy nh cu trc, nh dng (format) ca dng d liu trao i vi nhau v quy nh trnh t, th tc trao i dng d liu . Nu mt bn tham gia gi d liu khng ng nh dng hoc khng theo trnh t th cc bn s khng hiu hoc t chi trao i thng tin. SNMP l mt giao thc, do n c nhng quy nh ring m cc thnh phn trong mng phi tun theo. Mt thit b hiu c v hot ng tun theo giao thc SNMP c gi l "c h tr SNMP" (SNMP supported) hoc "tng thch SNMP" (SNMP compartible). SNMP dng qun l, ngha l c th theo di, c th ly thng tin, c th c thng bo, v c th tc ng h thng hot ng nh mun. VD mt s kh nng ca phn mm SNMP : + Theo di tc ng truyn ca mt router, bit c tng s byte truyn/nhn. + Ly thng tin my ch ang c bao nhiu cng, mi cng cn trng bao nhiu. + T ng nhn cnh bo khi switch c mt port b down. + iu khin tt (shutdown) cc port trn switch. SNMP dng qun l mng, ngha l n c thit k chy trn nn TCP/IP v qun l cc thit b c ni mng TCP/IP. Cc thit b mng khng nht thit phi l my tnh m c th l switch, router, firewall, ADSL gateway, v c mt s phn mm cho php qun tr bng SNMP. Gi s bn c mt ci my git c th ni mng IP v n h tr SNMP th bn c th qun l n t xa bng SNMP. SNMP l giao thc n gin, do n c thit k n gin trong cu trc bn tin v th tc hot ng, v cn n gin trong bo mt (ngoi tr SNMP version 3). S dng phn mm SNMP, ngi qun tr mng c th qun l, gim st tp trung t xa ton mng ca mnh. 2.2 Phng thc Poll v Aleart.

Phng php Poll

Nguyn tc hot ng: Trung tm gim st (manager) s thng xuyn hi nhng thng tin ca thit b cn gim st (device). Nu manager khng hi th device khng tr li, nu manager hi th device phi tr li. Bng cch hi thng xuyn, manager s lun cp nht c thng tin mi nht t device.

Hnh 2-2: Giao thc Poll

V d: ngi qun l cn theo di khi no ngi th lm xong vic. Anh ta thng xuyn hi ngi th "Anh lm xong cha ?". V ngi th s tr li "xong" hoc "cha".

Phng thc Aleart

Nguyn tc hot ng: mi khi device xy ra mt s kin (event) no th device t ng gi thng bo cho manager. Manager khng hi thng tin nh k t thit b.

Hnh 2-3: Phng thc Aleart

V d: ngi qun l cn theo di tnh hnh lm vic ca ngi th, anh ta yu cu ngi th thng bo cho anh ta khi c vn g xy ra. Ngi th s thng bo i loi nh: "cng vic t c 50%", "mi c tai nn"

Thit b ch gi nhng thng bo mang tnh s kin ch khng gi nhng thng tin thng xuyn thay i, n cng s khng gi alert nu khng c chuyn g xy ra. Chng hn khi mt port down/up th device s gi cnh bo, cn tng s byte truyn qua port s khng c device gi i v l thng tin thng xuyn thay i. Mun ly nhng thng tin thng xuyn thay i th manager phi ch ng i hi device, tc l phi thc hin phng thc poll.

So snh hai phng thc Poll v Aleart

Hai phng thc poll v alert hon ton khc nhau v c ch, mt ng dng gim st c th s dng poll hoc alert hoc c 2 ty thuc vo yu cu trong thc t

PollAlert

C th ch ng ly nhng thng tin cn thit t cc i tng mnh quan tm, khng cn ly nhng thng tin khng cn thit t nhng ngun khng quan tmTt c nhng event xy ra u c gi v manager. Manager phi lc nhng event cn thit, hoc device phi thit lp c ch gi nhng event cn thit.

C th lp bng trng thi tt c cc thng tin ca device sau khi poll qua mt lt cc thng tin . V d: device c mt port down v manager c khi ng sau , th manager s bit c port ang down sau khi poll qua mt lt tt c cc port.Nu khng c event g xy ra th manager khng bit c trng thi ca device. V d: device c mt port down v manager c khi ng sau , th manager s khng th bit c port ang down.

Trong trng hp ng truyn gia manager v device xy ra gin on c s thay i, th manager s khng th cp nht. Tuy nhin ng truyn thng sut tr li th manager s cp nht c thng bo mi nht do n lun lun poll nh k.Khi ng truyn gin on v device c s thay i th n vn gi alert cho manager, nhng alert ny khng th n c manager. Sau mc d ng truyn thng sut tr li th manager vn khng th bit c nhng g xy ra.

Ch cn ci t manager tr n tt c cc device. C th d dng thay i mt manager khc.Phi ci t tng device tr n manager. Khi thay i manager th phi ci t li trn tt c device tr v manager

Nu tn s poll thp, thi gian ch gia 2 chu k poll (poll interval) di s lm manager chm cp nht cc thay i ca device. Ngha l nu thng tin device thay i nhng vn cha n lt poll k tip th manager vn gi nhng thng tin c.Ngay khi c s kin xy ra th alert s gi n cho manager, do manager s lun c thng tin mi nht tc thi.

C th b st cc s kin: khi device c thay i, sau thay i tr li nh ban u trc khi n lt poll tip theo th manager s khng pht hin c.Manager s lun c c thng bo mi khi c s kin xy ra device. Do manager khng b st s kin no.

Bng 1: Bng sau s so snh s khc s khc bit gia 2 phng thc trn

Hai phng thc poll hay alert c nhng thun li v bt li ngc nhau, do nhiu trng hp ta nn s dng kt hp c poll ln alert t c hiu qu kt hp c hai.

2.3 : Phn loi SNMP2.1.1 SNMPv1

Cc phng thc ca SNMPv1 + GetRequest : ly thng tin ca object c OID trong bn tin. + GetNextRequest : ly thng tin ca object nm k tip object c OID trong bn tin. + SetRequest : thit lp gi tr cho object c OID trong bn tin. + GetResponse : tr v thng tin kt qu sau khi Get hoc Set. + Trap : thng bo c s kin xy ra ti agent. Agent lng nghe request cng UDP 161 cn manager nhn trap cng UDP 162.

Cu trc ca PDU GetRequest + Request-id : m s ca request. ID ny l s ngu nhin do manager to ra, agent khi gi bn tin GetResponse cho request no th n phi gi requestID ging nh lc nhn. Gia manager v agent c th c nhiu request & reponse, mt request v mt response l cng mt phin trao i khi chng c requestID ging nhau. + Error-status : nu = 0 l thc hin thnh cng khng c li, nu 0 l c li xy ra v gi tr ca n m t m li. Trong bn tin GetRequest, GetNextRequest, SetRequest th error-status lun = 0. + Error-index : s th t ca objectid lin quan n li nu c. Trong variable-bindings c nhiu objectid, c nh s t 1 n n, mt bn tin GetRequest c th ly cng lc nhiu object. + Variable-bindings : danh sch cc cp [ObjectID - Value] cn ly thng tin, trong objectId l nh danh ca object cn Cu trc ca PDU GetRequest + Request-id : m s ca request. ID ny l s ngu nhin do manager to ra, agent khi gi bn tin GetResponse cho request no th n phi gi requestID ging nh lc nhn. Gia manager v agent c th c nhiu request & reponse, mt request v mt response l cng mt phin trao i khi chng c requestID ging nhau. + Error-status : nu = 0 l thc hin thnh cng khng c li, nu 0 l c li xy ra v gi tr ca n m t m li. Trong bn tin GetRequest, GetNextRequest, SetRequest th error-status lun = 0. + Error-index : s th t ca objectid lin quan n li nu c. Trong variable-bindings c nhiu objectid, c nh s t 1 n n, mt bn tin GetRequest c th ly cng lc nhiu object.

+ Variable-bindings : danh sch cc cp [ObjectID - Value] cn ly thng tin, trong objectId l nh danh ca object cn ly, cn value khng mang gi tr. Khi agent gi bn tin tr li th n s copy li bn tin ny v in vo value bng gi tr ca object. Dng mt phn mm bt gi tin nh Wireshark bn s thy cu trc ca mt bn tin GetRequest

Cu trc Get/GetNext/Set/Response PDU

Dng mt phn mm bt gi tin nh Wireshark bn s thy cu trc ca mt bn tin GetRequest:

Trong hnh trn l cu trc mt bn tin SNMP vi PDU l GetRequest. Bao

gm cc thng tin : + Version l v1, s 0 trong ngoc l gi tr ca trng version, nu gi tr ny l 0 ngha l version1. + community l "public". + Request-id = 2142061952. + Error-status = 0, ngha l khng c li. Trong bn tin GetResponse th error-status mi c dng. + error-index = 0.

+ Phn variable-bindings bao gm 1 item, mi item l 1 cp objectid-value. + Objectid l .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0, theo mib-2 th l sysUpTime.0 + Scalar instance index = 0, y l ch s index ca sysUptime. Do mt thit b ch c mt khi nim sysUptime nn index l 0 (sysUptime.0). Nu bn request ifDescr chng hn th mi interface s c mt description khc nhau v s c index khc nhau. + Value = unSpecified. Do bn tin l GetRequest nn value s khng mang gi tr, gi tr s c ghi vo v tr v trong bn tin GetResponse. Cu trc ca PDU GetResponse

+ Request-id : m s ca request. ID ny phi ging vi request-id ca bn tin GetRequest trc .+ Error-status : mang mt trong cc gi tr noError(0), tooBig(1), noSuchName(2), badValue(3), readOnly(4), genErr(5). Nu agent ly thng tin tr li request thnh cng th error-status l noError(0).+ Objectid : nh danh ca object c tr v. Nu trc l GetRequest th objectid s ging vi objectid trong bn tin request, nu trc l GetNextRequest th objectid s l nh danh ca object nm sau (nm sau trong mib) objectid ca request.

Cu trc ca PDU GetNextRequestCu trc GetNextRequest ging vi GetRequest, ch khc byte ch ra bn tin l GetNextRequest PDU.Hnh sau l bn tin GetNextRequest vi objectid l sysContact, sau agent s gi bn tin GetReponse tr li vi objectid l sysName, v sysName nm sau sysContact trong mib. Ch request-id l ging nhau.

Cu trc ca PDU SetRequest

Cu trc SetRequest cng ging vi GetRequest, objectid-value ch ra i tng v gi tr cn set.Hnh sau l bn tin SetRequest t li tn ca thit b l "Cisco2950", tip theo

agent s gi bn tin GetResponse thng bo gi tr ca sysName sau khi set.

Cu trc ca PDU TrapCu trc ca bn tin trap ca SNMPv1 nh sau :+ Enterprise : kiu ca object gi trap. y l mt OID gip

nhn dng thit b gi trap l thit b g; nhn dng chi tit n hng sn xut, chng loi, model. OID ny bao gm mt ch s doanh nghip (enterprise number) v ch s id ca thit b ca hng do hng t nh ngha.+ Agent address : a ch IP ca ngun sinh ra trap. C th bn s thc mc ti sao li c IP ca ngun sinh ra trap trong khi bn tin IP cha gi SNMP c a ch ngun. Gi s m hnh gim st ca bn nh sau : tt c trap sender c cu hnh gi trap n mt trap receiver trung gian, gi l trap relay, sau trap relay mi gi n nhiu trap receiver cng lc; th lc ny bn tin trap nhn c ti trap receiver s c IP source l ca trap relay, trong khi IP ca ngun pht sinh trap thc s nm trong agent address.

+ Generic-trap : kiu ca cc loi trap generic.

+ Specific-trap : kiu ca cc loi trap ngi dng t nh ngha.+ Time-stamp : thi gian tnh t lc thit b c khi ng n lc gi bn tin trap, tnh bng centi giy.

+ Variable-bindings : cc cp objectID - value m t cc object c lin quan n trap.

Cu Trc PDU Trap

2.2.2 SNMP version 2

SNMPv2 tch hp kh nng lin iu hnh t manager ti manager v n v d liu giao thc mi. Kh nng lin kt iu hnh manager-manager cho php SNMP h tr qun l mng phn tn trong mt mng v gi bo co ti mt trm khc. h tr tng tc tt nht, SNMPv2 thm cc nhm cnh bo v s kin vo trong c s thng tin qun l MIB . Nhm cnh bo cho php t ngng thit lp cho cc bn tin thng bo. Nhm s kin c a ra kho thng tin Trap xc nh cc gi tr phn t MIB.

Hai n v d liu giao thc PDU ( Protocol Data Unit) l GetbulkRequest v InformRequest. Cc PDU ny lin quan ti x l li v kh nng m ca SNMPv2. X l li trong SNMPv2 i km vi cc i tng yu cu cho php trm qun l lp trnh ci t cc phng php khi phc hoc dng truyn bn tin. Kh nng m trong SNMPv2 s dng b m 64 bit (hoc 32) duy tr trng thi ca cc lin kt v giao din.

Hnh 2.12 Cu trc bn tin SNMP v2

2.2.2.1 Cu trc bn tin SNMPv2

Cc bn tin trao i trong SNMPv2 cha cc n v d liu giao thc PDU. Hnh trn m t cu trc chung ca bn tin ny.

+ Trng phin bn (Version) th hin phin bn ca giao thc SNMPv2

+ Trng Community l mt chui password xc nhn cho cc tin trnh ly v trao i d liu. SNMP PDU cha kiu iu hnh (get, set), yu cu p ng ( cng s th t vi bn tin gi i)-cho php ngi iu hnh gi ng thi nhiu bn tin. Bin ghp gm cc thit b c c t trong RFC 2358 v c gi tr t ti i tng.

Trng n v d liu giao thc (PDU) gm c cc trng con: Kiu n v d liu giao thc, nhn dng cc yu cu (Request ID), trng thi li, ch s li, cc gi tr v i tng.

Cc kiu n v d liu giao thc PDU th hin cc bn tin s dng trong SNMPv2 gm c: GetRequest, GetNextRequest, SeRequest, GetResponse, Trap, GetBulkRequest , InfornRequest.

2.2.2.2. C s thng tin qun l MIB trong SNMPv2

MIB trong SNMPv2 nh ngha cc i tng m t tc ng ca mt phn t SNMPv2. MIB ny bao gm 3 nhm:

Nhm h thng (System group): L c s m rng ca nhm system trong MIB-II gc, bao gm mt nhm cc i tng cho php mt Agent SNMPv2 m t cc i tng ti nguyn ca n. Cc i tng mi trong phn m rng c tn bt u bng sysOR , chng lin quan n ti nguyn h thng v c s dng bi mt Agent SNMPv2 m t cc i tng ti nguyn m vic iu khin chng ty vo cu hnh ng bi mt b phn qun l.

Nhm SNMP (SNMP group): mt ci tin ca nhm SNMP trong MIB-II gc, bao gm cc i tng cung cp cc cng c c bn cho hot ng giao thc. n c thm mt s i tng mi v loi b mt s i tng ban u. Nhm SNMP cha mt vi thng tin lu lng c bn lin quan n ton t SNMPv2 v ch c mt trong cc i tng l b m ch c 32-bit.

Nhm cc i tng MIB (MIB objects group ): mt tp hp cc i tng lin quan n cc SNMPv2-Trap PDU v cho php mt vi phn t SNMPv2 cng hot ng, thc hin nh trm qun tr, phi hp vic s dng ca chng trong ton t Set ca SNMPv2.

Phn u ca nhm ny l mt nhm con, SNMP Trap, bao gm hai i tng lin quan n Trap:

SNMPTrap OID : L nhn dng i tng ca Trap hoc thng bo c gi hin thi. Gi tr ca i tng ny xut hin nh mt varbind (variavle binding) th hai trong mi SNMPv2-Trap PDU v InformRequest PDU.

SNMPTrapEnterprise: L nhn dng i tng ca t chc lin quan n Trap c gi hin thi. Khi mt Agent y quyn SNMPv2 nh x mt Trap PDU sang mt SNMPv2-Trap PDU, bin ny xut hin nh mt varbind cui cng.

Phn th hai ca nhm ny l mt nhm con, SNMPSet, bao gm mt i tng n SNMPSerialNo. i tng ny c s dng gii quyt hai vn c th xut hin khi s dng ton t Set:

Th nht l mt qun tr c th s dng nhiu ton t Set trn cng mt itng MIB. Cc ton t ny cn thc hin theo mt trt t c a ra thm ch khi chng c quyn khng theo th t.

Th hai l vic s dng ng thi cc ton t Set trn cng mt i tng MIB

bi nhiu manager c th xy ra mt s mu thun hoc lm cho c s d liu b sai.

i tng SNMPSet c s dng theo cch sau: Khi mt manager mun t mt hay nhiu gi tr i tng trong mt Agent, u tin n nhn gi tr ca i tng SNMPSet. Sau n gi SetRequest PDU c danh sch bin lin kt bao gm c i tng SNMPSet vi gi tr nhn c ca n. Nu nhiu manager gi cacs SetRequest PDU s dng cng mt gi tr ca SNMPSet, bn tin n Agent trc s c thc hin (gi s khng c li), kt qu l lm tng SNMPSet; cc ton t Set cn li s b li v khng ph hp vi gi tr SNMPSet. Hn na, nu mt manager mun gi mt chui cc ton t Set v m bo rng chng c thc hin theo mt trt t nht nh th i tng SNMPSet phi c gp vo trong mi ton t.

2.2.2.3 Nguyn tc hot ng ca SNMP

Truyn mt bn tin SNMPv2

Hnh 2.13 Gi v nhn bn tin trong SNMPv2

Quy tc gi v nhn bn tin ca Manager v Agent c th hin trong bng sau:

SNMPv2AgentAgentManagerManager

PDUGenerateReceiveGenerateReceive

GetRequestXX

GetRequestXX

ResponseXXX

SetRequestXX

GetBulkRequestX X

InformRequestXX

SNMPv2-TrapXX

Bng 2.3 Quy tc gi v nhn bn tin ca Manager v Agent

Mt phn t SNMPv2 thc hin cc hnh ng sau truyn mt PDU cho mt phn t SNMPv2 khc:

S dng ASN.1 m t PDU.

PDU ny chuyn sang dch v xc nhn cng vi cc a ch ngun v ch ca truyn thng v mt tn truyn thng .Dch v xc nhn sau thc hin nhng bin i bt k theo yu cu cho s thay i ny nh m ha hoc thm m xc nhn v tr li kt qu.

Phn t giao thc sau to ra bn tin gm trng s liu phin bn, tn truyn thng vo kt qu ca bc trn.

i tng ASN.1 mi ny sau c m ha s dng BER v gi n dch v vn chuyn.

Nhn mt bn tin SNMPv2

Mt phn t SNMPv2 thc hin cc hnh ng sau nhn mt bn tin SNMPv2:

Kim tra c php c bn ca bn tin v loi b bn tin nu c php sai.

Kim tra s liu phin bn v loi b bn tin nu khng tng hp.

Phn t giao thc sau chuyn trn ngi s dng, phn PDU ca bn tin v cc a ch ngun v ch ca bn tin ti dch v xc nhn. Nu xc nhn b sai, dch v xc nhn bn tin cho phn t giao thc SNMPv2 ni to ra Trap v loi b bn tin. Nu xc nhn hon thnh dch v xc nhn tr li mt PDU theo dng ca mt i tng ASN.1.

Phn t giao thc thc hin kim tra c php c nm ca bn tin v loi b bn itn nu c php sai. Ngc li dng truyn thng theo tn, chnh sch truy cp SNMPv2 tng ng s c chn v tip n l x l PDU.

Cc trng thi thch ng cho SNMPv2

Mc ch ca trng thi thch ng l nh ngha mt thng bo dng ch r gii hn thp nht c th chp nhn khi thc hin mc thng thng. C 4 macro c nh ngha:

Macro OBJECT-GROUP: Macro ny dng ch r mt nhm i tng c qun l c lin quan v l n v c bn ca tnh thch ng. N cung cp mt phng thc cho sn xut m t tnh thch ng v cp ca n bng cch ch ra nhng nhm no c b sung. Macro OBJECT-GROUP gm 4 mnh chnh sau:

Mnh OBJECTS: Lit k cc i tng trong nhm c gi tr mnh MAX-ACCESS l accessible-for-Notify, read-Only, read-write hoc read-create.

Mnh STATUS: Ch ra nh ngha ny l hin thi hay qua.

Mnh DESCRIPTION: Cha mt nh ngha nguyn bn cu nhm cng vi mt m t ca bt k quan h no ca nhm khc.

Mnh REFERENCE: Dng gp tham chiu qua li vo mt nhm c nh ngha trong mt vi khi thng tin khc.

Macro NOTIFICATION-GROUP c dng nh ngha mt tp hp cc thng bo cho cc mc ch thch ng, gm cc mnh chnh sau:

Mnh NOTIFICATION: Lit k mi thng bo cha trong nhm thch ng.

Cc mnh STATUS, DEFCRIPTION v REFERENCE: C ngha tng t nh trong macro OBJECT-GROUP.

Macro MODULE-COMPLIANCE: Ch ra mt tp hp nh nht ca cc yu cu lin quan n vic thm mt hay nhiu khi MIB. Cc mnh STATUS, DESCRIPTION v REFERENCE c ngha tng t nh trong cc macro OBJECT-GROUP v NOTIFICATION-GROUP.

Macro AGENT-CAPABILITIES: Dng cung cp thng tin v cc kh nng c trong mt phn t giao thc Agent SNMPv2. N c s dng m t mc h tr c bit m mt Agent yu cu, lin quan n mt nhm MIB. V bn cht, cc kh nng th hin nhng ci tin hoc bin i nht nh lin quan n cc macro OBJECT-TYPE trong cc khi MIB.

2.2.3 SNMP sersion 3

Nh trnh by phn trn , bn thn SNMPv2 c phn bo m mt c thm vo. Tuy nhin phn ny cha c to s ng thun ca ngi s dng do tnh tin li v bo mt ca n. sa cha nhng thiu ht ca n, SNMPv3 c gii thiu nh mt chun ngh cho nhng lnh vc qun tr mng v c trnh by chi tit ln u tin vo nm 1998 vi cc ti liu RFC2271-RFC2275. Chun ny a ra nhm hon thin hn vn qun tr bo mt.

Mc ch chnh ca SNMPv3 l h tr kin trc theo kiu module c th d dng m rng. Theo cch ny, nu cc giao thc bo mt mi c m rng chng c th c h tr SNMPv3 bng cc nh ngha nh l cc module ring. C s thng tin qun tr v cc dng thng tin s dng trong SNMPv3 cng hon ton tng t trong SNMP3.

2.2.3.1 Cc c im ca SNMPv3

SNMPv3 da trn vic thc hin giao thc, loi d liu v y quyn nh SNMPv2 v ci tin phn an ton. SNMPv3 cung cp an ton truy cp cc thit b bng cch kt hp s xc nhn v m ha gi tin trn mng. Nhng c im bo mt cung cp trong SNMPv3.

Tnh ton vn thng bo: m bo cc gi tin khng b sa trong khi truyn.

S xc nhn : xc nhn ngun thng bo gi n.

M ha: o ni dung ca gi ngn cn vic gi thng bo t ngun khng c xc nhn .

SNMPv3 cung cp m hnh an ton v cc mc an ton. M t an ton l thc hin vic xc nhn c thit lp cho ngi s dng v nhm cc ngi s dng hin c. Mc an ton l mc bo m an ton trong m hnh an ton. S kt hp ca m hnh an ton v mc an ton s xc nh c ch an ton khi gi gi tin.

Tuy nhin vic s dng SNMPv3 rt phc tp v cng knh. Tuy nhin y l s la chn tt nht cho vn bo mt ca mng. Nhng vic s dng s tn rt nhiu ti nguyn do trong mi bn tin truyn i s c phn m ha BER. N s chim mt phn bng thng ng truyn do lm tng ph tn mng.

Mc d c coi l phin bn ngh cui cng v c coi l y nht nhng SNMPv3 vn ch l tiu chun d tho v vn ang c nghin cu hon thin.

2.2.3.2 H tr bo mt v xc thc trong SNMPv3

Mt trong nhng mc tiu chnh-nu khng coi l mt mc ch chnh- khi pht trin SNMPv3 l thm c tnh bo mt cho qun l SNMP. Xc thc v bo v thng tin, cng nh xc thc v iu khin truy cp, c nu r trn . Cu trc SNMPv3 cho php s dng linh hot bt c mt giao thc no cho xc thc v bo v thng tin. D sao, nhm IETF SNMPv3 a ra m hnh bo mt ngi dng. Chng ta s tm hiu thm v cc kha cnh chung v bo mt kt hp vi cc kiu ca cc mi e da bo mt, m hnh bo mt, nh dng d liu bn tin iu tit cc tham s bo mt v s dng cng nh qun l cc kha trong phn ny.

Cc mi e da bo mt:

C 4 mi e da n thng tin qun l khi mt thc th qun l c truyn n thc th khc l:

Thng tin c th b thay i bi mt ngi dng khng c php no trong khi truyn.

Ngi dng khng c php c gng gi trang nh ngi dng c php.

Thng tin SNMP c chia lm nhiu gi truyn i theo nhiu hng v pha nhn phi sp xp li. V vy n c th b ngi no lm tr 1 gi tin, b gi li do mt ngi khng c php to ra lm thay i thng tin bn ca bn tin.

B ngn chn hoc b l bn tin.

C t nht hai mi e da trn thng xy ra vi kt ni d liu truyn thng, nhng vi m hnh bo mt ngi dng SNMP th n c coi l khng c mi e da.

Th nht l t chi dch v, mt xc thc ngi dng s b t chi dch v bi thc th qun l. N khng b coi nh mi e da, khi mng li c th l l do ca s t chi, v mt giao thc s thc thi mc ch ny.

Th 2 l thng k lu lng bi mt ngi dng khng xc thc. Nhm IETF SNMv3 xc nh rng khng c thun li quan trng no c bng cch chng li s tn cng ny.

M hnh bo mt:

Hnh 2.14 M hnh bo mt

M hnh bo mt trong SNMPv3 l m hnh bo mt ngi dng (User-base Security Model vit tt l USM). Chng phn nh khi nim tn ngi dng truyn thng. Nh chng ta nh ngha giao din dch v tru tng gia cc phn h khc nhau trong thc th SNMP, by gi chng ta s nh ngha giao din dch v tru tng trong USM. Cc nh ngha ny bao trm ln khi nim v giao din gia dch v ging USM v xc thc khng ph thuc vo dch v ring. Hai primitive c kt hp vi mt dch v xc thc, mt to ra bn tin xc thc i, v mt kim tra bn tin xc thc n. Tng t, hai primitive c kt hp vi dch v ring: encryptData m ha bn tin i v decryptData gii m bn tin n.

Cc dch v c cung cp bi module xc thc v module ring trong phn h bo mt cho bn tin i v bn tin n. M hnh x l bn tin dn chng cho USM trong quan h bo mt. Da trn mc bo mt gn trn bn tin, USM ln lt c dn qua module xc thc v module ring. Kt qu c a tr li m hnh x l bn tin bi USM.

2.4 Gim st t xa vi SNMP (RMON)

2.4.1 Khi nim

Mng gim st t xa (RMON) MIB c pht trin bi IETF h tr gim st v phn tch giao thc mng LAN. Phin bn gc (i khi c gi l RMON1) tp trung vo OSI Layer 1 v Layer 2 thng tin trong cc mng Ethernet v Token Ring. N c m rng bi RMON2 c thm h tr cho mng v gim st lp ng dng v SMON c thm h tr cho cc mng chuyn mch. y l mt c im k thut tiu chun cng nghip cung cp nhiu chc nng c cung cp bi b phn tch mng c quyn. i l RMON c xy dng vo nhiu thit b chuyn mch cao cp v thit b nh tuyn.

2.4.2 RMON SMI v MIB

RMON1 MIB bao gm mi nhm:

1. Thng k: thi gian thc s liu thng k mng LAN v d nh s dng, va chm,CRCli

2. Lch s: lch s thng k chn

3. Bo ng: nh ngha cho RMON SNMP c gi khi thng k vt qu ngng quy nh

4. Host: t chc thng k c th v d nh mng LAN byte gi / nhn, khung gi / nhn

5. Ch u N: k lc ca N kt ni hot ng nht trong khong thi gian thi gian nht nh

6. Ma trn: ma trn lu lng gi-nhn gia cc h thng

7. B lc: xc nh gi m hnh d liu quan tm v d nh a ch MAC hocTCPcng

8. Capture: thu thp v chuyn tip cc gi tin ph hp vi cc b lc

9. S kin: gi thng bo (by SNMP) cho nhm bo ng

10. Token Ring: phn m rng c th Token Ring

RMON2 MIB cho bit thm mi nhm hn:

1. Ngh nh th mc: danh sch cc giao thc thm d c th gim st

2. Phn phi giao thc: thng k lu lng cho mi giao thc

3. a ch Bn : bn mng lp (IP) n cc a ch lp MAC

4. Mng-Layer Host: lp 3 s liu thng k lu lng truy cp, cho mi my ch

5. Mng lp Matrix: lp 3 s liu thng k lu lng truy cp, mi cp ngun / ch ca ch nh

6. ng dng-Layer Host: s liu thng k lu lng truy cp bng giao thc ng dng, mi my ch

7. ng dng lp Matrix: s liu thng k lu lng truy cp ca giao thc ng dng, mi cp ngun / ch ca ch nh

8. Lch s s dng: mu nh k ca cc bin ngi dng ch nh

9. Thm d cu hnh: cu hnh t xa ca thit b thm d

10. RMON ph hp: yu cu i vi RMON2 MIB ph hp

2.4.1 Phn loi RMON

1.5.1: RMON1

Phin bn u tin ra i nm 1991 v tr thnh chun nm 1995 RMON1 bao gm cc nhm i tng sau:

Statistics: Cc thng tin thng k v probe thng qua vic theo di mt giao thc Ethernet

History: nh k ghi li cc mu d liu thng k ly t nhm Statistics

Alarm: cho php nh qun l thit lp cc ngng bo ng v khong thi gian thu thp d liu v hiu nng thi hnh

Host: cha d liu o m thng tin i v n cc host trong mng con.

HostTopN: Cha d liu thng k v N host c sp xp theo th t; cu trc th t v ni dung sp xp do nh qun l ch ra.

Matrix: trnh by d liu giao vn cho tng cp host trong mng con.

Filter: Cho php probe quan st d liu giao vn mt cch c chn lc da theo tiu chun do trm qun l ra.

Packet capture: chn bt d liu theo tiu chun ca trng filter.

Event: ghi chp tt c cc s kin ti probe.

1.5.2: RMON2

Qu trnh pht trin RMON MIB c bt u t nm 1994, thng qua RFC nm 2021, thng 1/1997, v tr thnh RMON2 trong khi phin bn gc gi l RMON1 .

RMON2 m rng phm vi t tng vt l n tng ng dng, bao gm 2 kha cnh.

Cc tnh nng theo di giao vn t tng mng cho php mt brobe vt c ra ngoi phn on ca n v thy c cc giao vn i n n qua cc router. iu ny m ra ton b kh nng qun l i vi mt RMON probe:

1. Khi c mt lung giao vn qu ti, probe bit c lung ny n t router no, host no.

2. Khi mt router qu ti bi lung thng tin gi ra, probe bit host no trong phn on ca n lm qu ti router, bit lung thng tin gi n mng no.

3. Khi c mt lc lng thng tin ln qua LAN( c vo c ra), probe c th bit nhng mang no, host no c trch nhim vi chng.

Kh nng theo di giao vn t cc tng cao hn tng mng( cao hn tng IP) cho php probe m hnh ha c giao vn mng ca tng giao thc v tng ng dng, t qun l giao vn mng tt hn.

RMON2 MIB kh di dng v phc tp cng bao gm 9 nhm:

+ Nhm th mc giao thc (Protocol Directory Group), cho php probe theo di, qun l cc giao thc bng cc hnh ng nh thm, xa, cu hnh li tng dng ca bng.

+ Nhm giao thc phn phi( Protocol distribution group) cho php probe theo di cc d liu thng k giao vn thng qua mt giao thc h tr mng con. Ngoi ra, n cng theo di s octet c truyn ti cc host thng qua tng giao tip c th.

+ Nhm nh x a ch (Address Map Group), duy tr mt tp quan h nh x gia v tr vt l(MAC) v a ch mng. Vic ny cho php probe pht hin ra cc host mi, t theo di c ng i cho cc giao vn pht sinh t cc host ny.

+ Nhm tng mng ca host( Network Layer Host Group), nhm i tng ny cho php ngi dung gii m cc gi tin n ( da theo a ch mng). Cho php nh qun l mng quan st vt c ra ngoi mt router cng nh ti tn cc host ni vi router .

+ Nhm tng ng dng ca host( Application Layer Host Group), theo di cc giao thc thuc tng ng dng, bit lng giao vn v ch n ca tng giao thc ny.

+ Nhm cc ma trn tng mng( Network Layer Matrix Group), cc i tng ny cho php probe theo di giao vn gia tng cp a ch mng trong phm vi qun l ca n. Cc tham s theo di thuc v hai loi v qun l trong hai bng : d liu ngun v d liu ch. Probe cn theo di giao vn ca N cp u tin (top N), sinh cc bo co gi ti cc trm qun l.

+ Nhm ma trn tng ng dng( Application Layer Matrix Group), cho php probe theo di qua giao thc v cc giao vn truyn gi gia tng cp a ch mng m probe khm ph ra. Probe cn duy tr cc thng k tng ng dng trong top-N.

+ Nhm thu thp lch s ngi dung ( User History Collection Group), n k truy vn i tng MIB ly cc tham s ngi dng.

CHNG III: TRIN KHAI QUN L H THNG MNG LAN HELPER

3.1 Gii thiu

LanHelper l cng c qun l mng ni b (LAN), l cng c pht hin v gim st mnh m cho mng vn phng v gia nh. Khng cn thm bt k chng trnh ph no.LanHelper tch hp c ch qut thng minh v nhanh chng cho php tm a ch IP, a ch MAC, SNMP, NetBIOS,trong mng LAN & WAN. Vi chc nng nhm v XML, vic qun l d liu my v cng n gin vi LanHelper. LanHelper cung cp cc ch HTML v XML cho php xem d liu my bng trnh duyt web chi tit v thun tin.

Khng cn ci t thm bt k ng dng ph no, bn cng c th n gin ha vic qun l mng vi LanHelper. Chc nng Wake-On-LAN gi cc lnh Wake-On-LAN (Magic Packet) ti bt cc my tnh trong mng LAN hay WAN. H tr ln lch v dch

Hnh 3.1 LanHeper

3.1.1. Cc phin bn ca LAN HelperLanHelper v1.00 (Thng 05 nm 2003)

* LanHelper by gi l mt phn mm chia s .

* Thm : Nhiu ngn ng giao din .

* Thm : Pht hin chy cc phn mm nh SQL server hay Domain Controller.

* Thm : Xc nh a ch qung b IP trong hp thoi Customize bo thc .

* Thm : Ch nh bt k ti khon ng nhp vo my tnh t xa trong ca s Shutdown t xa .

* Thm : Pht hin cho d tn my tnh hoc a ch IP c thay i hay khng trong khi lm mi tnh trng .

* Thm : Lu kt qu b lc tp tin vn bn trong ca s Filter .

* Thm : Lu trng thi ca my vi tnh vo tp tin XML.

* Thm : H tr nhiu ngn ng m ha XML. Chn k t m ha XML t ng hoc bng tay.

* Thm : La chn cho hin th hoc n bt k ct ca danh sch.

* Tng cng : Qut n c phiu th mc.

* Tng cng : C ch qut .

* C nh : Hin th gi trong danh sch.

* C nh : Vn giao din trong h thng Windows 95/98/ME .

* Loi b: Pht hin ty chn chia s n .

* Sa li v ci tin nh khc .

LanHelper v1.10 ( thng 10 nm 2003 )* Thm : Thc hin t xa . N cho php bn thc hin cc chng trnh trn my tnh t xa .

* Thm : LanHelper Integrated Command . N cung cp nhiu lnh thc hin trn h thng t xa nh log off, tt ngun, hibernate, stand by , kha my, vv

* Thm : hp thoi bo thc t xa . Bn c th ln lch cng vic Wake-On -LAN by gi.

* Thm : Tin nhn c th c gi n WAN hoc Internet . Tn ngi gi c th c ty chnh. Cc tin nhn c gi t my a phng c lu t ng .

* Thm : Cm nhn Scan bnh lun my tnh, chia s ti nguyn .

* Thm : " Gim thiu khay h thng " ty chn.

* Thm : Cung cp cc du phn cch khc tch tn cc ti nguyn chia s " trong danh sch.

* Thm : mc theo menu.

* Thm : H tr cho XP phong cch trc quan .

* C nh : Cc biu tng trng thi " @ " v " @ " c thay th bng v " @ " " @ " .

* C nh : Qut IP ch vi 1 ch trong Windows 95/98/ME .

* C nh : S lng ti a mc nh ca qut IP thit lp 64 .

* C nh : Cp nht danh sch ca " b k t m ha XML " trong Ty chn hp thoi .

* C nh : Ci thin giao din cho ca s chnh v cc hp thoi tr khc.

* C nh : By gi ch c 5 loi b lc c sn xem b lc . Kt qu lc c hin th trc tip trong danh sch.

* Sa li: li trong chuyn i ngn ng giao din .

* C nh : N bt u qut ngay c khi khng c nhm lm vic c chn trong hp thoi Scan Workgroup .

* C nh : Cc ct n trong danh sch khng th khi phc li ' rng trc y khi h c th hin mt ln na.

* Loi b: Ty chnh bo thc .

* Sa li v ci tin nh khc .

LanHelper v1.89 ( 13 thng 07 nm 2009 )

* Thm : chc nng mi qut . C c danh sch cc my tnh t b iu khin tn min.

* Tng cng : LanHelper Integrated Command . Thm mi lnh Nhit Cleanup , lm sch cc tp tin tm thi, cookies trnh duyt IE , lch s , vv C nh li m hu ht cc lnh khng th lm vic trn h thng Windows vi bn cp nht mi nht c ci t. Chp nh mn hnh by gi c th lm vic trn Vista hoc sau Windows. Loi b mt s lnh t khi c s dng .

LanHelper v1.88 ( 25 thng 05 nm 2009 )

* Thm : Sao chp ngi dng nhiu my tnh.

* Thm : ty chn Scan for chui cng ng SNMP.

* Tng cng : chc nng t li mt khu qun l ngi s dng. By gi c th t li mt khu ca nhiu ngi dng, v cung cp mt v m c tn% username% .

* C nh : Mt li ca mt khu thit lp li qun l ngi s dng.

LanHelper v1.90 ( ngy 04 thng 10 2009 )

* Thm : qun l Registry . Xem ng k t xa , nhanh chng a gi tr qut, vv

* Tng cng : Trn hp thoi Wake-On -LAN , sau khi nhn c a ch MAC v a ch IP t router & switch , by gi bn c th cp nht a ch MAC ca cc d liu my tnh trong danh sch ca ca s chnh .

* C nh : Mt s li ca qun l c phiu . Trong khi thc hin cc hnh ng To c phiu Mc nh , chng trnh khng hin th bt k ng nhp nu khng c phn mc nh c to thnh cng. Sau khi h thng khi ng li, c 26 m mc nh ( t A n Z $ $ ) s c ti to bi Windows. Vui lng truy cp http://www.hainsoft.com/en/kb20090723.htm hc cch gii quyt vn ny . Li ca trnh n ng cnh trn cc c phiu View. Thit lp iu khon chia s c th khng lm vic i khi .

* Sa li: li m cui Run Thi gian ca nhim v Shutdown khng c lu v hin th.

* C nh : Mt li ca LanHelper Integrated Command . Lnh my tnh kha khng th lm vic theo h thng Windows 7 .

* Nhiu li nh khc v ci tin.

LanHelper v1.91 ( Ngy 11 thng 11 nm 2009 )

* Thm : Registry nhp khu, xut khu ng k .

* Thm : Kt ni vi my tnh t xa thng qua Microsoft Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) hoc cc giao thc tng t khc.

* Tng cng : broadcast gi tin Wake-On -LAN gi . Lm chm tc trnh d liu gim chuyn i hoc thit b mng khc .

* C nh : Mt li ca Wake-On -LAN t ch dng lnh . Nu ch nh mt tp tin XML , chng trnh s i n mt vng lp v tn v kt qu lu lng pht sng qu nhiu.

* C nh : Mt li ca qun l ng k . By gi c th hin th tt c cc loi phi tiu chun ca d liu gi tr .

LanHelper v1.97 ( ngy 05 thng 09 nm 2010 )

* Thm : Bn sao loi b . Loi b cc mc c ni dung trng lp trong ct Name, IP hoc MAC .

* Tng cng : Thit lp li mt khu ngi dng . By gi c th thit lp mt khu ngu nhin .

* Tng cng : Ti u ha cho x l ln tp tin XML.

* C nh : Mt s li ca cng c qut . Cc thng tin bo mt c thit lp bi ngi s dng khng th lm vic . Khng th c c tn min trong mt s lnh vc , vv

* C nh : Ch cung cp ba b k t m ha XML: ANSI, UTF-8, UTF-16 . Cc tp tin XML UTF- 8 hoc UTF-16 khng tng thch vi phin bn 1.96 hoc u lc hu .

* C nh : Mt li ca LanHelper Integrated Command " Nhn H thng thng tin " .

* C nh : Mt li ca bo co HTML.

LanHelper v1.98 ( 21 thng 10 2010 )

* Tng cng : C ch qut . C c hin ti ngi dng ng nhp vo a ch MAC v thng minh hn .

* C nh : Mt li ca Lm mi Trng thi trong phin bn 1.97 . Khng th nh thc cc my tnh tt in theo ch gim st.

* C nh : Mt li nhp tp tin registry . C th khng chnh xc x l dng cui cng ca tp tin REG . Di mt s iu kin .

* C nh : Mt li ca lu file XML trong v1.97 . Trong mt s trng hp cc d liu NetBIOS tit kim n tp tin XML cha cc k t khng hp l, m kt qu trong tp tin ti tht bi .

LanHelper v1.99 ( ngy 06 Thng 1 2012 )

* Thm : s kin ngi xem . Xem v tm kim cc bn ghi s kin t nhiu my tnh t xa cng mt lc.

* Tng cng : qun l ngi dng , sao chp cho ngi s dng tnh nng ny. Hin ngi s dng mi hot ng hon thnh.

* C nh : Tn min iu khin tnh nng qut khng th lm vic trong phin bn 1,98 .

* Sa li: My lc d liu hot ng khng chnh xc nu c nhm XML c kim tra .

* C nh : Hai li ca Remote Execute. Khi xem cng vic , mt s cng vic nh k s c hin th nh cng vic ngy hm nay. Cc tnh nng cng vic Add trn tab View c th lm vic khng ng theo mt s iu kin .

* C nh : Cc thit lp bo mt thng tin khng b xa t mt mc khi xa nhm XML v cc mc khng thuc v bt c nhm XML na. * Nhiu ci tin nh khc v sa cha .3.1.2. Yu cu h thng

H iu HnhMicrosoft Windows NT4.x/2000/XP/2003/Vista/7.

Pentium 200MHz hoc tt hn.

RAM64 MB RAM hoc hn.

cng5 MB khng gian a cng.

Car mng

Adapter mng.

3.1.3. Gii thiu giao din s dng LAN Helper

Hnh 3.2 Giao din trang bt u

Hnh 3.3 Giao din chnh ca chng trnh3.2 Cc chc nng chnh ca phn mm

Pht hin cc my trong mng vn phng hay gia nh thng qua mt dy i ch IP, cc nhm v tn min trong ton b mng LAN.

Thu thp nhiu thng tin mng nh a ch IP, a ch MAC, d liu SNMP, d liu NetBIOS, LanHelper thm ch cn c th pht hin cc th mc chia s cho php ghi, ch c hay c th bo v mt khu cho bn.

Khng cn chng trnh my ch. Bn khng cn ci bt c chng trnh ph no trn cc my xa

Wake-On-LAN. Gi lnh "Wake-On-LAN" (Magic Packet) ti bt my trn mng ni b hay mng din rng. H tr ln lch v dch v.

Tt hay khi ng li my t xa chy Windows NT/2000/XP trong mng ni b

Thc thi lnh trn my xa, chy ng dng hay m tp tin.

LanHelper Integrated Command cung cp nhiu chc nng qun l cc k hu ch nh kha my, bt hnh, xem thng tin h thng, qun l ca s, qun l tin trnh,

Gim st my ch v my trm trong mng LAN/WAN. Khi pht hin li hay vn g, LanHelper s bo ng cho qun tr mng lp tc.

Kim tra cc my ang online hay offline, ng thi kim tra xem tn v a ch IP ca my c b thay i hay khng.

Gi tin nhn n ngi dng, cc my, cc nhm hay ton b mng LAN cc k linh hot.

Qun l cc d liu c qut bng XML. Tp tin XML lu li c th m bng trnh duyt Internet Explorer, Microsoft Office 2002 hay cc chng trnh h tr XML khc.

Thng qua menu tt, bn d dng truy xut my tnh hay cc ti nguyn chia s, thm hay b cc a mng.

Cng c qut mnh m c kh nng qut nhiu thng tin bao gm tn mng ( tn NetBIOS hoc tn DNS) , a ch IP , a ch MAC , SNMP, ng nhp vo s dng, loi h iu hnh , SNMP, vv mng Scan tc cao v trong mt cch linh hot .

Kim tra xem cc my ang online hay khng, v pht hin tn hoc a ch IP c thay i .

Gim st c sn ca my. Mt ln tht bi hay vn c pht hin, LanHelper s bo ng ngi qun tr mng ngay lp tc, khi ng hoc tt my ngay lp tc mc tiu .

Wake-On -LAN . in trn my tnh ca bn m trn khu vc a phng hoc mng din rng nu " Wake-On- LAN" c h tr bi h thng v adapter mng. H tr ln lch v dch v.

Tt hoc khi ng li my tnh t xa chy Windows NT/200x/XP/Vista/7 trn mng ni b . By gi h tr ln lch ni b .

Thc hin cc lnh , chy cc chng trnh hoc m tp tin trn my t xa.

LanHelper Integrated Command , c thit k c bit cho Remote Execute, cung cp nhiu chc nng qun l hu ch nh kha my , c c phn mm v phn cng thng tin . Chp mn hnh hoc qu trnh git khong thng xuyn , vv

Gi tin nhn cho ngi khc. Cung cp nhiu ch hng lot gi.

Qun l dch v . Bt u hay dng dch v , ci t v g b ci t dch v , vv trn cc my tnh t xa d dng .

Qun l m tp tin. Xem hoc ngt kt ni cc tp tin m .

Qun l phin . Xem hoc ngt kt ni phin .

Qun l nhm . Nhm sao chp, xa nhm , vv

Qun l ngi s dng. Xem ngi dng, mt khu thit lp li, v hiu ha ngi dng, vv

Qun l c phiu. Xem c phiu, c phiu to , xa c phiu, vv

Xem s kin . Nht k xem s kin v tm kim cc s kin nhanh chng, vv

Qun l ng k . ng k xem mng , nhanh chng a gi tr qut , vv

Khng c bt k chng trnh my ch l cn thit c ci t trn my tnh t xa

D dng qun l d liu my . Bn c th lu hoc ti d liu qut, d liu xut nhp khu , xem d liu trong trnh duyt web s dng HTML hoc ch XML.

Card giao din mng nhn dng nh cung cp.

H tr ch dng lnh . N c th thc hin mt c nhp chut Wake-On -LAN hoc mt c nhp chut tt my bng cch s dng cc phm tt. Lch trnh Wake-On- LAN v shutdown nhim v vi Windows Task Scheduler .

3.3 M hnh trin khai qun l h thng

Hnh 3.4 M hnh qun l h thng mng.y c xem l m hnh tng qut nht ca mt h thng mng chun. Tt nhin ngoi thc t c nhiu m hnh khc xa m hnh ny. V d nh m hnh thc t ca cng ty nh th khng c tin trang b cc thit b t tin nn ch sm c ci switch v cc my tnh ni vo l s dng, vi h thng nh nh vy th cn g phi ci phn mm qun l h thng mng lm g cho n phc tp, ri li tn tin mn thm mt ngi k thut vin v gim st mng. Nh vy th vi h thng mng nh th no mi cn qun l h thng mng.

H thng mng c va hoc ln th ngi ta mi dng n gii php l qun l h thng mng hiu qu hn. Nh m hnh trn th h thng c 4 my ch chnh: ch c ni n firewall v firewall th li ni n mng Lan v mng Internet. Nhim v ca firewall kh l n gin cho php hoc khng cho php c truy cp mt i tng no y, do ngi quan tr vin cu hnh trn firewall ny.

Server Manager l phn mm qun l h thng mng c ci ln my ch hay cn c gi l Manager qun l cc Agent. Cc Agent y ta c th hiu l cc my ch nh File, FTP, WEB, Mail,.. c th l cc thit b nh switch, router,... min l thit b c h tr Agent.

3.4 Ci t v cu hnh phn mm3.4.1. Ci t v cu hnh phn mm trn MANAGER

Phn mn Lanhelper c phn ci t kh n gin, ch cn chy File setup v mt vi ln click chut l qu trnh ci t hon thnh. Chy File LHsetup.exe Hin th nh hnh Chn Next

Hnh 3.5 Giao din ci t LanHelper

- Bt u qu trnh ci t chn Install

Hnh 3.6 Giao din ci tSau khi qu trnh ci t thnh cng th ta c giao din lm vic ca phn mm

Hnh 3.7 Giao din chnh LanHelper3.4.2. Ci t v cu hnh SNMP trn DEVICES Manager c th qun l c cc my ch hay cc my trm, cc thit b router, switch ta cn m tnh nng SNMP ca cc thit b ln. m tnh nng SNMP trn cc my trm cng nh cc my ch ta lm nh sau: Ta phi ci t dch v SNMP, chng c tch hp trn h iu hnh Windows.

u tin vo

Hnh 3.8 Tm dch v SNMP

- Chn vo Simple Network Managerment Protocol v VMI SNMP Provider (1)Sau nhn OK (2)

Hnh 3.9 Dch v SNMP

- Sau khi chn xong Nhn Next tip tc

Hnh 3.10 Tin hnh ci t SNMP

- Qu trnh ci t cho n khi thnh cng

Hnh 3.11 Ci t SNMP thnh cngSau khi ci t xong th mc nh cc dch v SNMP s cha c khi ng ln lin v chng ang trng thi disable nn gi ta nn enable Dch v SNMP. Vo Run g services.msc ri chn xung dch v c tn l SNMP Services v SNMP Trap enable ln. Trong SNMP Services ta cn cu hnh thm mt vi tham s nh sau

Hnh 3.10 Start dch v SNMP

- Cu hnh SNMP vi Community name v IP my Manager

Hnh 3.11 Cu hnh SNMP

- Cu hnh bo mt cho SNMP

Hnh 3.12 Cu hnh bo mt cho SNMP

Trong thc t bo mt hn th vi quyn Public th ch c quyn c v khng phi cho php tt c cc my ci t phn mm Manager l c th ly thng tin t cc Agent, chng ta cn ch r nhng my Manager no c quyn c nhn nhm bo mt thng tin tt hn.

3.5 Qun l h thng mng vi phn mm LANHELPER

3.3.2.1. Thm my tnh vo danh sch.

u tin, thm mt my tnh bt k vo danh sch m khng cn dng tnh nng qut, bn hy dng menu Network Add Machine. Sau , bn c th nhp vo tn my tnh cn thm khi chn mc Name y mnh s nhp a ch mng ca n bng mc IP Address (1).

Nhn nt Scan (2) v chng trnh s qut tm my tnh c tn hay a ch bn va nhp. D tm thy hay khng, LAN Helper cng vn a my tnh vo danh sch.

Hnh 3.13 Thm my tnh vo danh sch

Nhng nu my tnh y ang tt, mt thng bo li s c a ra

Hnh 3.14 Li khng tm thy a ch IP trong LAN

C mt cch khc bn thm mt dng thng tin vo bng danh sch, m sau chng trnh khng tin hnh vic qut tm my tnh trn mng, ngha l cng s khng c thng bo nu nh my tnh khng hin hu. Cch l bn dng menu Edit, chn Add data. Trong ca s Add Data, bn hy nhp cc thng tin v my tnh m bn cn thm vo danh sch, ri nhn nt Add thc hin thao tc thm vo bng.

Hnh 3.15 Thm thng tin my tnh vo danh sch 3.3.2.2. Tm kim IP trong min mngBn hy dng menu Network Scan IP. Sau , bn c th nhp vo From 192.168.1.0 To 192.168.1.255.

Sau click Start Scan bt u qu trnh tm kim.

Hnh 3.16 Tm kim IP trong mng LAN- Sau khi qut thnh cng s lit k cc a ch trong cng mt min mng

Hnh 3.17 Lit k cc a ch trong LAN

3.3.2.3. Chc nng gi cnh bo n my trm

Vo Menu Network Send Massage

mc Send to bn chn a ch IP cn gi cnh bo

mc Message Text bn nhp ni dung cn gi n my trm . Click vo button Send

Hnh 3.18 Chc nng gi tin nhn n my trm

- mc Message Text bn nhp ni dung cn gi n my trm . Click vo button Send

Hnh 3.19 Nhp ni dung tin nhn cn gi

- Tin nhn c gi n my trm thnh cng!

Hnh 3.20 Bo tin nhn gi thnh cng

- Kim tra Tin nhn c gi n my trm khng?

Hnh 3.21 Kim tra tin nhn c gi n my trm

3.3.2.4. Chc nng qun l UserClick chut phi vo my trm chn User

Hnh 3.22 Chc nng qun l user trn cc my trm- Ti mc Action s c cc ty chn.

+ Xem User, To User, Xa User, Thnh vin ca User, Reset mt khu. y chng ta chn Creat User to User mi trn my trm

Hnh 3.23 Cc ty chn mc Action

- To User mi cho my trm. Chng ta in cc thng tin ti vng khoanh mu - (1)

User name: sv1Full name: sv1

Password: ********

Sau nhn OK - (2)

Hnh 3.24 To User mi trn my trm- Thng bo to User thnh cng

Hnh 3.25 Thng bo to User thnh cng

- Kim tra User c to cho my trm cha

Hinh 3.26 Kim tra User c to thnh cng

3.3.2.5. Chc nng Remote Desktop

Hnh 3.27 Chc nng Remote Desktop - ng nhp vi User: Administrator v password: ********** Remote Desktop n my trm

Hnh 3.28 Qu trnh Logon Remote Desktop

- Remote Desktop n my trm thnh cng

Hnh 3.29 Remote Desktop thnh cng

3.3.2.6. Tt my t xa.

Vi LAN Helper, bn c th tt hay khi ng li mt my tnh xa trong mng LAN mt cch d dng. Tc v ny s c thc hin ngay lp tc, hoc lp lch biu n xy ra trong mt thi im v sau. thc hin, bn bm vo mt hoc nhiu my tnh m bn cn tt trong danh sch, sau chn menu Tools Remote Shutdown. Phn la chn theo nhm (Select XML Group) nh trong cc bc trn, s rt c ch trong trng hp ny, khi bn cn tt i nhiu my tnh cng mt lc.

Trong ca s Remote Shutdown, bn s thy cc my tnh chn s a ht vo danh sch Computers. Tuy nhin, bn hon ton c th thm vi my khc vo bng nt Add, xa bt ra khi danh sch bng nt Remove, hoc sa li tn hay a ch IP bng nt Edit.

Mt phn quan trng trong ca s ny l la chn hnh ng cn thc hin trong mc Action l tt my (Shutdown), hay khi ng li (Restart). La chn th ba trong mc Action l Abort, cho php bn hy tc v tt my hay khi ng li my tnh t xa m bn pht ra trc . Tuy nhin, vic hy tc v ch c th thnh cng khi cn trong gii hn thi gian cho php.

Hnh 3.30: Remote shutdown

3.3.2.7. Chp mn hnh t xa.

V ngay bn di cc lnh h thng m bn va chn trn, l chc nng chp nh mn hnh. Chc nng ny gip bn bit ngay c ti mt thi im bt k no , bn bit c my tnh xa ang thc hin tc v g trn mn hnh, m khng cn thc hin vic theo di lin tc bng cc iu khin t xa. Vic chp nh ny cng c th c thc hin t ng, v dng lu li lm h s theo di v sau.

tin hnh vic chp nh, bn bm phi chut trn tn hay a ch IP ca mt my tnh trong danh sch, ri chn mc Remote Execute Execute LanHelper Integrated Command. Sau , bn chn mc Capture Screen.

Hnh 3.31: Cu hnh chp hnh t xa.

Lan Helper s t ng y vo lnh h thng /100, v bn ch vic chn thi im thc hin lnh chp nh l trong ngy hm nay (Start job today), vo ngy mai (Start job tomorrow), ti mt thi im xc nh (Start job at), hay sau mt khong thi gian (Start job after).

Trng hp bn cn chp nh mn hnh vo mt thi im lp i lp li mi ngy, bn hy chn mc Start job at. Sau khi xc nh thi gian thc hin, bn chn nh du trong Week day(s) cho chng trnh bit rng bn mun thc hin vo ngy no ca tun l. Tng t bn cng c th nh du chn trong mc Month day(s) quy nh ngy cn thc hin lnh trong thng. Tuy nhin, bn ng qun nh du mc chn Run periodically. Nu khng, vic chp nh s ch c thc hin mt ln duy nht, m khng c lp li vo nhng ngy sau trong thng hay trong tun.

Sau khi nh c chp, ca s Data Viewer for Lan Helper Integrated Command s xut hin v th hin hnh nh va chp c. Cc nh chp sau s c nh du thm cc tham s # v mt con s tng lin tip. Cc nh chp mn hnh ca mt my tnh thng c xp thnh nhm theo a ch IP ca my b chp. Tn tp tin v th mc lu tr hnh nh hin ln bn di ca s

Hnh 3.32 Chp mn hnh thnh cngKT LUN

NHNG VN T C QUA TI.

Qua ti ny mn hc ny th gip chng em c th hiu qun l mt h thng

mng l rt cn thit cho mt ngi qun tr vin v n gip chng em c th hiu r

nguyn l hot ng ca giao thc SNMP.

u tin l hiu r v phn mm gim st h thng mng Lanhelper v m rng

ra th tt c cc phn mm gim st mng u c tnh cht chung. Ch cn ta nm ct li ca vn th cc phn mm qun l h thng mng khc cng tng t. Ci khc nhau chnh l nhng tnh nng do phn mm tch hp vo, v c bn th ging

nhau v bn cht.

HN CH CA TI

Phn l thuyt th c bn hiu ht v giao thc SMNP nhng vn cn nhng kin thc m nhm cha nm vng nh: Cc phin bn ca SMNP, kin thc ca cy MIB.

HNG PHT TRIN

V c bn l nhm hon thnh tt cc mc tiu ca ti t ra. Nu c iu

kin v thi gian cng nh kin thc nhm s pht trin mt s phn sau:

Tm hiu su v cc giao thc ca SMNP.

i su vo c ch cy MIB

Hon thin cc chc nng ca phn mm Lanhelper.

TI LIU THAM KHO

- Ti liu Ting Vit

[1] Gio trnh SNMP Ton tp - Dip Thanh Nguyn 04 /2010

[2] Gio trnh h iu hnh Windows Server 2003 Th.s L T Thanh Khoa Khoa hc my tnh, Trng Cao ng hu ngh CNTT Vit Hn.- Ti liu Ting Anh[3] Lanhelper Help- Ti liu Internet

[4] http://www.hainsoft.com/

[5] http://www.techrepublic.com

Variable

SNMPv2 Message

Version

Community

SNMPv2 PDU

PDU Type

Request ID

Error Status or Non-Rptr

Object 1

Value 1

Object 2

Value 2

Error Index or Max-Reps

..

Response

Trap

Inform

Time

MANAGER

NETWORK

AGENT

Get,Set

Get-next,Get-bulk

Response

Note 1:Inform is only allowed for dual agent-manager entities

Note 2: Get-bulk and Inform have been added in SNMPv2

M hnh x l bn tin

Phn h bo mt

Module xc thc

Module ring

Module nh thi

Ton vn d liu

Xc thc d liu gc

D liu b mt

Bn tin nh thi v gii hn bo v gi li