TIDAL ENERGYTIDAL ENERGY

FRANCES CARRFRANCES CARR

2424thth February 2005 February 2005

TIDAL TECHNOLOGYTIDAL TECHNOLOGY

AVAILABLE ENERGY depends on AVAILABLE ENERGY depends on location & time - but is highly predictable.location & time - but is highly predictable.

ENERGY = (TIDAL RANGE)ENERGY = (TIDAL RANGE)22

EBB GENERATION: EBB GENERATION:

ADVANTAGES ADVANTAGES

LIFETIME of barrages unlimited – turbine LIFETIME of barrages unlimited – turbine generators replaced every 40yrsgenerators replaced every 40yrs

NON-POLLUTING TECHNOLOGYNON-POLLUTING TECHNOLOGY Provide PROTECTION against coastal Provide PROTECTION against coastal

floodingflooding RELIABLE energy productionRELIABLE energy production No production costNo production cost

DISADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES

CHANGES TO:CHANGES TO: EcologyEcology Hydrodynamics of estuaryHydrodynamics of estuary Water qualityWater quality Recreational activities within estuaryRecreational activities within estuary

Affects a wide ranging areaAffects a wide ranging area Long construction timesLong construction times Only produces energy for 10 hrs per dayOnly produces energy for 10 hrs per day

TIDAL ENERGY SCHEMESTIDAL ENERGY SCHEMES

Tidal Tidal energy energy schemescheme

Build Build time time yrsyrs

Capacity Capacity MWMW

Load Load factor factor %%

Cost Cost £/kW £/kW (1992)(1992)

Generation cost Generation cost p/kWhp/kWh

8% DR8% DR 15% DR15% DR

Severn Severn barragebarrage

1010 86408640 2323 12501250 7.27.2 16.216.2

Mersey Mersey barragebarrage

55 700700 2323 12801280 7.17.1 14.314.3

Wyre Wyre barragebarrage

22 63.663.6 2424 14701470 6.86.8 12.412.4

Conway Conway barragebarrage

22 33.433.4 2121 16101610 8.78.7 15.715.7

LIMITATIONSLIMITATIONSThe World Offshore Renewable Energy Report 2002-2007The World Offshore Renewable Energy Report 2002-2007: : 3000GW 3000GW tidal energy tidal energy availableavailable <3% <3% suitable areas suitable areas for power for power generationgeneration Site Site specificspecific

ASSUMPTIONSASSUMPTIONS

Assume tidemill Assume tidemill devices not devices not advanced enough advanced enough technology and technology and no EU funding to no EU funding to contribute – base contribute – base projections projections entirely on entirely on barrage schemesbarrage schemes

PROJECTIONSPROJECTIONS

CURRENTLY: NO INSTALLED CAPACITYCURRENTLY: NO INSTALLED CAPACITY 2020: possible range 30 MW to total 9.5 GW if 4 2020: possible range 30 MW to total 9.5 GW if 4

schemes implemented, but too expensive – schemes implemented, but too expensive – therefore unlikely therefore unlikely

2030: Energy Technology Support Unit - total 2030: Energy Technology Support Unit - total potential at 50 TWh - 3 PJ per year, if all potential at 50 TWh - 3 PJ per year, if all potential sites are developed – including Solway potential sites are developed – including Solway Firth, Dee, Thames, Wash and Humber barrages Firth, Dee, Thames, Wash and Humber barrages – again unikely– again unikely