Tibetan English Dictionary (Jaschke 1883) - Row 8

8/8/2019 Tibetan English Dictionary (Jaschke 1883) - Row 8

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596

hai hu

to Sch. also an interjection expressiveof

pain (?).

^Q" hai a Chinese word, shoe C.

.

hau-spa-ba n. of a medicinal herb

hags Lea;, sugar, treacle 6s., hags-kyi

Id-tu.

KP- han? han- dzom-pa to squander, to dis-

sipate Sch., han-ca-byed a squanderer

Sch.

"^' hdn-ba, W. *hdn-ce's

to pant, to gasp.

hdd-kyis suddenly Sch. had-po?

Mil.

^

had-hdd or hur-hur, with *cd-ce* to

exert one's self, to strive W.

- han-lddii W. 1 . dumb, mute, *han-

ddn-ni(s}pe ra*a stammering, also:

a confused, unmeaning speech. --2. im-

becile, weak of mind.

T han-hon v. ha-na-ho-ne.

Kjn* â^ 1- a mouthful, hdb-za byed-pa, hab-

hdb zd-ba to devour greedily, e.g.of

dogs, pigs etc., hab-bcdd a needy wretch,

astarveling, famishing person. 2. a stitch,

in sewing, also *hdb-ka* C. *hdb-so* W.,

hab- fsem-pa to make here a stitch and there

a stitch, as in quilting Mil. nt. 3. hab-

god v. ha 3. 4. v. the following article.

Mb-sa a dispute, a quarrel, Mb-sa

byed-pa Mil., Thgr ,to dispute, to

quarrel; hab-tob byed pa to scramble for,

to strive or contend for Pth.

hdm -pa 1. avarice, covetousness,

greediness; W. also vb.: to covet,

*zdn-ni nor-la* after a person's wealth; to

long for, to yearn after, *Jeoi 'd-ne hdm-te

dad dug* his wife sits yearning (after him) ;

hdm-pa byed-pa Sch. : to be covetous. -

2. strength Cs.; courage, bravery W., of men

and animals. 3. white film onliquids etc.,

mould 6'.,*hdm-di or -ri* a musty, fusty

smell C., W. ; *hdm-por cdg-kan* W. mouldy,

musty, *ham-ce* W. to get mouldy. 4.lie,

falsehood, C. --hdm-pa-can 1. covetous,

avaricious; greedy, voracious. 2. courageous;

one Lex. explains rlam-Kyer by Mm -pas

Kyer-ba(?}; *hdm-pa cun-se* W. cowardly.

*o5|*^\ ham-bur W. rime, hoar-frost?

^x; Mr suddenly, Mr Idn-ba to rise sud-

denly Mil.] *har si jhe'-pa* to rouse

suddenly from sleep 6'.; har-gyis (Sch. had-

kyis)more precise form of the adv. Tar.

"^* Mr-re empty, open, Tar. 1 15, 16 Schf.

Mi-pa a porridge, made of milk,

butter and honey.

Ml-ba to pant, to wheeze, to snort,

hal-kyiapanting dog

Sch.;

*hal-

med* W. weak.

has exaggeration , hyperbole ,has - cer

smrd-ba Cs,*he gyab-ce* W. to exag-

gerate, to talk big, to brag.

K^r^J"^" hds-po-ri n. of a mountain in C.,

(jrlr.

Zfhi numeral: 59.

S'rrjy hi-dig, or hig-dig, W. *zer-ce* to blow

'

one's nose.

LT hi-md-la-ya Ssk.,= gaits-can the

snowy mountains, Him laya.

^ .

5S *% hi-ra Ssk. diamond.

K'^'hi- corn-Stack, *hi-ri gydb-ce* W. to

pile up a stack of corn.

S-(-nr-hi-lin noise,*hi-lin tan-Kan* W., bully,

brawler.

"

hi-hi ha-hd.

OTI-

*

hii ka Sch. breast-bone.

%' %-â *ne act ^ sobbing,

*hig tdn-te dug or gydb-te dug*

he is sobbing W.; *hig)dn (lit. sbyaii} dug*

is said to be an expression used of aLama,

when he is watching the gradual depart-

ing of the soul of a dying man.

3C.' hi/t, f^p, = sifi-kun, Asa foetida.

^T^'^J'lv* hin-du-std-ni, C.: *hin-du-td-ni

''-0 ^

^'*, Hindoostanee, the language

of the Hindoos.

'

his Pur.: "hiz yon* he is panting.

hu \. W. breath, *hu gydb-ce* to breathe.

,..r;p.,' }K1;j

to &11. also an i n t e r j ~ c i o n expreillive of

Illin (l).

~ Ita; • Clline<e word, shoe r...:

~ ! f . : r nuu"pa-ba D. o f . medicinal herb'" .u«i.~ 4atp 1.A.r. sup. treacle Yo, M!I"J.yi... w-tu.

~ '«Ii' /w.....(l::om-pa 10 squander, 10 dis.siPlte &A., ltuJi-la.-bytd a squandem

&1,.

"i!:".:::r Itdit-&., W ·'ItJit-h' 10 pant, to gasp.

. : : . : : : ~ ~ hdd-I:!!i! suddenly &h. - l l a d · p ( ) ~J \ Mil.

:r)'7'," had·/ldd or hur-kur, with ·i:tJ..tl· toexert one's self, to suivc W.

~ ~ lWIl·lddli W. l . dumb, mule, ·/lIUl-

dlin-lii (')pi 1'0.- a stammering,illso:l \ confused, unmeaning speech. - 2. im·

becile, weak of mind.

"}-'Y1i' IlulI-Mn \'. ha-nq.-ho-.IV.

~ hab I. a m o u t h f u ~ lui.f>.za bgid-pa, hub-40.6 =d-&< to del 'our greedily, e.g. of

dogs, pigs etc., h Q ~ t i d a needy wretcb,

a swveliog. famishing perllOO.- 2. • stitch,

in se1...iog, .Iso -hdfN:a'" C °M.b40· W.,

A a b - . ~ to make here a stitchandtbere

• llliteb, as in quilting MiL m. _ 3. Aah

g(Kl v. 40 3. - 4. ". the following article.

7f-tf Ad/Ha a dispute, a q u a r r t ~ Ado-Aa

byftl-pa AIil., TN,p, to dispute, 11)

qUlrn!:l; A,ab-fdb bgid pa to scramble for,10 stri"e or contend for PM.

~ ' ' f I I d m ~ p a 1. avarice, covetousness,greediness; W: allKl vb.: to co,·et,

-zan-til' MI..lo- after a perwn'a wealth; tolong for, to }'ellro after, -Em 'd-ne I.(/m-it

dad d u his wife sits yearning (after bim);

Adm_pa byld-pa &/1.: to be eovet(\us. 2. strength C;.; courage, bravery If., of men

nnd IIDimals. - 3. white film on liquids etc.,

mould c,:, ·Aam-rji or _ri'" ll. musty, fusty

smell ()., IV,: ·lulm-fXJ'" tag-fan· IV. mouldy,

musty. "Aam-tt! II". to get mouldy. - 4. lie,

falsehood, G: - l«im-p<Wan. 1. covetous,

avaricious; greedy, vlN'3.cious. 2. courageous;

ODe La. explains ,,14m-fyir by ham_pcu

I!.vb-bar); ·/.am-pa lVli.u'" W: cowudly.

~ . Iulm-bur IV: rime, hoar-frost?

y:: hal" suddenly, Itar /d,;-oa to rise sud-denly JIil.; -ha" v )""_pa. 10 rouse

suddenl}' from sleep C.; IIor-UyU (&k fwd

l.-yil) mOn!: pn:eiae form (If Lhe ad,. Tar.

: ; r : ~ ' Mr-rtempty, open, Tllt.IIS, 16 &hi

rr.:r lull-pa ll. porridge, made of lUilk,

butter and hooey.

1'-r.:::r Adl-ba to pant, 10 wheeze. to snort.hal- ~ ' ! I i a pallting dog &It.; ·"ul

mM'" IV. weak.

7'-'\f ha5 exaggeration, hyperbole, !leu - ttl"~ m r a - b a £', .A! !Jyab-tt· W to exag·

gerate, to talk big, to brag.

. c ; : . . , , ~ . ~ £ : . ! J a 3 · ~ l ' i n. of l \ mountnin in C,/ . Gil..

't'. J . ' I'? "l Dumem : 59.

1 ' ~ ~ ' 1'WJ.ig, or ilig-ilig, W: . : h ~ - to blow

ones nose.1 · ~ ~ v . r Ai-md-la-ya SIk.•_ Ua".-tan thl'

r::.. snowy mouotAins. Him :Laya.

~ hi-ra .$d. diamond.

~ . ~ . Iri-ri corn-stack, ·Ai-ri !/!Jub-ff'" U". to

pile up • "tack of rom.

~ ~ Ai-Jiic noiu:lti-li" to ....fa1l.· W., bully,brawler.

1',' Ai-J.i - 1I00"u.~ ' ? hii ka &11. breul·bon•.

rr m- Itig. Ioig-l:a the act of sobbing.

• ·Jaiu td"-tt dltUor !l!Jdb-ttduU·

he i sobbing W:; -'ug )dH (lit. fb!JON) (114[/

is said to be an uprcssion used of nLama,

when he watching the gradual depart

ing of the soul of a dying man.

~ Ai,i, tlt. - ~ i , i - . h . m . A,a fOt!tI'da.

~ . ~ . y ~ . Mn-du-sta-Ili, C.: ·hill-du·td-l1i

..... kt-, Bindooslanee, Ihe lungungeof the HiDdoos.

~ ~ hU Pur. .- ·"iz yo;,· he is panting.

~ hU I.W. breath. .,,11. fI!Iab-U" to breathe.

...., - 2. num.: 89.



597

hii-ka

the hookah, with an

horn-pa

order, com-

KVT

inflexible tub.-.

I ////-//// VT., JL>N3>0

I

mand.

hii-kyii the sound of sighing /'///.

l'-'>" { *'

&*k. (h it-no) n. of an an-

cient people, the Huns;?).

hu-ân-dhi (!} Sch.: title of the

Chinese emperor.

hu-n'\ mig hu-reOduy he stares, he

goggles, with wonder, horror, confu-

sion Mil., Glr.] miy-hur Miig.

KVlCK^hu-sar (from the Hind, hosyart}

\ o| (grown) well again, being again live-

ly, active; diligent, sedulous W.

hu-hu 1.interj. expressive of pain

x.- XT from cold 6s. 2. 'the sound of one's

mouth ineating' Cs. 3.

*hu-hu tdn-ce*

W. to whistle.

R' /"~iii JTf^. ^^, mystical interjection, e.g.

<i -Z*; in the prayer of six syllables, v. ^'

Q,

* hun W. (= ca, Ion, prin) news, tidings,

>o intelligence, information, *hun tan-ce*

to give account or notice, to inform, acquaint,

let know, *fsar-na hun tori* tell me (let me

know) as soon as it is finished ! *hun fsor-

be* to get intelligence, to receive news; *hun

ma yon or mi duy* we have no newsyet;

disclosure, explanation, opinion, idea, *<*' y6d-

pe.hun

/,//(></-/<i )un yin* you shall get an

idea of what kind of ... are to be found,

*sem-can fun-canzig yin-pe hun /id-la )u/t*

I have got the notion that this is avery

quiet animal; *re->rei hun ell-tar se* whence

have you such accurate information of everyone of them ? *ser-dub tlil-te hun ma ju/l*

he did notperceive

it when thering

felloff;

*hu?i-med-la*unexpectedly, unawares.

j^q.hub as much as is swallowed at once,

>o a gulp, a draught. to</-mar hub reOfun

:///at iirst take only one mouthful, one

draught at a time Glr.;hub

yc-ig one mouth-

ful, hub do two mouthfuls Cs.; hub-ki,is by

draughts Sch.; hub- hub byed-pa to drink

in large draughts, togulp.

- hur 1. v. hu-rt. 2. hur-hur v. had-

hail.

hiir-badexterity, cleverness, skilful-

ness ('., Inir-tdy id., also zeal, dili-

gence Sch.; hui'-po

i .

quick, alert, dexterous,

clever. 2. hot, hasty, passionate /,'/.. rte

o a fleet, spirited, fine horse ('*.

hus Cn. moisture, humidity, h;<x-can wet.

he 1. num.: 119.interj.: o! holla!

Cs.; he-he \. id. Cs. 2. = ha-ha, he-he

zer bgdd-pas she laughed: he, he! Glr.-

he-tu Ssk.

cause, reason, argument, logic.

he-bat/ provocation, taunts, sarcasms.

*

Ssk. he-wajra, 3,^1'Tibet, kye^rdo-

ije Cs.: n. of a god ;n. of a series of treatises.

K'^-m'he-ru-ka

terrifying deities, also Krag-1

Ofut'i, Thgr. frq., he-ru-kai ryyud

legends of wrathful deities.

j'^T hey-po having become putrid, rancid.

j'^j' M-yeSch.: soft leather, wash-leather.

hel-po, liel-can, *hel-hel* W. wide,

extended;of garments : wide, easy :

hel-ba id. and sbst. : width Sch.

ho num.: 149.

$^'ho -ma Ssk.

prop.: burnt -offering of

butter; = sbyin-srey v. Wan. (194);

Schl. 251;ho-ma byed-pa to sacrifice; horn-

kn it a smallpit

or a triangular box used

as an altar for such an offering.

'

ho-hointerj.

of admiration Cs.

v-u<T*hon-len a medicinal herb, Picnn--

/7//ca,frequendy to be found on the

mountains, Hook. I., 272.

*

hon-hdn stupid, foolish Cs.

hob-pa, W.: *hob-te duy* it has got

bent in or battered, of tin ware.

JMV horn (Mongol word?) a pad, placed

under a camel's load.

hom-pa W. to fall away, to lose flesh.

e.g. of hollow cheeks, to shrink, to

shrivel, of withered fruit.

:i""T lril-ka, Ar. ....b. the hooklh, ..·jlh al l

inl1uiltle tulH-.

4 ~ AI4·hfm I I . .-b. Unh, order, com·~ ,-mand.

~ ' § ' Im-J.'yu the l'Ound of sighing !'tA.

~ . ~ . AiHIU (. : &J:. (Ait-l.a) n. of nn IUI

..... dent 1lf'Qllle, ~ h HUllS,?).

:<;..... _ . ~ . IlIl-_ali -dM ( ~ &11..: tide of the, ~ Ch""""' :;; IUe!l6 cmperor.

. q ' ~ ' I t .r i . IIlfg It,,-n .d.!J he SWI!S. he

..... gogglts, 'l\"jlh . .-onder, horror, confu

SioD Mil., Glr.; JrIIig-Aitr M"9-;;'-B=\ hu-Ati,. (froll' Ihe Hind. ,\t,iydr1)

..... ":l; (grown) well again, b e i n ~ aguio li\'e

Ir, active; diligent, sedulous IV.

_ . ~ ' IIU -M I l . interj. expl"essi\'c of pnill

::l..... from cold OJ. - 2. 'the sound of olle'smouth io entiug' C•. - 3. °hu_A' tail-u·n'. to whistle.

~ Juim,:Jn(. 1P{. mYlllicnl interjection, e.g.

" .in the prayer of six s y l l a l . o l ~ v. i j(

'"\' hun n (- la, Ion, i""n) news, tidings.

..... int..Uigl"nce, io(ormatioD, -" ." taJi-lt"

to gi\·c aeeountor notice,to inform,acquaint,let know, "har-,," 111m eo,,- tell me (let me

know) as soon AS it is finished! "/mn ( ~ O " bo' to get intelligence, to receive nows; "I,UI,

Ill" !JON. ormi dllfl" we have

110

news yet;disclosurt, explanation. opinion, idea, "H ydd_

pe lum l!y6d-lo. j .... yin" you shall get an

idea of ...hat kind of . . . a,e to be found,

"M1It-nrR ("II-am !:ig yilt-})/' hit,. ,jd-lo. ju':""

1 have got tbe notion that thill is a ,"ery

quietlUlimalj " ~ i i hUll ai· tar." "hencehave you such .«:Unlte informa.tion of c\'eryooe nf them? "«r-duo r.jil-tL lilt" ma jll,j"

lIe did not pereei"e it when the ring fell off;"hllll-lIlal-ta" L1nexpectedly, unawares.

~ hub as luuch lUI is swallowed . t OIlCI",

..... a QuIp, a draLight, tdg-IJWr I••b rl ,,(un.

zig at tiTSt tAke only onc IllOGtbful, une

dTl'L1gbt at;L time Gl,. ; "Jl.0 f one moulbful, 1ltb do two mouthfuls w.; A ~ I : ; ' " bydrau«bts &. l j "Jl.b-JWo byid-po. to drink:

iu large dtaught ., to :;WI"

'.7

7\' In,,. l . v. Jr...ff. - 2. J".,.....!tin' Y. Md-

load.

:r-'.:r hilr-ba dexterity, e1tvemeu, IkOfll&-

..... ness C., /tur-ldfl id., .Iso zeaf, dili

gence &Ja.; /tilr_po I. qLrick, alert, dexterous,denr. 2. hot, hasty, passionate l..d.; ria

Mr·}'o n llcet, s(,il'ited, fine IJOrse ( •.

~ ~ Ina U. moisture, humidity, M,,-tall wct.

~ Joe 1. num.: 119. - i. iutcrj.: o! heRa!c,.; hN.e I. id. (..I. 2. = ho-4«, k-IJ

zero bgdJ-ptU she laugbed: h ~ he! Gir.,iJ" hJ.tu &/:. cause, rtuon, argument, logic.

,7 ' Jw...baS provecalion, taunts, 1afUsms.

. ' ";-.::lr &1.:. I."l("a)ro, ...;[ Tibet I , ! ~ r d ( ) -11t (ll.: n. of I god; n. of Il. $Cries of treatises.

~ ' . : : : r r r M-I-u-ka terrifying deities, 1 I 1 ~ I!rUflI ~ o f i ~ I i , Til!!,.. frq., M-I'u-kai I'!IY"d

legends of w",\bful deities.

~ - ; - - : " AIy'po havinK become putri4. rancid.

~ ' : f " IIIl &.4: soft leathI!!'. wash-leather.

q . - r ~ 1m-po, IJI..<a>t, 0MJ._AH.- n: wide,

, extended; of garments: wide, easy;hll-bu ill. IIlld sbsL: width &A.

F:{ M Dum.: 14\.1.

1",;r "0-1IIa &1.:. llroll.: burnt-offering of

buuer; - I b ! l ' · " . ~ r ' : 9 v. U'QI (11).4.);M. :151; h ~ f l t ( I byld-pa 10 sacrifice; 11&",

C-U>f. a smaU Ili\ or II trillngullU" box u,;eJ.

i\S an .It... for such ao offering.

~ : Ao-A6 iottrj. of .dmiratioo W.

~ . , . ~ AOti-lht a me<licin&l. herb, I"'inw-rAi.:a., frcquent.ly to be fOGod on the

moontaios, 11001:. I., 27'1..

~ . ~ . lum-Mn stupid, fooli$h (,•.

a:r.:J' I.db-po, H ~ "Mb-tt dll!J" it hAll ~ o I • befli in or battered, of till ......re.

au .4oIft (:\lougol word?) • pad, Illacedr ' uoder. camera I ~ d .*.:r M-pa n: to 'an away, to lose 8c..b,

e.g. of hollo," cbeeks, to shrink, t,shrive&, of withered fruit.



598

hor I" lha

js. /tor 1. formerly: a Mongol Jwrjin-gin-

' lean the Mongol Djingiskhan; hor-ser

Shara Sharaighol n. of a Mongol tribe Glr.;

hor-yul Mongolia. 2. at present: in 61

. the

people living near the Tengri-nor (nam-

mfso); in W. the Turks; hor-zla a Turkish

month.

Note. 6s. has only the second of these

significations, Sch. only the first (the latter

using Cs.'s examples and changing all the

Turks into Mongols!) The suppositions of

Latham seem still less consistent with the

real state of the case.

hor-fcons Sch.: deficiencies, gaps;

separation' (?).

hor- dra Sch.: 'confiscation, hdr-

Odra bdbs-pa to confiscate'

(?).

hor-pa wood-grouse or cock of the

wood Sch., hor-pa dkdr-po aspecies

of hawk Sch. (?).

hol-hol W. soft, loose, light,as the

Soil in spring, *hol tdn-ce, hol-te

bor-ce* to break up, to loosen (the soil).

Kcn-q- hrdg-pa 1. vb., to require more and

more, to covetincessantly Ma., W.

2. sbst., adj. hardness, hard 6s.

Kr'H' hrdn-ba \. alone, cf. ran, *tfa*an~irdn-

la yon son* I came alone6'., p'o-hrdn,

mo-hrdn single man and woman, = po-rdn

etc. 6'. 2. with dinar preceding, naked 6'.

hrdd-pa I. to thrust, to push violently,

to Stem firmly, *kdn-pa sig-pa-la* W.

to stem the foot against the wall. 2. to

scratch, sgo-la pyag-hrdd-pa Oga mdzdd-pa

(his Reverence) made several scratchings

with his hand, scratched several times, at

the door Mil. 3. to exert one's self, to

make every effort W., *srdd-can zum-ce or

tdn-ce* id. W.

hrab-hrib C. **rab-ba-srib-be* Ld.,

v. rab-rib.

hrdl-ba to rend, tear up, tear to pieces

e.g.of a beast of prey : to tear up a

person's body; *sral son* he has torn it to

pieces 6'., W, hral-hrdl Lex.

re- hri Cs.: 'Ssk. essence, substance; a niys-"*

tical word'.

hrig W. *srig-la tdn-ce, srig-ga tdn-ce*

to hang (a thief), **rig-la si-ce* to hang

one's self.

hrig-pa Cs., mig (or resp. spyan)

hrig -hrig byed-pa orOdug -pa, (==

rig-rig},to look this way and that, hither

and thither Mil.nt.; hrig-ge-ba looking in

that manner Thgr.

^V- hrid; S.g.; rnd-ba hrid Jbyar is ex-

"^ '

plained by Wdn. : rnd-ba Ihdg-pa

pyogs-su byar the ear leans feebly on the

neck, as a sign of death.

hril-po

1-

round, globular,hril-hril

byed-pa to wrrithe with pain, hril-

hril kar-kdr byed-pa to be writhing, and

then again stretching one's self or starting

up Pth. -- 2. whole, fse hril-por for the

whole life Glr., mgo hril -gyis ytum

- nas

wrapping up his whole head Glr. 3. close,

dense, hrilOdus-te

Odug-pa to sit or stand

close together in rows MiL, C., W. Cf.

ril-ba.

hriid-pa adj. and abstract noun,

rough, rugged; severe, austere; rough-

ness etc.; hrud-po adj. id. 6s.

krum-pa to break, to smash Sch.

hrul-baadj.

and abstr. sbst. ragged,

tattered; raggedness, hrul-bai dug-

po a ragged coat Mil.; hrul-po id., gos hrul-

poDzl and elsewh.

frq.

2. sbst. :

rags,

tatters, gos-su hrul-po gyon-pa to put on

rags for a garment Pth.; hrul-Kan a ruin,

ruins Sch.

hrem-pa swollen Sch., hrem-me id.

Mng.

oi lha, Ssk. ^^,1. the first class of beings

1

subjectto metempsychosis, the gods,both

those of Brahminical mythology, and the

various national and local

gods,with whom

Buddhism came in contact. These local gods

were incorporated into the system of Bud-

dhism, when they were found to be too

numerous and too much endeared to the

people, to be entirely discarded and given

up; so, most of them are worshipped even

nowadays and presented with various offer-

ings. They are also supposed to enjoy a

'98~ lha

af. 1101' I. Carmcdy: a Mongol /wr jin-gin., .... /lan tlie Mongol Djingiskhno; Iwr-sb'

Silara Sharoigl,ol n. of n )foogol triLeGlr.;

hdr-yul MOII,Qolia. - 2. l i t present: in C. the

people living nea.r the Tengri-1Wr (illlun.

mtsc); in W. the Turks; luJr-zla a Turkish

month.

Note. (,8. has only the second of these

significations, Seh. only the first (tbtl laUer

using C,. '3 examples and changing all the

Turks into Mongols!) The suppositions of

Latham seem still less consistCllt with the

real state of the cn.se.

~ : F ~ ~ ' hor-lin,is Se/I.: deficiencies, gaps;separation' (1).

~ . ~ . Itdr.¢dra Sck: 'confiscation, lwrodra bJbs-pa to confiscate' (?).

~ ' . q ' 1I61'"1'a wood-grouse or cock of thewood Seh., Mr-[XJ dkur.po n species

of hawk &h. (?).

1 ~ ~ . . f I l Q ' : - / ~ l lV. ~ o f t , loose, light, as the

g011 10 Spnng, -hot td,j·te, fldl-teoor-M'to break op, 10 loosen (the soil).

~ : !wo.g-pa 1. vb., to require more and

more, to covet incessantly Ma., II:

- 2. sbet., adj. hardness, hard (s.

I:ff:::r hro.li-ba 1. alone, d. rati, -;ra,j-lro.Ji_

la yo,; SQlj-1 came alone G, ~ h r o . l i .1IlQ-ltro.Ji single !Dan and wOlDan, .,. llo-"/hi

elc. C. - 2. with dlllar preceding, naked G

~ ' . q ' !wdd-pa 1. to thrust, to push violently,

to stem finnly, -kd,i_pa 3ig-pa-lu- W.

to slern the foot against the wall. - 2. to

scratch, sUO-la hag-IO'lid-pa ofIa md::dd-pa(his Reverence) made ~ e l ' e m l s c r a t c h i l ' l g ~with his hand, scratched se\'eral times, at

the door Mil. - 3. to exert one's self, to

make every effort n ~ -ti"dd-can zUlIl-a or

to.Ji-U' id. W:~ . ~ . !Irab-!Irib C. -.l'a&-ba-;,·ib-lHl" Ld.,

-V ' -v' \'. I'M-rib.

~ . . : j ' . q ' lwdl-ba to rend, tear up, tear to pieces

e.g. of a bellst of prey: to tear up aperson's body; -;;ral80li- he has toro it 10

pieces c., W, hral-!mn Lu.

~ !lri 0.: '&k. essence, s u b ~ t a n c e ; a mysticlIl word'.

~ Illig lV. -irig.la tdn-Ce, ir(q-ga tdJi-fe

to hang (n. thief), -:I'ig-la fi-M' to hang

one's sclf.

~ . q ' Jlffg-pa a., mig (or resp. 8p1Jail)

'mg-Iwig b!Jid-pa or odug-pu, (=rig-rig), to look this way nod that, hither

aDd thither Mil. nt.; Inig-ge-ba looking ill

that manoer 'i'llfl'".

~ _ Itrid; 8.g.; 1"1111-ba l,rid o"yar is ex

:vl plailled by Wwi.: rnd _ba Illo.g pa

py6g8-8U "!jar the ear leans feelily Oil thl.'

neck, as a sign of death.

~ ' ~ r ' fhril-po

l .round, globular, hril-krilb!JCd-pa to writhe with pain, lln'l

l,dl kar-/.·dr "yixl-pa to be writhing, and

then again stretebing o n ~ ' s self or starting

ul' PIll. - 2. whole, (51' lnil_por for the

who11' life Gl,.., lIJ!}Q 1Irll- !llIis ftilln - 110il

wNlpping ulI b i wllole head Glr. - 3. close,

dense, ',nl odus-le odug-pa to sit or stand

close togcther in rows Mil., C., IV. Cf.

ril-bu.~ ' = . J ' Imid - pa lIdj. and a l l ~ t r a c t nouo,..", rough, rugged; severe, austere; rough.

ness etc.; Iwud_po adj. id. Ct.

~ ' . q ' ',rum-p« to break, to smash Sdl.

"'':./',::r ',,"ul-ba adj. aod llustr. sust. ragged,

tattered; raggedness, 100ul-bai il/lg

po a rllgged coatMil.; Ill'ul-po id., gfJ8 11I'1Il

po D::l. lind eiseli'll. frq. - 2. sllst.: rags.

tatters, yOs-su Iwul-po 9yJII-pa to put on

rags for a j:tarment 1'rk; IlrUl-MaJi a ruiu,

ruins Belt.

~ ; : r : f Iwilll-pa swollen Seh., J,rem-me id.

M,ig.

r,;!" lha, &k. ~ ~ L the first elMS of beings

'<) subjectto metempsychosis, the gods,both

those of Brahmillical m}'ulOlogy, and the

various national and local gods, with w!lomBuddhism cume in contact. These locnl gods

were incorporated inw the system of Bud

dhism, when they were fnuud to be too

numerous lind too much endeared to the

people, to be entirely discardedund given

up; so, most of them nrc worshipped evell

nowadays aod presented with various offer

ings. They are also supposed to enjo)' a



II,,,

l)li>stul (\i-tence (hemr: tlt'-ri/i llni-yi 111/1-

1/iu xtir 'tliis day \\a> ;i day of happUMMto me' Glf., :in<l .-imilar r\|nvii>n>. are of

fr<|.otviiin nee; v. also lha-i/ul)

and to be

possessedof qualities and

capacities superior

to those of ordinary human beings. Never-

t lido.-, \\lini compared with any Buddhist

saint, they are considered to be of inferior

rank and power; and a local(

lha can never

attain to Buddhasliip, without having pre-

viously u-sumed the nature of man; v.Kopp.

I, 122. 248. II, 2965. lhai bu or sras, bu-mo

or srds-wio descendant from the gods, son

or daughter of the gods Dzl. and elsewh.;

Uia mi fob-pa to obtain the birth as a god

or as man Thgy.; lhai yi-ge the Lantsa-

letters, v. tan-tsa; lhaObdb-pa the (mystical)

entering of adeity into a human being, in-

spiration, so that the person inspired pro-

nounces the oracles of the god, lha zugs-pa

id. pop. ;also : the person thus inspired ;

lha

ni Kyab-Jjiig-la mos as for

gods, they

wor-

shipped Vishnu Pth., lha md-mo-la byed they

worshipped the Mamo as a 'lha' Pth.; lhai

dbdii-po, lha-bddg,=

brgya-byin Iridra; in

another sense : lhai rgydl-po byed-pa to make

the gods subject to one's self, (said to be

the blessed consequence of a certain charm)

Do.; the following gods are occasionally

mentioned : ndm - mkai lha thedeity of

heavenTar.',

that of theseuDzl.;

thegods

of trees, of houses etc.; dgrd-lha and po-lha

are two personal gods of every human in-

dividual, the one being the god of the right

side, the other of the left side of his body

Glr., Mil. ; yi-tlam-lha v. yi-dam. 2. the

image of a god, in as much as it is really

thought to be inhabited by adeity, after

having been duly inaugurated (rub-tu ynds-

pa) Glr.; the local '/Aa' are not alwaysrepresented by figures resembling human

beings, but even by sticks, stones and simi-

lar fetishes; gods also of non-Buddhist na-

tions are called 'lha and are acknowledged

as such. 3.fig.

: ///// lha a king Mil., and

hence 'lha' is often used in addressing a

king, like the French Sire! Iha-^rgyal-yab-

yum the royal father and mother Pth.; t/i-

y

i/ilha the lord of Inrds. \\u- supreme being,

Buddha ' *.

Comp. l/m-l.-'i/t an idol-shrine, -lha-ycig

U dear Sir! dear Lord and King! l*tl,

princess Glr. - lh<t -!'<<'<m a princess /'///.

Ilin-'n'n a great and mighty deity. Ihd-

cos v. cos no. 2. -Ilid-r/f physician \\'<l/i.

lha-rten image or temple of a god or of

the gods. lha-fo (prob. for lhai to-y&r)

heaps of stones, erected on mountain passes

or on the tops of mountains. -- lha- dre

gods and goblins, lha kluOdre srin ydug-

pa mail Glr. 2. goblin, hobgoblin; *ltid-c<lre-

ber-ka* mullein (Verbascum) Lh.; *ldn-(le

non soil* W. I have had the night-mare.

///d-sde, mi-sde the class of the gods, the

class of men. lha-ndd Sch.: hysterics;

madness. lha-pydg honours shown to the

'//*', worship paid to them, pyogs bzir Iha-

pyc'ig mdn-po btsdl-te bowing towards the

tour points of the compass in token of re-

verence to the 'lha Pfh., often

only:

com-

pliments, kind regards, offered to respected

persons, in letters. lha-pyi n. of a moun-

tain in the south of Tibet Mil. lha-prug

a descendant from the gods, child of the

gods; as a mask Schl. 235. lha-prdn

inferior deities. - - Iha-brit-mlcan or -pa a

painter of gods. lha-Jbdns Tar.; Schf.:

slaves (doing service) in temples. lha-ma-

yin, lha-inin, ^rapr;,one of the six cla

of beings, living on the slopes of the Sumeru

below the(

lha' against whom, like Titans,

they are continually fighting; also Iha-ma-

yin-mo are mentioned. lha-ma-srin gods,

Asuras and Rukshasas, or perh. also: Iha-

iim-srin sde brgyad the eight classes of the

gods, Asuras, Rakshasas etc., i.e. the whole

world ofspirits.

Ihd-mo goddess. Um-

//Hi-rtd Sch.: a certain insect. Ihd-bzo1. the art of making images of gods 7V/<.

2. also lha-bzo-bo a fran?er of gods Glr. -

t/i<i-i(nl l. the region of the world where

the gods reside, the heaven, seat or abode

of the gods. 2. fig.: a blessed country, a

paradise.Ihd-sa (in early times Uia-lddn)

Sch.,K6pp. 11,332, n. of the capital of Tibet.

lha-srin gods and Kaksbasas; ste/'t Ilia-

ef' 11m

hlissful e x i ~ t e o c e (Ilence: dt:"riii llHJ-,lfi "!Ii.

III/I Jar ' t i l is dlly \ \US R day of hlll'llioC8S

to me' Glr" lotI t>imilar ~ l ( I J r e s s i o n s are of

fnl' O('curr('nce; \', also Iha.!I'll) nnd to be

possessed of Illlulities llntl cajll\Citiessuperiorto tllo!:ie of ordillliry humlln beings. Never

thl"le,;s, wilen compared with any Buddhist

Silint, the)' are considered to bo of inferior

rank aod power; and nlocnl 'lila' CIID never

H.tlain to BuddlLasllilJ, without Imving pre

v i o u ~ l ) ' nssumed the nature of mUll; 'I , K8J"1J1.

J, 12:!. 248. 11,296. lIwi bu or ,rus, bU.mo

or M'U_to d e . ~ c e n d l l l l l from tILe g o d ~ , son

01' daughter of the gods D::L Iwd elsewh.;

Ma mi f6b--pa to obtain the birth as n god

or llS mon Thg!J.; lIlai yi-ge the Lantsa-

letters, v. 1U1l.-ua; ina i}(jb-pa the (mY!:iticnl)

euterillg of n deity into ll. human being, in.

spiration, so thut the pel'son insl,ilell l 'ro

nounees the oracles of the god, lila U'!Js-pu

id. pop.; also; the person thus inspired; lila

ni Illlub-Jug.lu 11103 AS for gods, they wor

shipped Vishnu 1-'tII"lJw md-m(}o-la b!Jtd. the)'

worsbippcd the Mnmo as n'llla' J'tII,; lIwi

dlxiii-po, lJw.lxWy, = blY/9a-b!jilj Jndrl l; in

anotherscusc: lJu.li 1'!J9ul-po b!Jed-pa to mnke

the gods subject to one's self, (said to Ill,'

the blessed consequen"e of 11 certuin charm)

D<>.; the following gOI!s ore occnsioually

mentioned: JuiJll_mkal (I.a the deity of

heaven Tal',; that of the s ( ' , ~ D z l , ; tlle godsof troos, of bonses etc.; dgra-lAa nnd jHj-lna

llre two Ilel"$Onal gods of every humnn in

dividunl, the one ueing the god of the riA:bt

~ i d e , the other of the left side of his body

Gb·., Mil.; !Ji-dam.Um v, yi-dam. - 1.. the

image of a god, in as much as i is ......11.11)'

tbougbt to be inhabited by a deity, ufter

having been duly inaugurated (nib-fIt )'Tid.!-

pa) Gl,',; tlie local 'lila' arc not alwaysrepresented by figures resembling llUllinn

ueings, hut even by sticks, stones und simi

Inr fetishes; gods also of n o n - B u d d l l i ~ t nR

tions are called '/00' nnd lUI,' acknowh·tlged

11..'1 such. - 3. fig.: mli lim a king Nil., I\nd

hence 'lim' is oftm used in l I d d l ' e s s i a ~ I t

king, like the }'reucll Sire! U , ~ r g y a [ . . . ' I u b _yUill the I'O)'I\! f'lther and IDOlller 1'I1i.; lJuj·

r l

!/" I"a tILe 10rll of 10rlll>, tile suprclue btling,

Buddha G.,

Compo l"a_IM,; an idol·shrine. - I /w-fc iy

I del\r Sir! dellr Lord Md King! Prh, 2.

princess Glr. - IIm-IClim a princen l'lll,-lIw·'Ch1 n great and mighty deity. _lIui._

eo" \', COIl 110, 2, - IIl1i-rje physician min,

lIla'l'thl image or temple of n. god or of

tbe gods. - lIw-f6 (Ilrob, for llIui fo-.'fdr)

heaps of stones, erected on mountain [ll\Sses

or 011 the tops of mountains, - llI11-odre

gods lind goblins, 11m klu odre 1Irjn yduy

lJU mali Gil-. 2, goblin, hobgoblin; - { l . d - ~ d r e .ber-Ira- mlillcin (\"erbnscuro) LIt,; -lJn-(fenon 81')1,- IV, I bave had the nigLt·mare.

l I t d ~ d e , 1 I l ( ~ i J tbe class of tile gods, the

class of men. - lila - nlid &/1.: hysterics;

madness, - llla..y!Juy bonours shown to the

'lIw', worsbip pniu to tbem, l1J0f/3 bJ:lr lIUlJiydy mdli.po bt8l'1l-/iJ bowing towards the

lonr points of the compass ill token of re_

verence to thc 'Ula' 1't'1., often only: com·

pliments, kind regards, offered to respected

perSons, in letters, - lIIu.yyi n. of a moun

tuin io the soutb of Tibet Nil. - lI,a-ftrUy

l \ tlescendnnt from the gods, child of tbe

gods; liS l \ mask ScM. 235, - lila-fran

infelior deities, - U . a - 1 f t i ~ - l I I l l u n or -pa Il.

painter of g o d ~ , - liIa-iHi,il Tar.; &"l:slaves (doing service) in temples. - Ula-lII11

yin, lltu-m(n,' V ~ ,

one oftho.!

six clnsscsof beingll, lil<illg;n the slopes of tbe :: lUll letU

below the 'lila' agl\inst WhOlD, like Titans,

tbey arl'! continually liglliing; /llso llla-1I1lP

ljin-mo arc tnentioued. -lItu·ma-sri,. gods,

Asura.s and l ~ k s l l l \ S . : \ S , or perh. also: Ma-

ma_8rin ¥de b"!ll/ad the eigbt dllSsell of the

gods, A:>ur,lS, K i i k s b : I ~ 1 l l ! etc., i.e. tile wlloleworld of t>pirits. - lJ.d4lw goddess, - Illa

nl(j-rtli &11,: a certain iD»cct, - Md-b::o1. tile art of illaking image;; of gods 1M.

2, lllso U",-b::6-oo n fmOler of gods GIl'.

lhd-!I'd I. the region of the world where

the gods re:>ide, the ht'IWCD, seH.t or abode

of tile gods. 2, fig.: t1. blessed country. H.

Jlurndise. -1Jul.-sa (in elll!y times U w - I d < i , ~ )&h., K8pp.II,:l:l2, n. of the "apital of Tibet.

- Ula-.l'itl ~ o d s Illitl R l t k ~ b l l > , : \ s ; iteJi Ma-



600

lha-nd'

lhan

srin, j)g kht-ynydn, bar y%i-bddg, are often

mentioned in connexion. lha-srun tutelar

god,, bod-kyi Glr.

lha-nd knee-pan, pus-mo yyds-pai Iha-

nd sd-laOdzug-pa to kneel down on

the right kneefrq. ;

Iha-Kun the bend of

the knee W.

oj-rrIhd-ba AJed. and Pth., ace. to Wdn.

also klad-rgyds,Sch.:'the bloody mar-

row in the bones; whilst he translates rmai

Ihd-ba by : 'the growing worse of a wound'.

ofx- lha-ru Med.\ Sc/i. cartilage (cf. Iha-

'

gar sub lkog-md).

ojcn- lhag 1. more, beyond, *dd-wa cig lag'

son* more than a month has passed W.,

*nyi-ma-pyed lag son* W. it is already past

noon, rgyd-mfso-bas kyan Ihdg-ste as this

alone would be more than the whole sea

DzL; nyi-sus lhag more by twenty S.g.-

2. = Ihdg-ma. Ihdg-pa 1. adj. surpassing,

excelling, superior, Odi-las Ihdg-pai yzan cos

med Dzl. ; nyam-fdg-pa nd-las Ihdg-pa yod-

dam is there any one that is thinner than

I? Dzl.; de-rnams-kyi ndn-nas Ihdg-pa the

best amongst these Glr.', rgya hor ynyis-

las Ihdg-pa ned bod yin we Tibetans surpass

the Chinese and Mongols (in sagacity) Glr.

2. rarely=

lhag-ma: de-las Ihdg-pa the

others, the remaining S.g. 6, 1. de-lhag be-

sides, moreover. Ihdg-par adv. more

(magis) frq., mostly withadj., but also with

verbs, sin-tu Ihdg-par far more; very, ex-

ceedingly, uncommonly, Ihdg-par legs-pa un-

commonly beautiful DzL; ces Ihdg-par ex-

tremely, excessively Stg.; further, further-

more, moreover. Ihdg-ge-ba=

lhag-pa,

Ihdg-ge mdzdd-nas making itproject.

Ihdg-ma 1. remains, scrapings, snar bsad-

pai Ihdg-ma (the letters) which at the last

discussion remained, were left, (unexplain-

ed) Gram.; lha Ihdg-ma-rnams the other,

the remaining gods Stg. ;the remainder, in

subtracting Wdk. --2. razor-stone, razor-

strap Sch. 3. being above, being at the

upper part of, gron the place lying higher

up (the valley), opp. to ôg-ma Dzl.

Comp. lhag-bcas 1. having more than so

and so much, bhd-ra-ta slo-ka ^bum lhag-

bcas the Bharata of more than 100,000 verses

Tar. 2. the gerund in te (ste etc.) Gram.

lhag-mfon 'seeing more' (than other mor-

tals), in certain states of contemplation v.

zi-ynas sub zi.

Ihdg-gis=

Ihah-iier, lhag-gis Ocar

Thgr., byunMil.\ie shines bright,

Ihdg-ge-ba= lhan-ne-ba Mil.

Ihdg-pa I. sbst.,also yza Ihdg-pa

1. Mercury. 2. Wednesday. II. adj.

more excellent, v.lhag.

lhag(s}-pa I. sbst. cold wind, lag-

papog the cold wind has wither-

ed them (the flowers) W.; lo-ysdr Ihdgs-pa

the cold new year'swind Mil. II. vb.,

to come together, to meet, to assemble, with

other persons; perh. also: tojoin,

to be ad-

jacent or contiguous, of houses, beams etc.

ojr*r* lhah-tie, lhan-ne, lham-me, also Ihag-

ge, lam-me, lham-pa clear, distinct,

to the sight as well as to the ear; lhan-he

lham-mer ysal-te (Buddha) appearing clearly

and distinctly Dzl., in a similar sense : Iham-

me lhan-ne lhan-ner bzugs-so Pth.', clear,

sonorous; lf,yi-skad lhan-lhan-pa Mil. the

clear (loud) barking of dogs; Kyod lhan-lhan

glu-len-pa Mil thou clear-voiced songster;

lhan-lhdn brjod-la speaking with a clear,

sonorous voice. 6s. has: majestic, glorious,

sublime, august.

njj" lhad a baser substance mixed with a

finer one, an alloy, Ihad jug-pa orsre-

ba with la, Ihdd-kyis sldd-pa with accus.

Ml, to alloy, adulterate, Ihdd-can adulterated,

e.g.milk

6'.,lhad-med unadulterated, pure,

genuine, real;

il

fsighie" sor* C. or *zug son*

W. spurious words are admixed, falsehoods

have been artfully introduced; pyis Ihdd-

du bcug-pai fsig Tar. a later interpolation.

-2. Bal., *ylad\ fatigued, exhausted.

rijT-lhan together, Ihdn-gyis (when referring

^ '

to the subject of the action), Ihdn-nas

(as ablative case), Ihdn-du (the most frq.

form) with one another, together, lhan-fcig

(-tu\ and often lhan-cig(-tu}id.: bdag dan

lhan-ycig zan mi zd-na if you will not eat

together with me DzL, rta bcus Ihdn-du

rgyugs-pa ltd-bui sgra a noise as if ten

600

~ ' C : : ' lila-tid

"8r111, cog kbl.j7lyan, bar rH-I.xlug, are often

mentioned in connexioD. - l I l « ~ l ' i t t i tutelar

god, Md-k!li GIl'.'in:.. llla-lia knee-pan, pia-rna ryth-pai l h .., 'lid 8d-la ¢dzl'[l-pa to kncd down onthe right knee frq.; lJ,a.I.."Uit the bend of

the knee W

sr.::r· lM.-ba Jled. and Ptlt., ace. tu IVa,i..., also klad-ry!!tn, Sell.: 'the bloody milr

row in the bones; whilst he translatesrmai

Uui-ba by: 'the growing worse ofa woutld'.

~ ~ lha-I-It .Med.; Sell. cartilage (cf. 1ho.-

gdr sub lkOg-ma).

~ : t ] . Mag J. more, beyond, *dri-wa ely la!!'" so,,· morc tban a mOllth hns passed W:,*ll!Ji.ma..pF lag wJi* n it is already rustnoon, 1'!1ya-.rllf,o-IHl8 kyali lM,'1-8fe as t!.tis

alone would be more dum the wbole sen

Dzl.; nyi-AWl Mag more by twenty S'9- 2.... [hdg-ma. - lhdp-pa I. adj. surpassing.

excelling, superior, odi-Ias lhuS-pal' ytan ["Of

1Md D::l.; nyam_fay-pa lid-las Mag-pa y d d ~d4m is there an}' one t h a ~ is thinner than.l? Dzl.; di-mam....kyi ndli-nas thag-pa the

h c s ~ amongst these Glr.; rg,Yu hor rn!Ji8

l ( J J l l l l l i g ~ Mel hod gin we l'ibetllns s u q , a ~ ~the Chinese and Mongols (in sagllcity) Glr.2. rarely _ lIHig-lfIa: di-la8 {luig-pa tbe

otbers, the remaining S.g. 6, 1. rJe.lhug be

sides, moreover. - lhdg- par udv. more

(mng-is) frq., mostly witb adj., but also wilh

verbs, Sin_til. lllarrpul' far more; very, ex

ceedingly, uncommonly, lhdg-par li!p-pa un-

(:ommonly beautiful D::l.; loa {liag-par ex.

tremely, exces..«ivel}' Sty.; further, lurtl.er

morc, 11lO!"eO\'er. {luig-ge-ba = lhay-pa,

lluig-ge mdztid-nas muking i\ pl"Oject.

lhdy-mu 1. remains, scrapings, 8liar hSw:l

pai lhdg-ma (the letters) which at tbe !lISt

discussion rCluained, wele left., (unexplain

ed) Gram.; Ma {luig.ma-J·UtWI8 lbe other,

the remaining- gods Sty.; the remainder, in

subtracting Wdk. 2. razor-slone, razor

strap &h. - 3. being ubo\'c, being at the

upper part of, !JTVi' the plnce IJing h i ~ h e rup (the valley), opp. to ~ Q g - m a D;l.

Compo lhag-Uus 1. having mol'(! llian lIO

lIud so much, bhli-ra--ta ~ W · k a JNt l l lIlag.

e . , ~ . lhan

lX:lUthe Bharata ofmore than 100,000 \'ersesTar. t. tlie gC1'und ill Ie (ste etc.) Gram,

- {llUfj-mfoJi ' ~ e i n g more' (th:m other mor

tals), in celinin states of cOlltemplntion v.

N-ynas sub Zi.r : , = l ' j ' ~ ~ ' IMg-gil.f = lhun-ner, Iha!HJi8 ¢lar

Tltgr.,¢b1JllljMil. be shine» bright,IMg-gt-ba _ lhali-lie-ba Nil.

S!=l'j'':f' Uuig_pa I. sbst., also rzu lIuirrpa.., J. Mercury. 2. Wednesday. - lJ, adj.more excellent, v, llUlfl.

~ 9 ( ~ ) - . : r IIwg(s)-pa I. sbst. cold wind,My-pa jog the colo wind has wither

ed them (the flowers) W.; lo-)'SUI' Mdg8-po..the cold new ycnr's wind ~ l 1 i l . - II. \'b.,

to come together, to meet, to assemble, witlt

other persons; perL., also: to join, to be ad

jacent or contiguous, of houscs, beams etc.

~ c ...2: Mali-lit, lJlI1,1l.ne, lham-me, also lharrgt, lalli-nit, lham.pa clear, distinct,

to the sight :1S well as to tbe ear; tha,i-ilt

IIwm-1IIt1' fsal-u (Buddha) appearingc1earl}'

and distinctlyDzl.,in a similar sense: /}Iam

me lIla/j-lie Man-nil' b!:;ugS-8Q I'tl,.; clear,

sonorous; A'1Ji -8kad MWi-lI'ali-pa Mil, the

c1car (loud) barking of dogs; ll!]Qd.llw.iI-lhali

gbi,-kn-pa Mil thou c1eJ.r-voiced songster;

l/lail-Mdl; br)6d-la spenking with a clear,

sonorous voice, - Ct, has: majestic, glorious,

sublime, august.

r : : . l ~ ' lJoud a bnser substance mixed with lI.

.;; finer one, an alloy, lliad"jurrpa or Sl'e

1m wilh la, 1IIdd-k!Jis sldd-pa with accus.

Mil., to atloY,adullerate, l/uid-ixtn adulterated,

e.g. milk G, Mad-mAl unadulterated, pure,

genuine, real; · ( I . f i ! l ' ~ ' io'" C. or -Zug 801;-

W: llpurioul:i words are admixed, falsehoods

Illwe been artfully introduced; 1 ~ y i 3 lhdd

du. bi:Ug-pai (sig Tar. a later interpolation.

- 2. Bal., -fwd", fatigued, exhai/Sted,

r : , ~ - lJlan togetlier, l J l I i n - g l J ~ (wben referringto lhc subject of the action), thdn-n{l.8

(ns ahlative case), lIuin-du (tbe most frq.

form) wilh one anotlier, togetlier, than-rHg

(.tv.), and often Man-Cig(-tu) id.:-bilagdan

Man-rHy zan mi za-na if you will not eat

together with me D::l., rta /.K;u8 l/uin-dll

rgyuga-pa lta-bu.i 3[/I'U u noise liS if Uln



lhdn-pa

horses were trotting together (Hi-.; rfd-/r

/>r</i/n dait {/nitt-dti accompanied by a hund-

red men on horn-hack (Sir.; lining- clff)-

^.'/'s(-/"0 born together with, e.g. the V/m'

or',///' bum together with every human

being MIL; t/Hiti-x/w* -mid, runt a heredi-

tary disease or defect Med. lhan-rgyds 1.

'partner of the seal', i.e. a colleague using

the same seal in official business (Ihan-

yy///</.s-//// fi'-tse, or spyi-ddvri). 2. = l/tan-

;r/V/, *hlen-gy<j-la fsog or zuy* they have

come together.

Ihdn-pa I. vb., to join, to unite, *#a

Idn-ce* W. to kiss, *'M Idn-ce* id. resp.

II. sbst. 1. a patch, l/tdn-pas kldn-pa 7?.,

*hlcm-pa gydg-pa* C.} *gydb-ce* W.

} Odcbs-

pa, rddb-pa Mil. to patch, mend. 2. spot,

speck, blot, place differently coloured, ôd-

:/'T x(ir-ci/il/tdn-pa bzin-du a sunbeam form-

ing by reflection a bright spot Dzl.; Ihan-

fdbs appendix, supplement, title of a medical

book.

ojn*^jn*ZT lhab-lhdb-pa, lhabs-se IhabsSch.:

'to flutter to and fro, to glimmer,

glisten (?).

lhab-lhub wide, flowing, dar-ber

lhab-lhub a wide silk cloak; prob.

also sbst.: the moving to and fro, waving, me-

tog-gi of flowers Z)o., *1dab-hlub-tu sol* C.

loosen your dress! make yourself comfort-

able!

am- lham boot, also shoe; mcil-lham id.;

rgyd-lham a Chinese boot, sog-lham a

Mongol boot.

Comp. l/iam-skudt\v'me, used by shoe-

makers Schr. Iham-Kan-cen (prob. a Chi-

nese word) strong Chinese boots C. Ihdm-

mkan shoemaker Sclir. lham-sgrog shoe-

strap, latchet; string for lacing felt-leggings.

lliam-mfil boot-sole. Iham-yii leg of

a bootC's.,

lham yu-rw boots with long legs

Sch. Sch.: lham-krdd or -skrdd pieces

of leather, used for the patching of soles;

lham-gdg worn-out boots; Iham-^rdm the

upper-leather, the vamp; lham sgrd-yu-can

buskins; lham yu-cdd a sort of slippers to

which cotton leggings are sewed (?); rti/l-

Iham quarter-piece (of a shoe).

601

lli<iinx-ki/ix at once, all, every

thing Scli. ( T. ///- in.

lhas(-ma) 1. pen, fold, inclosure

for sheep C., W.; also W-m*.2. also l/i<'s(-ma) braid; wicker-work; texture;

also ofpastry, twisted cake or bun, cracknel

(W. *Zim-zag*}, also l/uts-i/ty.

Ihas-bstdn n. of the birth-place

of the mother of Buddha, ,sV,-.

Ihds-pa v. under slc-ba.

aj^T-^y' lhas-byin, g^g'-rT, n. of a cousin

T of Buddha who, as the legends

have it, was continually annoying Buddha

by malicious artifices, whereby, however,

the blameless character of the latter showed

itself but the more conspicuously; hence

proverbially used for any malicious character

Cs.

ojr* Ihin, cf. lins-pa] Ihiii - skrdn Sch. : a

tumor filled with matter, an abscess,

Ihlit-rtsa a full vein; Ihin cdd-pa Lt.}ace.

to Sch. : completely separated.

nj-Ihu part, portion of the body of an animal,

^, = Azug, Ihu-fsigs bcu-ynyis Sch.: the

12 chief parts (of an animal) resulting from

this way of dividing it, but elsewhere

18 such partsare mentioned; Uiu-i'u ysil-ba

todivide,

to

parcelout

Mil;share in

plough-land, v. sub spyod-pa I, 2.

'

Ihug v. Idug-pa to pour Cs.

lhvg-pa, Cs. : 'Ihuy-pa and Ihiig-ma

prose ]llmg-powide, diffuse, luxurious,

gos Ihug-lhug-poa very ample robe; UHKJ-

par amply, copiously, plentifully; ///*///-/w

smra-ba to speak diffusely, copiously, to

speak in prose'. Sch. adds: 'llnigs successive,

continuous; Ihugs-fsig and Ihug-pa conti-

nuousprose'.

The principal meaning, how-

ever, seems to be: uninterrupted, having no

gaps; unreserved; Ihug-par bsdd-pa=

spas-

ysdn-med-par bsdd-pa to explain completely,

without omitting any thing, *hig td/i-cc* Ld.

to give unreservedly, without limitation;

hence also: liberally, plentifully;met -ma

38*

~ = IIlfin-liu

horses were trotting together Gfr.; I'M-I/a

bry!Ja da'i 1I1f11l-drl flCCOlllllftllieJ by Il.IIIJJl(I

red luen 011 horsebftek Gfr.; IIWII(-i:lfJ)

J.:Jjrs(-IIlI) born together with, e.g, the 'fila'

or '"dre' boro together with every lLllm1\n

being Mil.; f l l a l l ~ k ! l r , 111la, T i l / a l \ lleredi

tary JiscftSe or defect Mtd IhUlI-"gYU8 I.

'plll'lnel' of the sCAI', i.e. n colleague using

the Sll.!ue seal in official b u ~ i n e s s (fl,ml

IYlIri.!-I'!Ji f,J-fu, or 'pyi-llriltl). 2, _ 11,(1/1

J't'i!J, -"ltn-g!l/-Ia fwg or Z/lrt they bo.ve

come togetber.

1io!C)"=r V u i l ~ p a I. vb., to join, to unite, -Ca

" ltin-te" IV, to kiss, -'tt ltin-te- it!. rcsp.

IT, sbst. 1. a patch, Mdn-lIu, Hun-pa 11.,

-/dim-pa !lydg-pa- C., -g!Jdb-ttl- Jv., "dCln

lJa, rdrib-pa Mil. to patch, mend, - 2. spot,

speck, blot, plnce differently coloured, ~ ( ) ( l :er"d,..tili lIuill-pa bzin-du a sunbco.m form

iog by reflection a bright spot D:f.; IIlIln

frib, appendix, supplement, title of II. medical

book.

g:;r'l'.q'=f 1I1ab-ll.db-pa, {/UJM-U ZhabsSel..:. . , . . , 'to llutter to nnd fro, to glimmer,

glisten' (?).

r.::':r;;'.q' l h a b ~ Y , i l b wide, flowing, Jar-ber

lImb-IIuib a wide silk cloak; prob.

also sbst.: themo\-wg totlndlIo, wnviog,1/Ie-

tog-ffi of llowers Do., -Mab·Mub-tlt w l C.

loosen )'our dress! make yourself comfort

liNe!~ lIwm boot, nlso shoe; mRZ-lJwm ill.;

" ''[I!Jd-llw/ll II. Chinese boot., ,dg-illam ll.

Moogol boot.

Compo l f l a m ~ u : u d twine, used by shoe

makers &llr, -lIlam-iUl;-'t1n (prob. \l. Chi

nese word) strong Chinese boots C. -{ham

tnJ.'ali shoemnker ScI".. -lIwm-wrOrJ shoe

strnp, Intehet; striog for lACing felt-leggings.

- U,am-m(il boot-sole. - l l , a r f ~ ! J l i leg of1\ boot Ca., l/,mll yu-t1li boots with long legs

Sell. - Scl,.: I I l O m ~ k " d d or ~ d : , . d d pieces

of lenther, used for tlie pntehing of soles;

l/Iam-gd{) worn-out boots; l/wl/l-o!JI'al/l the

u[lper-leatber, tbe vnrup; 1I1Clm 1IfII-o"fI'll·twl

buskins; flwm yu-crid 1\ sort of slippers to

which OOtlOIl leggiogs Me sewed (?); ,·thi

l/wm q u a r t e r ~ p i e c e (of a shoe).

GOI

~ 1 9 ' = r lI,uY-ZJa

' i ! ~ ~ ~ ~ U,am,-lyi. at once, llll, e\'cry.., tiling Sel,. Cf. fllf''I1I.

~ ' ~ r ( ~ ' ) lluu(-ma) 1. pen, fold, inclo$urcfor sheep c., IV.; also -/./1-1"1."-'

2. also iIlh(-ma) braid; wicker·work; texture;

ahlO of pltstry, twisted cake or bun, cracknel

(W. -zi/ll-::ar!), also llwMdg.

~ ' ~ . q ~ < ) IIws-/J$tdu n. of the birth-plACe., of the mother of nuddlm

lS8k.

~ " ' Z ; l ~ ' . q . IM4-pa Y. under , t U a .

r . : : , ~ · S o i ' f1Uls-b!Jin, ~ n. of l \ cousinof Buddha who, as the legends

havc it, WI'S coutinually nnoo)'ing Duddhn

by malicious artifices, whereby, howe\'er,

the blameless charneter of the lattcr slJOwed

itself but the more conspicuously; lIenee

!>roverbiaUy used for lUly mo.licious chamcter

G.

~ 1 : : : l I I i 1 j , c£.lbi,-pa; llti,i-,h·anSc/.,: 1\

.:;; tumor filled with wntter, an abscess,lIdli·rt8a a full vein; lllili (rid-pa Lt., 3CC.

to Sell.: completely sepamted.

~ . l h u part, portion of tile body of an animal,

...., - t zug, fllU-fBig, bi:u-rnyi8 Sell.: the

12 chief parts (of an nnimal) resulting from

this way i)f dividiug it, - but elsewhere

18 such parts are mentiooed; l/IU-ru r81'l-ba

to di\'ide, to parcel outlJ/il.; share in plough

lnod, V. sub 'pyoJ-pa I, 2.

~ ' : q - Zhug v, l d u g ~ p a to pour C8.

f:.!:rr.q' Ullig-pa, C,.: 'lImg-pa "nd 1I,ug-ma'1 prose; ll.1l!J-Jlowide, diffuse, luxurious,

goo IIwy-Mug-po a very ample robe; l/lugliar amply, copiously, plentifully; u,llg_plir

.mra-ba to speak diffusely, copiously, to

speak in prose'. Sell. tHlds: 'lImguueccssi\'e,continuous; IImf!'-(8ig nud lIlUg-pa conti

nuous prose'. The principal mctlning, how

ever, seems to be: uninterrupted, having no

gaps; unreserved; ZMg-IlClfUad-pa - '/M'

Y8uli-nud-par Udd-pa toexplaincompletcly,

withoutomittiog any thing, -/II!, Mn-u- L/.

to give unresen'edly, without limitatioll;

hence also: liberally, plentifully; 'I1Ici-lIIa

'"



602

Ihun-ba 'Î" lhon-pa

Ihug-par sor or byun Mil., tears were flow-

ing abundantly. In some other passages

the meaning of Ihug-pa is not quite clear.

ojr'n"Ihun-ba, pf.

of ltun-ba; Ihun Ihun

^, snydn-pai sgra sgrog- cifi

Obdb-bo

sweetly murmuring (the gentle stream) de-

scends Mil.

oj-q=gr' Ihun-bzed, ^.fqu^Ml^, the alms-

' bowl of Buddha and of the mendi-

cant friars.

njj.Ihun mass, bulk, Ihun-can massy, bulky;

^>'

well-fed, *lun-fug-po* W., Ihun-ce-ba

very large; Ihun-(gyis)grub(-pa)

ace. to

Cs. : 'formed in mass, or all at once', self-

created, not contrived byhuman labour; bgo-

ba dan bzd-ba Ihun-gyis grub-pas clothes and

food coming forth of themselves DzL; also

used ofpalaces, sacred buildings, images,

though in such instances often only by wayof compliment; Ihun-grub is also noun per-

sonal.Ihun-po, ri-rab-lhun-po the moun-

tain of the universe, Meru,Sumeru, frq.

Ihun-

stugSch., Ihun-fug Thgy. very great, in refer-

ence to the mental darknessproduced by sin;

prob. also: considerable, sublime, grand.

tib-pa 1. sbst, width, lhub-pa-can

Cs., yan(s)-hlub, hlub-hlub W., C.

wide, of clothes. 2. vb.: to bind, tie, fasten,

e.g. ornaments to the ear Ts.,=

klub-pa.

gf&WHiUms

>res

P-for mnal the womb

frq.,

Ihums-su ziigs-pai dus-mcod sacrifi-

cial festival of the conception (of Buddha)Sch,

Utur, with len-pa or byed-pa c. ace.

to apply one's self to, bestow pains upon,=

don-ynyer byed-pa Dzl. and elsewh.

!' Ihe-ba v. sle-ba.

ajr' llien Cs. 'filth or dross in the bowels,^

.1

causing obstruction';ace.

to others:internal excrescences, v. skran

;Sch. : Ihen

or Ihen-sndpit of the heart.

ojq.Uteb, dbugs Iheb-llieb-tu

Odug-pa Pih.

*'ug leb leb jhed-de* C. gasping for

breath.

ofcq.Ihem now, at present, directly, instantly

C.;all (of them) cf. lhams.

a Ihds-ma 2;also : the act

of twisting, plaiting, *hU-ma gydb-

pa* C. to twist, to plait.

oÎho

south,Iho-nub

south-west, sar-lho^south-east; Ihor, llio -pyogs-su to the

south, towards the south; Uto-fta prob.=

//<o;

lho-/'a mon-nas^nsMil. they came from the

Mon in the south; lho-pa, Iho-Jbrug-pa an

inhabitant of Bhotan; Iho-yul ace. to Cunn.

the original form of the name of that pro-

vince which is now called Llihul or Lahol

by the Hindoos, and Lahoul by the English;

Iho-bur Sch. (also Iho-û-ma), = Kug-rna.

lhog-pa, glog-pa Cs. a large ulcer or

sore, Sch,: carbuncle, anthrax, sbyon-

ba to cureit;

in Med. also nya-lhog and

gag-lhog are mentioned. According to the

description, however, which Tibetan phy-

sicians gave us of the lhog-pa, it seems to

denote a cancerous ulcer, against which they

employ the Aconitum ferox of Nepal, or in

default of it some other species of aconite.

llioh Sch. vexation, anger, wrath(?);

but: 'Ihon sor he has lost the Uton\ is

said of one who was not equal to the exer-

tions of incessant meditation, and who in

consequence has lost his senses, v. sub

smyon-pa.

o^r-^r lhod-pa, glod-pa, lod-pa or -po} Ihod,

Ihod-po1.

loose, relaxed, unstrung,slackened, yan-ldg of the limbs, e.g. when

death approaches S.g. , *zug-po Ud-po cd-

na* W. when one gets tired (one cannot

help yawning). lhod-pa sgrim-pa to tighten

what is loose, Ihod Ihod ytoh-ba to slacken;

fig. *'6-maI6d-po* W. the milk begins to

fail, milk is scarce. 2. of the mind: easy,

careless, unconcerned, Ihod-de nyol cig sleep

well!

sleep soundly! Glr.\bio Ihod

gyis-lasod relate the matter calmly, coolly Mil.;

ses-pa Ihod-cin in good spirits,of a cheer-

ful temper Pth.; tabssig yod-kyi rgyal-po

fugs Ihod mdzod there is yet a help ;there-

fore, o king, be of good cheer! 1'tli.

Ihon-pa, glon-pa to return, to giveor

pay back Cs.

l/!.ufrjW,·lol' or bllwi Mil., lears were flow

ing nbundantl)'. - In some other rnssnges

tllC mCllning of lMo-pa is not quite clenr.

r : T ~ · . q · IIlit/i-ba, £If. of If!iil-ba; 1I1wi ll/wi

8nllun-pai 8flra 89"00-1:;,i /Jdb-boI\wectly murmuring (the gentle stream) de

scends Mil.

s , 1 l : : : . q ~ ~ . I I ' U l i - b : : M . , Ssk. Ntaq I"'I, tile alms·

bowl ofBuddha and of the mendi

cant friars.

r : . , ~ lhull mass, bulk, linin-tan massy, bulky;

::? well.fed, ·lun-(u!1-po· W., lInm-ce-ba

very lArge; lImll-(!1!Jis) g , ' U b ( ~ p a ) ncc. to

fA.: 'formed in mass, or all at once', sclf

crcnted, notcontri ved byhuman labour; bgd

ba da,i b::u-ba Ih,in-o!Ji8 gnib-po.sclothesand

food coming forth of themselves D::I.; also

used of palaces, sacred buiIJings, images,

though in such instances often ooly by wtl.y

of compliment; 1IIUn-!p'!ib is also IlOUO per

sonal. - lIdm-po, ri-rab-l/dm-po themoun

tain of the universe,Merll, SlImeru, frq. limn

'fu9&A., l/!.ull-fUy T1t9Y' "ery great, inrcfer

cuce to the mental dnrknessproduced by sin;

prob. also: considerable, sublime, grond.

~ ' . q ' ' f lh((lrpa 1. sbst. width, lldJrpa-can

.::?:. Cs., yan(s)-!dub, !dl/b-hMb W:, C.

Wide, of clothes. - 2. ,·b.: 10 bind, lie, faslen,e.g. ornaments to the ear Ts., _ Hub-pa.

r ; / ~ ~ . lhums, resp. for mifal the womb frq.,

-% lMwus-sli big8-pai dWJ-IIICdd sncrificiul festiVAl of the conception (of Buddha)

Seh.

~ ! ' : : ; IIlUr, with lln-pa or byM-pa e. acc.

to apply one's self to, bestow pains upon,

= don-j"ll!/i,. bJPd-pa Dd. and e1sewh.

~ ' . q ' lM-ba v. sle.ba.

S 1 : ~ ' Ihm Cs. 'J1!tb or dross in the bowels,

'<). cnusing obstruction'; ncc. 10 others:int.emal excrescences., Y. skran; &h.: Men

or (llen-smi pit of the Ilellrt.

<i!.:::r llub, dbllglt lhw-l/uO-tlt cdug-pa I'tk

'<) ·'ug leb lebjlud-de·C. gn.sping for

ureath.

SJ5-J' lltem now, at present, direclly,.inslanUy

'<) C.; all (of them) cf. Mams.

S l ~ · ~ · l1uJ8-lIla - lAdMna 2; also: the ad

'<) of twisting, plaiting, ·Mt-ma Y!Jub

pa· C. to twist, to plait

$f "'0 south, lho-mib south-west, i a , . ~ l l t d'<) south-east; llior, lilo 1'y6g8 - 8U to the

soutll, towards the south; llto-Ra prob.-lllo;

l h 6 - ~ ' a mdn-flflS ...onsMi1. they came from the

Mon in the soulh; I M ~ z w . , llw"cbruY-JXJ auinhabitant of Bhotan; 1M-yul ace, to Limn.

the originul form of the name of that pro

vince which is now called Liihul or Llihol

by the Hindoos, and I,ahoul by the English;

l!Uj-lm,. Sell. (also llu).·...n-mo), -

/ . ! U { 1 ~ a .f ~ · ' r IMx.l-pa, gldp-po Cs. a large ulcer or

sore, &11.: carbuncle, anthrax, w,!j(M

ba to cure it ; in Med. also 1Iya-l!Jog and

gaf/-1hOg are mentioned. According to tile

description, Ilowever, whicb .Tibetan phy

siciuns gave us of the lIldy-pa, it seems to

dcnote acancerous ulcer, ngainsLwhich they

employ the Aconitum {crux of Nepal, or in

deL'mlt of it solDe other species of Aconite.

~ !hoi! Sell. vexation, anger, wralh('?);

but: 'lllOli sO!' be has lost tile lluJ/j', i8

said of one wllo was not equal to thecxer

tions of incessant meditution, and who in

consequence hng lost bis seoses, v. sub

~ m y d l t - p a .s r ~ " r lIHJd-pa, glod-pa, ?od-pa or -po, 1I1od,

'<) 1Iidd - po 1. loose, relaxed, unstrung,

slackened, yall-ldfl of the limbs., e.g. wilen

dC'uth approaches S.g., ·zitg-po ltid-po ed

no· lV. when one gels tired (one cannot

help yawniug). lI.dd-pa 8f/rim-pa to tighten

what is loose, Mod 11lOd ytOti-ba to slacken;

fig. ·'0-1IIa ldd-po· lV: the milk begins to

fail, milk is s c u ~ e . - 2. of tho miud: easy,

careless, unconcerned, llWd-de nyol t:ifJ sleel'

wel1! sleep soundly! Gl,..; blo lIwd flyi8-laiod relate the matter calmly, coolly Mil.;

ses'pa lltod-tiil in good spirits, of a cheer

ful temper l'th.; rabs jig yrxt-kyi j'9!JIIl-po

(r/{/s Mod md::o<l there is yet a. he1e; there

fore, 0 king, be of good cheer! Ptk

..:r illon-pa, gUn--pa 10 return, to give or

'<) pay back Cs.



tflfl

*t,

1. the consonant which is formed in

the lowest and hindmost part of the or-

gans of speech, being produced by the

o|>t>nin<rof the

glottis, liketheGreek spiritus

lriiis, the Hebrew Aleph and the Arabian

Elif. (In our modern languages the opening

of theglottis

is notregarded

as aconsonant,

nor expressed by a particular letter orsign.).

Combined with the Tibetan vowel -signs,CS ~

S N/"'

lJ, USJ l^J, IM l^ljit is pronounced 'a, '',

Na

'u, 'e,'o

(cf. aj. It is also called skye-ba-

i//>'</-pai yi-ye, probably because all speak-

ing depends on and is rendered possible

only by a previous opening of the glottis;

hence this letter is a symbol of the deity,

of the cos-sku that was before every thing

else. Spyan-ras-zif/, therefore, addresses a

celestial Buddha with 'a: 'a skye-med rnam-

ddfj cos-kyi dbyins. 2. num. : 30.

TXtvQ'jA'

a ( a ?) ! i Ld. and Kh. the col.

demonstr. pron ,for de that (q.v.);

*'-w*from thence, there,'a-m there, thither,

that way. 2. LA., pronounced very short

and sharp, well? what is the matter? yes!

here!

w-. 'a 6s.: 'Ssk. : ^j, a mystical exclama-'

tion'.

'"~^'a C-^r

^) acc.to Hue II,

lGO='a-> Kit.

'd-ka-ru Cs., v. 'd

rpaf\t-ka-la Lt, Ssk. : untimely.

* 'u-kro/i an alpine plant, in Z//<.

naria Roylca.'

a-Ka-tia-i 'a-li'dgan ex-

clamation expressive of

contempt and detestation, opp. to 'd-la-la;

ace. to Cs. 'a-Kag is also adj.=

mi-sdug-pa.

'-^j ^. ivlso 'a-ku, col. for /,

r

?/-io

1. father's brother, uncle Mil., C.}W.

- 2. husband, consort W.

aloe-wood, agal-

lochum, calambac.

'a -yyis caressing word used by

mothers soothingtheir babies, prob.

without any particular signification Th</y.

]' 'a-city ankle-bone Lt

'a-cu, 'd-cu-cuinterj. ex-

pressive of pain from cold,

hence 'a-ai-zer-ba n. of one of the cold

hells.

'a-a?, 'a-tY?, Bal. 'a-se, col. for ce-ze

1. an elder sister of a female per-

son. 2. W. wife, mistress, madam, used

as address and otherwise.

'a-)o 6'., W., )o-yo C. (v. jo-bo") 1. an

elder brother of a male person.-

2. Sir, Mr., gentleman, lord, used in addressing

and otherwise; also like our: friend! ho there!

hollo! I say! 'a-yho lay C. the old Squire,=

ya-yd Ld.

'a-ti-sa Ssk., pul-du-byun-ba Tib.,

n. of a celebrated Pandit of Bengal,

who lived for many years in Tibet, and died

there in the eleventhcentury

of our era.

^ ^,

}' 'a-fo-ba beautiful, good Sch(?).

*

'a-fas PthJ

r 'a-dogs Sch. table (?)

' 'a-ddn Sc/i.: 'without sexual distinc-

tion; sense of the letter 'a'.

yH'^r''ft-dru/t C. horse-boy, one tending

>2> horses.

... ,..'a-Tia(-wa) an interjection ox-

' '

pressive of grief Sch.

.,.._.-...j.'

a-na-ma-na Sch.: having a strik-

'

ing likeness (?).

'd-nu Hindi man's name, also used in

Tibet Glr.

'<l - n ! = nt-ne-mo father's sister,

aunt; grand-aunt Glr. --2. 6s.: nun.

«, 1. the consonl\llt wllicll is formed in

the lowest lIud hindmost part of the or

gnus of spcC<':h, being produced by the

ol}Cniug of the glottis, liketileGreek spiritus

lenis, the Hebrew Aleph and the Arabinn

Elif. (In our modern lunguBgeil tbe opening

of the glottis is not regarded t\S n. consonant,

nor eJt:press('(l by n particular letter orsign.).

Oombine!) with the Tibetan \'owel-signs,

~ ~ , b ~ , ~ ~ ~ tN, it is pronounced'a, 'i,

'11. 't, '0 (cf. r;). It is nlso called skye-ba

lIlM-pai y i ~ g t , Ilrobably becnuse ull speak.ing depeuds on ami is rendered possible

only by n previous opening of the glottis;

hence this letter is l \ symbol of the deity,

of the cQs·s1u tilat was before every thingelse. Spyan--ra3-::if!, therefor(', nddresses n

celestial Bu!ldlm with 'a: 'a d'!Je.mCd r l l a m ~dU9 CQ3-t.-yi dbfli,is. - 2. uum.: 30.

b ~ r ( a . · ? ) 'a Cal) 1. in Lil. ano KII. the col.demonstr. pron, for dlJ thnt (q.v.);

" d - l I ~ · f r o m thence, there,'d-Julhere, thither,tllllt wny. - 2. 1..1•. , pronounced ,-cry short

and sho.rp, well? what is the matter? yes!

here!

b ~ 'a Cs.: '&1.:.: llI", amyslical exc1nmn. tion'.

1 . § f 1 ' ( ~ · f 1 · ? ) 'd-A.'a ('d-l:a1) nce.to lJlle II,. 100- 'd-;)o KII.

b ' : r 1 ' ~ ' 'd·ka-ru Cs., \'. 'lii/a-m.

b ~ " 1 · r . r 'a·kti-la Lt., SJ.·.: untimely.

'"b " r ~ ~ : ' a - k ~ , j nil alpine lllant., in UI. ArlJ-tla1'la Roylea.

~ ' F ' F ' , b ~ · F = t j · ' d - I : a - ~ a , ,a-l.'f;' a.n ex-c11\luo.hon expressIve of

contempt an(1 detestation, opl'. to'd-la-la;

M'e. to Ci. 'a-Ray is also ndj. = tIIl'-fdUg.pa.

b ~ F ' 'a-(u, lY. also 'a-l'li, col. for 1""../,,0

.... 1. father's brother, uncle Mil, C., IV.

- 2. husband, consort IV.

00:1

b ~ ~ ' ~ ' 'd",,!/a.f'U, ~ aloe-wood, a g l l l ~lochum, enll1mbuc.

b ~ ' ~ ~ - r 'a - 9!Jia caressing word used by

mothers sootbingtheirbabies,pro".wiLILout nny llnrticular signifienlion TI,9Y'

l § f ~ = t j . 'a-eIl9 ankle·bone I.e.

b ~ ' \ § ' ~ . t § . \ § . 'a.M, 'Ii-ro-Cl< interj. cx-, pressi,'c o{ puin from cold,

hence 'a·clt-::er-ba n. of one of the eold

hells.

b ~ ' ~ ' 'u-'U, 'a-N, nal. 'a-Jr, col. for t-t-::IJ

l. an elder sister of n female per

son. - 2. lV. wife, mistress, madam, used

as address and otllerwise.

b ~ ' e : 'a-)6 c., n ~ jo-}6 c. (v.)d-W) 1. anelder brotller of a male peNOn.

2. Sir, Mr., gentleman, lord, used in addressing

nnd othenvise;:llso likeour: friend! ho there!

hollo! I say! 'a-)IIO My C. the old Squire,

Ya-od lAo

t1f;-If 'a·ti·ia &k., l}!il..dll-b!llllj-ba Tib.,n. of 0. eelebrntedPanuit of Beng:l1,

who lin'd (or mnny yenl'S in Tibet, nud died

tJlcrc in the eleventh century of our era.

b ~ · i f " . : : r 'a·(J-ba benutiful, good &" (?).

b ~ ' ~ ~ ' 'a-las Ptld

b ~ ' ¥ 1 ~ ' 'a-dotfl &k tnble(?)

I ~ r ~ ~ ' 'a--ddIJ &11.: 'without sexlll\l distinc1 tion; sense of tile leuer 'a'.

b ~ · - l : . . . 'a-t/l'uti C. horse.boy, one lemling

llOrses.b ~ ••( ' ·) 'd-'Ia(-'la) nil interjection ex

"\'1 pressive of grief &1..

b ~ · . · 5 - l · l \ '(I-Jla-ma·'Ht1 Scll.: Ilaving 1\ stl'ik-"\ I iug likcness(?).

~ .•. ',i·Ill'Hindi rulln's unrue, also used in':l Tibet Gl,..

l,N'.i- 'Ii-tel! 1. - t l f ! - ~ - f / l O fatller's sister,-\ aunt; grand-aunt GlI'. - 2. C•. : nun.



G04

'd-pa-ra

3. W. wife, partner, spouse, *'d-ne kur-ce*

to take a wife, to marry, *(s)kyd-wo 'd-ne

kur cog* a layman is at liberty to marry;

*'d-ne-la cd-ce* to treat, to use as a wife,

sensu obsc. = to sleep with. 4. a woman,

a female. 5. Sch. an old woman (?).

'd-mra Ssk. the mango tree and -fruit

-pa -pa.

'a-po U: building (= *Kar-len* TF.),

*'d-po gydb-pa* to construct a house,

to build.

'd-praSch. zizel, earless marmot,

souslik (Spermophilus citillus).

'd-pa, 'd-pacol. for

pa,in B. of rare

occurrence; *'d-pa cen-po* the elder,

*cun-nu* the younger, of the husbands of

a person's mother, hence occasionally

uncle; *'d-pe so* W. a vulgar oath; also

(like pa) uncastrated male animal, cf. pa."

'a-po-nd C. col. :I,

cf. Ko-bo-nd.

'a-pyi Mil., *'a-pi, 'a-pi*, for pyi-mo

grandmother.

r 'a-pyimn>\& woman, goody, dame &/;-.

'a-prag Sch. : the bosom, of a gar-

ment, 'a-prdg-tu sdti-ba to put into

the bosom,=

'am-bdg.

'

a-wa-dhu-ti v. dhu-ti.

'

a~&a*> ôr ban-po, the husband of

the father's or the mother's sister Cs.

'a-bi-sa Ssk. : 'antivenomous', n. of

a medicinal herb Wdn.

'a-bo 1. Sch. ='a-)o. 2. a medi-

cine S.g.

'a-bo-tMSch- '

'good, tolerable, mid-

dling', cf. Bun. : eb-bo good.

'a-byag and 'a- bras names of me-

dicines Med.

r 'd-ma col. and sometimes in B. =ma mother; *'d-me isa* a vulgar oath;

'd-ma drin-cen so aking addresses awonder-

working nun Pth.>

'

a-ma-gyis Cs.inter)., prob.\gimi-

lar toa-gyis.

' 'a-mi-de-ba the usual Tibetan

corruption of ^rfjnTTHj v - <^~

dpag-med.

'a-mri-ta (Ssk. iyi{(i ambrosia; also

various fruits etc.), in the Lt. perh.

the guava fruit, which in Hindoostani is now

called amrut.

'a-tsa(-ma) interj. expressive of

pain by touching hot objects &?/*.;

also used in various other instances, when

disagreeably surprised, startled etc. bdag

ma yrol-ba Odi 'd-tsa-ma alas! I am not yet

released! Thgr.;'

d-tsa-ma yi-dwags snyiii

re-rje alas ! ye poor Yidags folk ! Mil.

'a-tsa-ra Mil. aspecies of hob-

goblins, or spectres; in C. a Ben-

galee, ace. toLew. The observations oilluc

(II, 271) concerning this word seem to be

mixed with some errors.

'a-tsarya, Ssk. ^rRT^f, spiritual

guide or father, instructor, professor,

doctor.

''

a~ sa(~ sa} an interj. expressingdiscomfort occasioned by heat.

'a-mt'sar Sch.: oh dear, what a

wonder!

'd-dza-na Wdii., 'd-dzi-naStg.,

^f%TI Will.: the hairy skin of a

blackantelope, wrhich serves the religious

student for a couch, seat, covering etc.;

Tibetan writers use it for the animal itself:

ri-dwags 'd-dzi-nai pdgs-pa Stg.'

a-za 1- co '- f r zdn-po mother's

brother,*'a-zan-fsd-wo* nephew.

-

2. Cs.: 'an address' (?).

'd-wa a medicinal herb S.gJ

'd-warta, 'd-barta (-no] Ssk. (Svhirl,

Q, whirlpool, eddy') a disease of the

rlun, q.v.; perh. dizziness? Med.

i

'

au-tsi 1. Sch. : it is of no conse-

quence, it does not matter. --2.

n. of a plant=

bya-po-tsi-tsi.

~rr* 'a-ya- ztva - fsod dead-nettle

' Med.

*

'a-yu C. (= Uu-yu) hornless, of cattle.

'

'd-ra beard Ts.

3. IV. wife, partner, sPOllSl!, ·'a-nt! l.",.-U

1O tttko a wife, to marry, . { , ~ y c i - 1 t ' O 'd-1U

i:flr hw}" II InJmlUl is a liberty to mlury;

· ' U ~ a M-h" to t r e 3 ~ 10 use lUI " ""ife,

sensu obse. - 1.0 sleep ",i!.h. - , . a Wflman,a lema/e. - 5. &1,. an old \'jomm(?).

' ' ' .. " " - . , ""l ~ p - a-y -

Wq ' 'a-po 0: building (- "far-In." Jr.),

. 'd-po gyrib-pa· to c o n s l r u ~ a bouse,to build.

t1f:{ 'd -pra &If. lizel, earless marmot.

sotlslik (SperflUJphillU citilllUl).W 'u-pa,'dopa

001.for pa, in ll. of

rfU'e

oeCIlf'r('DCC; ·'d-pa (tn-po· tho elder,

"i."uli·liu· the younger, of the husbDnds of

a person's mother, hence occasionally_

uncle; · 'd-pf 6a4

lV. a vulgar onth; nho

(like p(l) unclUItmtcd molo auiltlnl, cr. ita.

~ ~ ' ; f t : . . 'aiJo-lid C. col.: I, c( J:o-&r,id.

Utr§' •a-}iyi Mil, ·'a-pi, '"'"P''', for p!JI-1IwgrandmothClf.

t 1 { 3 ~ ' 'a-p'yimold woman, goody,dame&l,.

t 1 f ~ 'a.prdg &11.: tI,e bosolll. of a garment, 'o..prtifl-tuldu·lJa to p u iulo

the bosom, = 'am..fxltt.

b ~ : f 5 ' ; 'a.-tt:HhN-ti ". dJIIL-ti.

I " I ' ~ ' ' a ~ , for bai.-po, the hUllb;lod of- , ~ fa-'-

tbe wer s or tbemotber's sisteru.

t 1 f ~ +1' 'a-/}i-/a Sd:.: 'anu"enomoUll', n. of

1\ medicinnl berb WdA.

b ~ : f ' ~ - l J r o 1. &11. - 'a-jo. - 2. no medicine S.7.

llf:f3T 'a-IxHu&h.: 'good, tolerable, middling', d. Bun.: eb-bo good.

tN':=-r:q- 'o.-byafJ una 'a-obrcu names of me-dicioes Mm.

bo;f,Jf 'd-ma col. and sometimes ill 11._

ma motller; . ' a - 1 l ~ sa' It vulgar 00.111;

'U-tfIQ ddn-cCnsoo.kiuguddresscs llowonder-

working nun I'!J,.. \

l 1 f o f ~ 'a-ma.gyU u. interj., prob. irui-

lar lo a-fJIJ'-'.

t N ' . J f ~ . ~ . 'a-mi-de-ba the DsuaJ..Tibetan

cofnllJtion of "ItflUiltI', v. . .oJ.d[NJ9-fflM.

~ ' '&-1IIN &k. the mango tree nod ·fruitr; Du.

t f f ~ · 'a-mn....ta (&k. ~ 1 ' 1 ambrosia; nlsovanoUll (roits etc.), in tbe fA . perL.

the guava fruit, which in HindOOlitnni is 00'* '

eo.lled (l.lItTit.

tff.t(e:f) ' a ~ ~ a ) i ~ t e r j . u p r e s s i n ~ ofp'lD b)·toucblDghot objects&h.;

nlso used in ,'nrioUll olller inltnnCCll, wbeo

disagreenbly surprised, Ilarded etc. lKlag

"Ia U,'OL-lJa odi'a-tla-ma nJas! I am not )'ct

relensed! Tng,.; 'a-tiel-rna yi-d,ragl myiil

rt-rji alas! ye poor Yidngs folk! Mil.

~ · t . : ; : '0 . - tIa-ro. Mil. n species of hob-

goblins, or spectre!; in C, a Ben_

gnlee, nee. toUie. The obsC1'Vllti'lns of flue

(If, 271) cOllccrning Lllis word secm to he

mixcd with some en-ors.

~ . ~ . 'a- "'w'!ja, &1>, ~ spiritualv guide or lallier, instructor, professor,

doelor.

t f f ~ · ( ~ ' ) 'a-fsa(-(IIl) an interj. expressingdiscomfort ocCllsioncd by heat.

t f f ~ · · a · ~ J I l { " , r &/,.: ob dear, what a

wonder!

~ = : : . ~ ' I i -b-na 1 r d ~ . , 'd-dd-1UJ Stg.,..m WI1l.: thc hairy s.ltio of l \

black llDtelOpe, which sen'CS the religioUll

student for a couch, seat, covering etc.;

TilJetan uite.nl use it for the lUlimal itJelf:

ri-dlCagc ' a ~ a i fXi!p-pa &g.~ ~ 'a-zan 1. col. (or MIi-po mother'sbrother, " a - ~ J j - ( ' " - I C O · nephew.

2. lA.: 'nn n d d ~ ' ( ? ) .!1fl?f 'Ii-1M a medicinal herb S.g.'

~ " t ' ! l ~ ' 'd-lCarta, 'a-barla(-'la)&k. ('whirl,

r ; !:ll whirlpool, eddy') I I dis('nse of tll{:

rluti, q.\'.; pet·h. dizziness? Merl.

~ r ; ~ ' 'aU-f$i 1. Sci,.: it is of no conse-queuee, it docs not mutter. - 2.

n. of I I pillot = byo.-po-ui-tn.

~ ' : a ' ~ ' 'a - ya - =tea - fWd dcad-nettle• <! Med.

! . ~ 1 t f 'a-yu G: (= &-9") hornless, of cattle_

tff- ' 'dora beard T,.



G05

'am-ban

a saw.

Vm-/)a- tefl-wa a mystical and

symbolical word, Was. (183)

-w//, resp. bxcx-n'uj ('., Odon-rdg

., arrack, brandy, the usual bar-

ley-brandy,which is distilled in the con-

vents and in nearly every manor-house.

'"~ l " Prob ' Ssk' a medicinal Plant'

Med. 2. v. 'a.

_.^.'d-ru-m myrobalan, an astringent

medicinal fruit Med. frq.

- 'a-i-um aspecies

ofgarlic,

with u

pale-red blossom, Allium stnctum.

. 'a-re an inter),the meaning of which

is stated differently, MiL\ 'a-re pans

well then! throw it away!

'a-rdg Sch.: = rogs-po, grogs, com-

panion, mate, fellow, comrade,friend;

'a-rog-Kya or gya Sch.: 'a complimentary

phrase or form of salutation'.

!'\ 'd-la(-la) Mil, also 'dl-laid.

interj. expressiveof joyful sur-

prise: aye, ah, that is capital! des-na 'd-

la-la well, that is excellent or splendid in-

deed! Mil.; also adjectively: *de san di >d-

la-la- W. this is much better than that!

. 7 j ,

T...ri. 'd-U the Tibetan vowels, 'a-li-kd-li^N ^s 1-1ra the series oi the vowels together with

, < . i

the consonants; a-pren id.

OT VK a little C.

c:-'a-li-Kug-ta a swallow Cs.

'a-luii Sch. buckle, clasp (?).

'

'a-Un a ring.

. , , , ,

a-sarf v. sub yttim-mo.

'-.sw, apricot.

5^- 'a-o-Aan. of a tree and of a king.

'a-sdw Sc/*.: a thick sauce or broth,

soup; 'a-s%a'j- a thin broth.

'< for 8 - aunt &/,

'a-ysdl-la adv. openly, manifest-

ly, publicly,= mnon-sinn-dn.

pleasure, satisfaction.

yea. nay even (?>

bad (7.

of Anglo-Indians, an important re-

med for cutaneoas diseases.

-fwfoi &/*., resp

,beard of the chin,

chin-tuft.

._._.'

a/i 1. sbst. = Odom&? 'dn-rta, 'd/i-ras

s

loin-cloth6'., W.;

'an-fu/tunder-gar-

ment, yiruv, (hence also to be used for shirt

and shift); 'aii-rdg trowsers, breeches J'f/i.

_ 2. inter).: well then! now then! well! in

French: eh Men! at the beginning of a

speech also 'dii-ge, 'dn-ke, 'dh-ki, Mil., with-

out any regard to rank.

'dn-gi or 'dit-ki, Ssk.^r^-, figure,

number, cipher, also'ati-gratis,

'an-

yig Cs. ; the last word, ace. to others, meanssecret characters, cryptography.

'CTpj* 'an-gu-tt Ssk. finger Do.

an-rgar-jig ace. to Lew.

^\^ lid.angrez^.

? an-ma-tsi bch. flies, winged m-

sects.

'an W. white chalk.

/i Med- Sch ' : cervical ver-

tebra.

'an-fdos C.: stocks, *'an-do-la

o)ug-pa* to put (a person) into

the stocks.

'

an - ddrC. 1. board, plank, deal.

_ 2 . Uags-kyi 'an- ddr Cs. an

iron instrument of torture; ace. to Thou.

a kind oi press.

I^^'E^l* '^â-rnyi-la Lex., corrupted

form for 'indra-ni-la.

*'-^, 'am-bag*

c l - 6'- for mawtog,

snam-brag ear; bosom.

._._.._.. \im-ban a Chinese resident, Chi-

^nese superior civi , officer) in the

chief cities and provincial towns of the tri-

butary countries of China.

005

t1f=.: 'dorar;r;

~ . ~ . 'llwHan

~ ' i ' ' ' ' '0 - Ita - hd ink-rj. UIJreuing jO}',p l o a s u ~ , aatisfa.ction.

t1f"1.if 'a-lto-yi ) 'ea, nay tytll(?).

~ = 'usr[NJ bad C.

~ 'ag-utMdiaktdaracllta, the'neem'of Anglo.-Indillnll., .n important re

medy for cutaneolK diseases.

t.'f'f't;r 'af/-WJm Gir., 'Off"fllJm &h., ~ s Zal-f.wll- Hk. beard of the chin,

chin·tuft.' · lb , · · · t ' · · , -" ,t . ~ ~ . a" . s s.. - . lW/lI. I . {In-r..., a,,-Ta'

loin-cloth C.• W.; 'ati-fun under-gar

m e n ~ lUlU", (hence also to be used for shirt

and shift); 'aif-nig trowsers, breeches }'rh•

_ 2. interj.: well thefl! now then! well! in

French: til wm! at the beginning of

speech 1I1so'tb i? , 'Wi-It', ·ti"...n, NI1., with

out n.ny reg:ard to n'Ulk.

u . r - ; ' ~ 'Wi-gi or 'a,;..a. Sak. ...-' figure,number, cipher, nlso 'o.,f..,,-ma, ' " " ~

yig c..; tbe IMt word, nee. to otbers, weaDSsecret characters, cryptogMlphy,

l , , ~ ' 5 " ~ ' 'oli-gu-li Sd·. finger Do.

l , , ~ ~ ' m ~ : A A ~ ' 'a/i-"!Jar-Ji9 l l te. to l..hr.....1 English, TId. a'/9rc.i.

~ . ~ . ~ ' a ~ - - m a - t w i Scll. flies, winged in

. . .t ..

~ 'an lV. white chalk.

~ _ ~ _ 'an4to1i Mtd., .$cia.: cen'icm \'cr• ; . . tebra.

~ 1 ~ ' f 'aH-rcbl c.: stocks, " a n ~ J - l ( l.JWg-po.- to pUl (a persoo) into

the slOtks.

~ a r ~ 'an-oddrC. 1. board, plank,deal.- 2. Uag.-I.:yj 'all·oddr C" an

iron instrument of torture; atc. to TItgy.

I I kind of press.

~ ' l 0 i . £ ' ~ · 'Qlldra-1'1Iyi ...

la Lu" corrupwilS'9'- form for 'j"dro-flr·ia.. . - . : ~ . , . , , .J 1 . . l ~ · c ; : ; r o l ' l , , ~ . = : : t = t f am-cog, aln-lJU!l

col. C. for n w - m ~ ,.llaIM.brGf/ ear; bosom.~ ~ ' a Chinese I f l , i d e n ~ Chi

nese SUllerior civil officer, in tile

chief ciues and pruyiocial to ...ns of the tri

blltary COUill.-ria of Cbin...

U\f.::..' 'd-rtf lliHd. a saw.

"r:.t > f ~ ' : r ; f

t l - r + \ ~ ' 'a-idd v. sub 1I1im.mo.

!,1.f'''9' 'a-ili apricot.

J1..l'"'9""l' ' I l - ~ o - k a n. of '" trw "'nd of", king.

~ ' ~ ; r 'lHam &h.:" thick 8IIute OJ' broth•... soup; 'a-.hlJtir a thin brotb.

U I f ~ 'a...ni for m-mo aunl &/,.

t 1 f ~ V " . . f c . r 'a-r-«J-la ~ y openly, manife$t·Iy, publicly, _ 1N1Omt...w1tl-d. .

'a-ra-lJa-tJa-lla • mystical :Iond

symbolical word, ural. (183)

U f 'a-mg, resp. bm-rdfJ C, _doft·rdf]'-, 111:, amtk, brandy, the usual h:.......

le)'-brandy, wbic1\ is distilled in the oon

\'enu and in nearly every manor-house.

! , 1 . f ' ~ ' '6-ru 1. prob.;SU. R medicinal plllnt,iUtd. - 2. v. a.

! , 1 . f ' ~ ' = " 'd-ru-ra myrobalan, lin nstringent

loodicinnl f r u i ~ Mtd. frq,

t 1 f ~ ~ ''a_rull'

Do

specieso ( ' ~ r l i c ,

withDo

p.le-red blOMOm, Allium atMt'tum.

t1of::-. 'a_rt an illterj. the meaning of ""hich

..... is slated difFerently, Mil.; 'a-rtPwu"'ell then! throw it ......y!

i1f-:.-'=tf '4-rtlg &It.: - ~ p o , groga, tom·..... panion, mate, fellow, comrade, friend;

'o.-rog-I!ya or gya SeA.: '.. ODlDplimenary

pbrase or form of wutation'.

i 1 f ~ ( ~ ) '«_io.(_lo) .Vil., nlso 'til-la iii.interj. expressive of joyful Sur

prise: lI.)'e, 1111, t11at is ellpitll.l! dh-na 'ala-La well, tbat is e:leellcnt or splendid in

deed l Mil.; :also ndjccti\'cly: -de .al' di 'd

ill-II'- W: this is much better thoo tbot!

l , , ~ ~ ' 'A-li tbe TibetAn vowels, 'a-l;..M-li...." tbe series of tbe vo1\'c!s togeilier'lll.·ith

tile coDSOn:lDlSi 'a-jwd id.

l , , ' f ~ ' 'a-li a little C.

! 1 f ~ ' 'a·u·.Eufrta • swallow c..

t 1 f ~ ' t : : : 'a-llin &Ii. buckle, clasp 00.

U\fe.r-..' 'a-lOn a ring.



606

'dr-ka

"'dr-ka, 'dr-ga, 'dr-ka, 'er-ka 1. 6s.

marble. 2. plaster-floormade of

pulverizedmarble and oil,

also *'a-zdl*

'r-

ôw an offspringof

parentsnot having the same rank, nor the

same religion,and not belonging to the

same nation Ld.

ixi'gf 'a-rgam Sch. : 'th'e offering of sacri-

I fices';Will. : ^f^j respectful offering

to a god or Brahman.

Txrgr'm*'ar-dza-ka Ssk., Sch.: cotton, 'aV-

' dza-kai dog-pa Glr. cotton-capsule.

(This signification is not to be found in our

/Ss&.-dictionaries.)

'dr-la ytad-pa Sch.: 'to be

reduced to extremities, to

extreme misery' (?).

'al-ycig Sch. : 'the one half of a

pair, e.g. one eye',=

ya-ycig.

*'<M-ta* (for da-lfa)Bal. 1. now, at

present. 2. to-day.

TXTQI rr- 'al-tit'i,*al- tin-la kur-ce* W. to

'

carry something bulky tied up in

the girdle.

'cf t3vJQJ'iV

'

tt^'> 'al-tse earthen kit-

chen-pot Ld.

-

'al-la v. 'a-la-la.

'asma -gar

-bha, Tar. : nor - bu

asma-gar-bha Schf.:emerald.

T^-'i 1. beer,

=can, C. 2. vulgar pro-

nunciation of dbiji, *yi*, the lynx. 3.

num.: 60.

'ig,W. hiccough, sob,

*

ydn-narag*I have got the hiccough,

*'i-Kuq quab dug* he hiccoughs.7 t/iy /

"indra-go-pa, s^jftq, cochineal;

yet among the substances devot-^*

ed to a costly Chodten it is mentioned as

one of the five divine jewels Glr. 1.

'indra-nt-la sapphire (Sch.: emer-

ald?).

'M num.: 90.

^qr 'u-cug, with *co-ce* W. to persuade,'

e.g.to buy something.

'u-dum-ba-ra (Ssk. Ficus glo-

>a -, merata) in Tibetan literature a

fabulous lotos of immense size.

13T3T

'

u~ma Bsk-, prob. also spelled dbu-

^> ma, n. of the wife of Siwa (Durga,

Kali etc.).

r ''u-fsugs Sch. = 'u-tug.

1

odiyana 6s., (not

NO' mentioned in Ssk. dictionaries), often

written in the abbreviated form 0^3J, a fa-^ I

bulous country in the north-west of India

(though 6s. supposes it to be Ujain), fre-

quently representedas a kind of paradise.

2. now a noun personal offrq. occurrence;

'u-rgyan-padma v. padma-Jbyun-ynds.

n. of a remedy Med.

*

'un-gu oil-lamp C.

'

Ut-Pa~la

i 'ud-pa-la

a blue lotos which is

also used for medicinal purposes.Jn Lh.

this name seems to be transferred to Pole-

monium caeruleum.

'un-fug v. ^.u-fug.

'urn a kiss,*"um )or-wa or gydg-pa*

to kiss C.

.' 'ur-rgyd a warm meal-porridge ;fer-

meiiting dough C.

'ur-rdo v. ur-rdo.'

I

'ur-ba v. dbur-ba.

"

'ul- fdg col. for yyul- fdg.X3

jx*.'e 1. in C. and later literature, an in-

terrogative, pronounced short, accented,

and usually put immediately before the vb.

or thepron.

which stands in the

place

of

the vb.:*de-mo e yo'*? do you feel well?

are you well? are you getting on well? Kyed

dan 'eOprad mi ses I do not know whether

I shall see you again Mil.;

'e nus mi nus

whether we shall be able or not Mil.; rarely

for evenif, though, although, "e sus kyan mi

fub-na though nobody is reallyable to do

it. 2. num.: 120*

~ = ' ; 1 T 1 ' 'UN"G, 'dr-ga, 'dN"U, 'ir·1.n J. C.."I marble. - 2. plaster·floor nll\de of

I l u l \ ' \ ~ r i z e d JIlArLle aDd oil, also · ' Q . · ~ L ·r ~ ! ~ 'Ilr-gqn 1111 offspring of pnreuls",,"'\ TI nol ha\'iog the snme runlt, nor we

same religion, IUld not belonging to the

same notion Ld.

!!f!" '4."gam &n ... '1ft offering of saeri

""I flees'; Jrill.: 1Rli w>pectfulolferingto Rgod or BriihmllD.

b ~ 'ur-d.;a.J:a Sd-., &If.: cotton, 'dr-d::u-l:ai d Glr.cotton-cnp8ule.

(I'his significlltion is not to be found in our&.l:.-dictionnrics.)

t . ~ ~ r . . r ~ - · . : r 'ur-/a rtdd-pa &11 .. 'to be1 reduced to extremities, to

(lXII'Clne misery' (?).

1 , I . J r . . r = q ~ · 'al?C1fJ &11.: 'the ,one ltn.lf ? aplm, e.g. one eye, - ya-rClY.

~ ~ ? ' ·'tU-ta- (for da-lta) Bal. J. now, atpresenL - 2. to-day.

~ ~ r . . j ' ~ C : : ' 'al-ti,i, -al-M-w k u r - ~ · W: to

1 cnrry s o m ( ' t h i n ~ bulky tied up in

. tile girdle.

! } f " ' ~ ~ ' i r 'ul-to, 'al-tli earthen kit-I' chen-pot Ld.

~ r : . r r . r .al-la v. 'a-la-la.

~ ~ 'tuma-gar-blta, Tar.: ll6r-bu

.c;; tu. .a-!Jflr-blw.

&"i.:emerald.

tit 'i 1. beer, - cwi, C. - 2. vulgar pro

nuncialiou of db!!i, -!p", the lynx. - 3.num...: 60.

'i.fu!h 'ig, 1V. hiccough, sob, "i-fug

...., yOti.-narag" I bM'e gotthe hieeoogh,

"';-&9 g!JOb dug- be hiccougbs.

~ . ? i f ' f 'illdl'a-go-pa, (1(..nq, cochineal;yet among the substances dcvot-

et! to a costly ChodtcD it is mentioncd ll.S

olle of the fh·o divinc jewels Gll', 7,

t . G ~ ~ ~ 'ind"a-1If-la sapphire (Sci,.: eDlor-

S!':" aM?).

l.""f 'v num...: 00.

! I f ~ 'u.-ng, with -00.«' W. 10 persuade,

'" e.g. to buy something.

l . ' \ f ~ ~ : r . : ; - 'u-dum-oo-ra- (Sak. P m glo"'...., mtl'aia) in TibetAn litel'1l.ture n

fubulous lotos of immense size.

l.'\f.;r 'u-ma- &J:., prob. tl.1'JO I!pelled dbti

'" ma, n. or the "ire of Si'll'll. (Darga,Kili etc.).

11f ~ 'u-6ftga &11. - '.-(;'9.

!1fmi" 'u-rgylin l . nlso '(Jt)i9flna c.., (no'

...., 1 mcntioned inSal:. dictionaries),of\CD

Vt'l'itten in the abbreviated form (If. B fa-v

bulous ('OODtry in the north-west of Iodin

(thouglt U. supposes it to 00 Ujain), £requentlyrepresenledMa kind ofparadise.

2. now a noun personal of fnj. occurrence;·fHII!Jan-pculma ,.. paama-.b9u,i-,'las.

~ ' ~ r ~ ~ · 'U9-cQ, n, of a rcmady Med.

t . ~ : : ~ r '{ui_[ju oil.lamp C.

t . ~ · : r ( : . r ~ - " r t : r 'u/-pa-la, 'ud-pa-la",1 '....,1 fI, blue lotos which is

II.lso used for medicinnl purposes. lu V,.

this name seems to 00 transferred to Ibk

monillll/l ra611leum.

t . 'lln-(119 v. c u - ( ~ g .~ t N ' l l ln a kissl - 'l lIN )6r-1t'(I or g y < i ~'" to kiss C.tN.:;- _. 'llr-rgyd a w:t.em m e a l - p o r r i u ~ j fer

...., menling dough C.

~ ~ 'w,.-rdo v. wr·rd6.

l§.I=:..::r 'iIr-ba v. Jbitr.J.,a.

t . ~ r " ' . . f C $ F f 'u[-o(ufJ col. for ryul,..iug.

t1f 't ' 1. in C. nnd laler literature, nD in-

t.errogati\'e, llrnnounccd short,accentcd,

nod usually put immediflt.ely IJcfore the vb.

or the pron. which stunds in thf\ plaee ofthe \'b,: -de-mo I w'·? do you feel well?

lll'C you well? fire you gl!tting on well? J:!J!Xl

dUli ' t ' .,prod mi &t8 I do Dot know whether

I shll.ll see you agnin Mil.; " nlU fIli n lU

wbether we sha.ll be Ilbte or not Mil.; mrcly

for even if, though, although, "'IU J...yait 111i

(Iib-na though nobody is really ablo to do

i t . -2 . OUID.: 120:



007

,Ssk.

TJTJT,a fa-

bul<>u> Mack antelope \\ith short

and Idack eyes.

Y-//W, 'c-ma^d,'c-ma-hd

intcrj.

\-

l'n->sing joy, surprise, astonishment,

hey! hey day! indeed! you don't say so! in

asking, beseeching, requesting a person's

attention: please, pray, I say; or expressive

of lamentation, compassion: alas! oh! would

to God! dear! e.g.:\'-uni. .^'/ns-can-

siiyiti-

'/(' alas, the poor people ! Glr.

W-QT 'e-wam, Ssk. if^n, yes, certainly, to

^be sure Wdk. and elsewh.

Txt-^-m-'e-ra-ka Cs.: 'n. of a country, Irak?

' Chaldaea?' (In Ssk. it denotes a

sort of grass, or a woollen carpet.)

>c~la>Ssk- lJWr> *e-la> prd-mo Wdii.

small cardamoms, seed of Electena

Cardamomum.

**n~t8am alitttei some, a small

bit,

"en-re quick, fast, speedy Sc/t.

v"'en- ddr v. 'an- dar.

"'eni-ci, 'dm-ci (Turkish word) phy-

sician W.

"

'i>r-ka C. v. 'dr-ka.

1. for ?o a kiss, Pth. 2. num.: 150.

; 'o-dkdi- W. = Ikoy-dkor, v. Ikoy-ma.

*

'o-()i-ydn v. 'u-rgydn.

'dndra, ^^ O</ya, the northern part

f Orissa, Wdk.

"

'd-mo-su (Mongol word) stocking C.

Qu'^j^*"o-ldoh, 'o-ddti, col. *'o'-so* Cs., wind-

pipe; *'o-le* W. throat; *V/< ;

</'wj-fc

st soil* he is suffocated.

'o-fo (Mongol word?) Sch.: the place

where two rivers flow together, the

confluence of two rivers.

Usf'z^r 'o-i'tjydn=

'u-rgydn l*tli.

, dm, Ssk.'^p^, mystical interjection, in

' laterHindooisra the symbol of the Hindoo

triad, in as much as it consists of the three

*finn

sounds, a (Vishnu), u(Shiva), and m (Brah-

ma). This interjection frequently occurs in

the prayers of the northern Buddhists of

Tibet,and

especiallyin the

famous'six-

syllable prayer','~'m ma~

nipad-mc hitm, the literal version of which

is: '0 thou jewel in the lotus, htlmV The

person addressed in these words is not Bud-

dha, but Spyan-ras-yzigs (v. spyan); by

some he is thought to be the author of them.

Concerning the import of this short apo-

strophy the best information is to be found

Kopp. II, 59 61. -- The Tibetans them-

selves are ignorant of the proper sense of

these six syllables, if sense at all there be

in them, and it is not unlikely that some

shrewdpriest invented this form of prayer,

in order to furnish the common peoplewith

a formula or symbol, easilyto be retained

by the memory, and the frequent recital of

which might satisfy their religious wants.

And though there may be no obvious mean-

ing in such exclamations or prayers, yet

their efficacy is sure to be firmly believed

in by a people, whosepractical religion

chiefly consists in the performance of cer-

tain rites and ceremonies, in a devout ve-

neration of their Lamas, combined with

frequent oblations to them, in abstaining

from gross sins (regarding even the killing

of live animals as such), and in the Pra-

dakshina (v. skor-ba 2). The numerous

attempts that have been made to explain

the Ommanipadmehum satisfactorily,and to

discover a deeper sense or even a hidden

wisdom in it, have proved more or less un-

successful. The most simple and popular,

but also the flattest of these explanations

is derived from the purely extrinsic circum-

stance, that the Sanskrit words of the prayer

consist of six syllables,and accordingly it

is suggested, that each of these syllables,

when pronounced by a pious Buddhist, con-

veys a blessing upon one of the 'six classes

of beings'. The conjecture with which

Kopp. closes his disquisition, is certainly

.... '........ 0 ', It N · ~ ' t . l . . l · ~ t l ! J / l · Y a , ~ .. (l·!JU, 0IJI0:. 'V1!f, A. 11.-

hulou' black nntelope witli shortlegs And black eyes.

l , , ~ ' e : . l ' 'f.tII(l, ' t - l / I a ~ d , 'c-fI,a·!i/; inlerj. ex-pressing joy, surplisc, ll.sl(lQishmcnt,

hey! lIey day! indeed! you don't say so! in

asking, bCMcching, requesting n perllOD's

Il.tlcntion: please, pray, I say; or eX)lr<lssil'C

of Ituncutntion, cornpl\ssion: alas! oh! would

to God! 0 dear! e.g.: 'e--maablll-caJl a n ! J i l j ~j ' t - r j ~ :lias, the poor people! Gl,..

~ ' ~ r ' t -Wl ln l , S ~ ! · . ~ yes, certainly, to

:::J be slIre Wdl', nod elscwh.t . ~ ' : : " ' T ] ' 'c-I·u·ka (;.: 'no of n country, lrak?

Cbatdacn.?' (In Ssk. it denotes asort of grnss, or n woollen carpet.)

t . ~ · r . r 'e-la, Stl.:. ~ T 'c.la l,,'a-nlo wa,;.STDl\lI cardamoms, seed of E/utena

f..,OI'JafllOlnlflll.

t . ~ " i ; . j · 'ill-/lam a little, some, a small bit,I OnndB.

1 , ) ~ ~ ' ~ ' 'e1HC quick, fast, speedy Sch.,

~ ' l : : l . " ' t ' : : ' : ·en-.,dar ", 'an-.,dal'.

1 , ) ~ ; . r ~ ; ' em-,i, 'dm-Ci (Turkish word) phy-

sician W.

til'::;1TJ' '&--ka C. v. 'a, ..J.:a.

~ '01. forq ..oa kiss, Pt/I.-2.nulll.: HiO.

i J r ~ 1 T J ~ 'o-(/ku/' W: - IkQf}-Jk6r, v.IJ."6f!-ma,

W ' ? ' V { ~ ' 'o.(/i-yan v. 'u-ryyd.n.

~ ~ '6ndra, Oil,.", the OOrtilern pnrt

of Orissa, Wdk.

i J { ~ ~ ' '6-1110-'1£ (Mongol word) stDcking C,

i j : f ' ~ ' 'a-Moil, 'o-doil, col. .'6-.iQ- C,., wind

. "'I pipe; ·'o-le'" lV. throat; -'Q-II! dum..te

Iii ,,,,i- he is ~ u f f o c n t c d .ij:f:r.:r 'o-lo (Mongol word?) &1,.: the place

wllere two rirers now together, the

CDnfluence of two rivers,

~ . ~ ~ ' 'O'/'fJYUIl - 'u-r9yan PIli.

Q1Il, &k. ,,11\, mystical interjection, in

'" later lIiOilooism thespobolofthellindoo

triad, in 1\S much It.ll it c o n s i s ~ 01 ~ b ? t b t r ~

GOI•

6111

s o u n d ~ , \\(Vishou), u(Shiva), Dnd m(Brah_

llla). TlJis interjeclion fre(juenlly occurs in

lhe llfl'yers of the northern Buddhists of

Tibet, and especially ill the famous 'six-

•. . . eo, _ .,s)'lIable pra)'el'" ~ · ; : : · f · . q ~ · ; : : · ~ · , ';'11 1IIa-

"Ji pad-me 11/;111, tile literal \'ersion of which

b: 10 thou jewel in the lotllS, Illim!' The

person nddressed in these words is not Bud

dhl\, but Spyan-?'os-yzifp (v. 8]J!Jan); by

some I l l ' is thought to be the author of them.

CoDcerDiDg the import of this sllOn apostrophy the best information is to be found

Kii}lp, II, 59-61. - The Tibetnns them

sch'es are ignorant of the proper seose of

these six syllables, if S{lnse at nil there be

in them, and it is not unlikely lIH1t some

shrewd priest invented this form of prayel',

in (wder to furnisll the common people with

a formula or symbol, easily to be ret..,incd

by the memory, aud the frequent recitAl ofwhich mif::ht satisfy their religiou8 wants,

And though there mny he no obvious mean

ing in such exclamations or prllyers, yet

their efficltCy is sure to be firmly believed

in by a people, whose prl\ctical religion

chiefly consists in the performance of cer

tain rites nnd ceremonies, in 1I. de\'out v&-

neration of their wmas, combined with

frequent oblations to them, in abstainingfrOID gross sins (regarding el'en the killing

of live nnimnls tIS such), lind in the Pm

dakshina (v. sJ.:or-bu 2). - The numerous

nttempts thltt ltn\'e been made to CJ;plnin

tile O m m a n i p a d m e h t 1 m ~ a t i s f n c t o r i l y , lI.ud to

discover 11 deeper sense or even 1\ hidden

wisdom in it, lu\\'e pre\'ed more or less un

successful. The most simllie nnd popular,

but also the llaUest of these upl!luations

is derired from the purely c:s:tnn.,ie eireum

SUlnce, that the SaDskrit words of the pmyer

consist of six s)'lIl'blos, IWd I\ccordiogly it

is suggested, that el'eh of these syllables,

when pl'Ol!Ounced by a piolls Bud{lhist, con

l'eys a lliessiug ulloO one of the 'six classes

of beill(;$', - The conjecture witli which

KVl'R, ClPs06 ~ i disquisition, is certainly



608

'o~ a-hum

nothing but a smart thought of that learned

author.

^w.&o-a-lmm,

another mysticalformula,

2 used e. g.for transforming the mi-

ytudn-Sabcu into bdud-rtsi, v. the expla-

nation givenunder nan-mcod.

r 'o-fsugsSch. : propping

one's chin

on both fists, 'o-fsugsmdzad Mil

'og-rgyd beard; 'og-fstim=

'ag-fsdm.

>dg-ma throat, neck,=

Ikdg-ma; 'og-

zo a beautiful white neck, a 'milk-

neck' Glr.; 'og-sM prob. = 'os-sko Med.

'on-gu a lamp, 'on-rds the wick of

a lamp C.

OS- COS

'on-ti W. resp. for 'a,at your ser-

vice ! at your commands !

|*'on-log ptarmigan

Sch.

'

'om-mo'g throat and chest Sch.

'ol-ma C. throat, windpipe,= 'ol-

Idoh; *'6l-ma ddm-te s/-pa* to

strangle, throttle; 'ol-rko, 'ol-goh,'ol-kron

id., or ace. to others = 'ol-mdud the fore-

part of the larynx.

'os-s/b, also *6-ku* C. the chin, resp.

zal-ko.

T.

'

os -cos Ts. *o-cu* Pedicularis

Hookeriana.

• ' - l i l "-

nothing but a smart though t of tha t learned

anlbor.

.. i i. 'a-lifim , anotber i l lystical form uln,

. used e. g. for tnm sform ingtbe m i

it8d1i-ba 6CII in to Mud-mi, ,', the upla-

nation gi\'en under ftllli-mtdd.

'o-(su!p &11.: (lroppingone's chin

on both fists, 'O-uUga md:ad MiL

'og-r:gyd beard; 'og-f,w11I='ag-6&m.

'6fJ-ma throal, neck, _UOij'1Ilaj 'og

'" 'P I beautiful white neck, a 'm ilk

neck' G lr.; 'og-d:O prob. - '0 -{0 Mrd.'OJf-gu a lamp, 'o li-ra. the wick of

"V 1'I ltunp C.

'oi<-l/1V: resp. for 'a, at your ser-

vice! at your commands!

'oJi-lo[J ptarmigan &1,.

throat and chest &/1.

iff'.-r.;r 'ol-ma C. throat, windpipe, = '01-

{doli; ·'dl-11Ul ddm-te . l-po .- to

strangle, thro ttle; 'ol-rl:o, 'ol-9Oft, 'o/-f,:roil.

id" or ace. to others - 'of-mdud the fore

p:ut of the lllryml:.

'ot-d:Q, also -l1-ku- C. the chin, resp.

:al-I.'O.' tit - (lOr T,. -!J- 'ltj- PtdictJ.lar;,

l1oo/unoanao

.1 1

Documents

Tibetan English Dictionary (Jaschke 1883) - Row 8