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A World Connected by Light
THz Communications Use Cases and Application Scenarios
Mir GhoraishiPrincipal R&D Engineer
pureLiFi Ltd
Foreword Spectrum bands identified here are only working assumptions
for WORTECS and in any case recommendations from WORTECS partners towards regulation bodies. Such activity need to take into account other parameters such as real
usage of bands by administrations, harmonized / fragmented usage of bands… that have not been taken into account at all in this basic analysis.
Analysis based on : Radio spectrum:
• “Radio Regulations articles” document from ITU (edition of 2016)• Identification of bands allocated to mobile services, w/o deployment constraints
• Propagation channel properties Optical spectrum:
• Current situation : no regulation nor management and attribution of this part of spectrum exist !!!
2Mir Ghoraishi - pureLiFi Ltd
(n): ITU band number
ELF: Extremely low frequencySLF: Super low frequencyULF: Ultra low frequencyVLF: Very low frequencyLF: Low frequencyMF: Medium frequencyHF: High frequencyVHF: Very high frequencyUHF: Ultra high frequencySHF: Super high frequencyEHF: Extremely high frequencyTHF: Tremendously high frequency
3 THzcm waves mm waves THz band
3 MHz 30 MHz 300 MHz 3 GHz 30 GHz 300 GHz3 Hz 30 Hz 300 Hz 3 KHz 30 KHz 300 KHz
HF (7) VHF (8) UHF (9) SHF (10) EHF (11) THF (12)ELF (1) SLF (2) ULF (3) VLF (4) LF (5) MF (6)
THz spectrum definition
Radio
OpticalFar InfraRed Mid InfraRed Near InfraRed Visible Light Ultra Violet
300 GHz 30 THz 120 THz 400 THz 750 THz 30 PHz
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WORTECS prioritised bands Radio spectrum [158,5 – 164] GHz [174,5 – 174,8] GHz [231,5 – 235] GHz [238 – 241] GHz
Optical spectrum No real constraint on the choice of spectrum used, provided safety requirements are
met• No need for a license before transmitting in this spectrum band but no coexistence rules have been
defined between technologies neither.
4Mir Ghoraishi - pureLiFi Ltd
Mir Ghoraishi - pureLiFi Ltd5
By 2025 there won’t be enough RFcapacity to meet demand.
Please wait...
We are concerned about AT&T's operation in a saturated wireless market, where spectrum crunch has become a major issue in the domestic telecom industry.
AT&T (T) Slips to a 52-Week Low: What's Taking It Down?
0.3THzof RF spectrumfor WiGig, WiFi,
TV, cellular& everything else
6THzof wireless spectrum
needed in thenext 20 years
at current growth
20xmore than available
RF spectrum
340THzof visible light spectrum alone
Light is the answer
“The Great Radio Spectrum Crunch”
- IEEE Spectrum
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LiFinmWave1 GHz/channel3,900 channels in
visible spectrum alone20 bps/Hz ~100 Gbps
WiGigmmWave500 MHz/channel~10 channels~14 bps/Hz~7 Gbps
LTE & WIFIcmWave10 MHz/channel~20 channel ~2 bps/Hz~ 1 Gbps
Light spectrum is1,000x larger than RF
1,000x
Unprecedented speed potentialVastly higher data density
Energy efficient lighting + dataInherently safe & secure
BidirectionalCentimetre accurate location
License exempt spectrum5G & WiFi interoperability
Why LiFi?
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Typi
cal d
eplo
ymen
t bas
ed o
n 74
use
rs in
340
sqm 2 Access Points
2.8 Mbps throughput
10,000 x lower than LiFi
46 Access Points29,600 Mbps throughputLiFi
Vastly higher data densityin the real world
What is LiFi?
A real mobile wireless connection through light.
Bidirectional, fully networked, high speed communications using the light spectrum.
How it worksThe communications backhaul connects to the LiFi Access Point (AP) via a wired connection.
The AP connected to an LED modulates the light at super fast speeds to send data.
Data is received back to the AP using a photo sensitive receiver.
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Secure No Interference Data Density Location Services
Efficiency Smart Lighting
LiFi Benefits
Global LiFi Market – Forecast
Mir Ghoraishi - pureLiFi Ltd
LiFi market size forecast worth $75.5 billion by 2023 Global LiFi market application analysis (2013 - 2023)
• Automotive• Indoor networking• Aerospace• Healthcare• Intrinsically safe environments• Location based services• Defense• Underwater communication
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- Light can be contained within walls.
- Each light has it’s own IP address so secure data can be geofenced to certain areas.
- Assets can be tracked based own their location under each light.
A LiFi Use Case
Secure Office Networking with LiFi
Industry 4.0 and most modern production facilities struggle with radio frequency interference. However LiFi can not only provide wireless communications in modern connected manufacturing facilities. LiFi can enable industry 4.0 with fast reliable and safe wireless communications.
A LiFi Use Case
LiFi conquering RF interference.
- LiFi can achieve approximately 1,000 times the data density of Wi-Fi offering more data per square metre which reduces the need to share the wireless bandwidth with other users.
- Each LiFi enabled light provides each user with 43 Mbps which is not compromised by the amount of active users.
- You can simply extend your lighting network to increase your bandwidth.
A LiFi Use Case
Data Density for Enterprise
- LiFi enabled lights have their own separate IP address which can be used to gather important behavioural patterns by tracking users movements within a particular environment.
- Location services can be extremely influential for retails and leisure establishments who can use LiFi to improve attractions, exhibits or stores to increase performance or sales acquisitions by using influential metrics.
A LiFi Use Case
Location Services in Retail & Leisure
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Car to car communications.Car to street light communications.
In car communications
A LiFi Use Case
Smart Transport Communications.
Killer Use Cases
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Secure Environments• Light can be contained within walls.
• Each light has it’s own IP address so secure
data can be geofenced to certain areas.• Assets can be tracked based own their
location under each light.
Enterprise and Home Wireless• Greater bandwidth
• Greater density
• No more dead spots
• Secure wireless communications
• Smart Lighting and IoT
Smart Transport and Autonomous Driving• Car to car communications.
• Car to street light communications.
• In car communications
Artificial Intelligence• Millions of Connections
• Ultra high speeds
• Predictive analysis
• Edge Computing
• Low Latency
Industrial Augmented Reality (AR)• LiFi can be used in in industrial environments
for predictive maintenance and repairs.
• Location services can overlay technical
information on machinery and equipment.
Home networkSmart homeEntertainmentLighting
Smart citySmart transportStreetlightsBackhaul
Indoor locationShop analyticsPaymentsBack office
Smart buildingSecure commsDense networkNet offload
Data centresIndustry 4.0IoT sensorsSafe enviro
Field commandSecure commsHarsh enviroUnderwater
Limitless ApplicationsSmart Home & Lifestyle
Smart City & Transport
Retail & Financial
Office & Commercial
Data & Industrial
Defence & Environment
Mir
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We see LiFi in every light every device connecting everything and everyone
