THYROID GLAND

Megha Naik,Batch 12- PGDCRDate : 14.12.12

CONTENTS

Introduction Table of Contents Why is Thyroid Gland important? Anatomy Physiology Functions of thyroid hormones How are Thyroid hormones regulated? Disorders of Gland Hypothyroidism Hyperthyroidism Summary

WHY IS THYROID GLAND IMPORTANT ?

Secretions of the Thyroid gland control:Body’s MetabolismGrowthDevelopment

Also affects : Cardiovascular System, Central Nervous System and Reproductive System.

ANATOMY

Butterfly-shaped organ, composed of two cone-

like lobes or wings connected via the isthmus,

Lies  on the anterior side of the neck, lying against and around the larynx and trachea

PHYSIOLOGY

Endocrine GlandFollicular Cells - secretes Thyroid

hormones- T3 – triiodothyronine and T4 – Tetraiodothyronine / thyroxine

Parafollicular cells – secretes Calcitonin

FUNCTIONS

HORMONES FUNCTIONS

T3 and T4 Regulates metabolic rate

Calcitonin Regulates calcium and phosphate levels in blood.

HOW ARE THYROID HORMONES REGULATED?

Controlled by : Thyrotropin

Releasing Hormone

Thyroid Stimulating HormoneRegulated by :

Negative feedback mechanism

DISORDERS OF THYROID GLAND

HypothyroidismHyperthyroidism

HYPOTHYROIDISM

Reasons Hashimoto

disease, Iodine

Deficiency, Pituitary

Insufficiency, Surgical

removal of thyroid gland

Effects Goiter Myxedema Cretinism

Treatment Hormone

replacement Therapy

Levothyroxine (T4)

Liothyronine (T3)

HYPERTHYROIDISM

Reasons Grave’s

disease, Tumors, Thyroiditis, Thyroid Storm,

Effects Grave’s

Disease Exopthalmos

Treatment Thyroid

Inhibitors, Radioactive

iodine, Gluco-

corticoids, Surgical

removal

Summary

Endocrine gland located in the anterior neck.

Primary function is to regulate body’s metabolic rate.

Deficiency of the thyroid hormones causes Goiter,Myxedema, Cretinism.

Hypersecretion causes Grave’s Disease and Exopthalmos

References

http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/thyroid/physio.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroidhttp://images.yourdictionary.com/thyroid-

gland

QUESTIONS??

THANK YOU