Three Ways How Oil

Industry Protects

Environment

The Double Hulled Oil Tanker

The Double Hulled Oil Tanker

Tanker Vessel

An oil tanker, also know as petroleumtanker, is a merchant ship designedfor the bulk transport of oil.

The Double Hulled Oil TankerA double hull is a ship hull design and construction method where the Bottom and sides of the ship have two complete layers of watertighthull surface.

The Double Hulled Oil Tanker

Cross-Sections of Double Hulled

Tanker

Ballast

Inner Layer

Outer Layer

Single- Vs. Double-Hull Tankers

If the hull is penetrated in caseof collision or grounding, oil willSpill directly into the ocean.

If the outer hull is penetrated in case of collision or grounding, The inner hull containing the oilmay remain intact.

Single-Hull Tanker Double-Hull Tanker

The Ballast of Double Hull Tanker

Ballast is material that is used to provide stability to a vassel

Oil Tanker Size Classification

Very Large Crude Carrier

Ultra Large Crude Carrier

The Double Hulled Oil Tanker

THE SHIFT TO DOUBLE HULL DESIGNS WILL REDUCE THE LIKELIHOOD OF OIL SPILLAGE BUT ONLY IF THEY ARE:

• Maintained to a higher standard than is apparent in some ships today,

• operated by personnel who are well trained and committed to their jobs; and

• designed and built to high standards.

MAINTENANCE.

Failure due to undetected corrosion

BALLAST TANK

A ballast tank is a compartment within a ship which protects the corrosive enviroment due to the periodic exposure to seawater( wet and dry conditions)

CARGO TANKS

Corrosion of cargo tanks is principally on horizontal surfaces by the pressure, temperature profiles, sludge accumulation, and residual water.

OPERATIONAL ISSUES

Routine monitoring of empty ballast tanks for hydrocarbon gases;

Action to be taken in the event of cargo leakage;

procedures to be followed if a ballast tank must be inerted as a result of cargo leakage into the tank.

advice on gas freeing, cleaning and entryafter inerting.

A DOUBLE HULL DESIGN CONTRIBUTES TO THE PREVENTION OF OIL POLLUTION IN THE FOLLOWING TWO

WAYS.

An oil spill maybe prevented in the event of collision with another ship or object where only the outer hull is breached.

Inner(cargo containment) hulls may develop small cracks from thermal and mechanical stresses. In a double hulled tanker, the outer hull will prevent an oil spill in the event of a minor inner hull leak.

Re-planting After Drilling

All phases of oil operations impact the environment and biodiversity. The two main causes of environmental involvement are :

Re-planting After Drilling

Pollution Deforestation

Re-planting After Drilling

CHEMICALS: The same crude oil and components used for extraction.

SOUND:The seismic prospectingand operation of Machinery

LIGHT:Generated in gas flaring.

FACTORS MAY BE DIFFERENT NATURES…

Re-planting After Drilling

THE OIL INDUSTRY produces much destruction of biodiversity and the environment in general.

These regions are borders to expand their business.

Methods using oil wearing industry land and property in this are fertile .

Re-planting After Drilling

a) Because forests have to be cut to install infrastructure.

b ) For the construction of camps , empathize roads, etc. are extracted using thousands of boards surrounding forests. c ) An indirect impact is that the roads are an open door to colonization and deforestation gas.

DEFORESTATION OCCURS FOR THREE REASONS:

Re-planting After Drilling

After it has been drilled and this zone is no longer productive abandoned.

Time period: 5 years planting vegetable.

Tailings ponds.

There are being created new technologies and methods to prevent further damage .

THE REFORESTATION

Re-planting After Drilling

Safe Disposal of Drilling Mud

Safe Disposal of Drilling Mud

What is the Drilling Mud?

They are fluids circulating in theOil and gas wells to clean and Condition of hole.

It lubricates the drill bit and toBalance formation pressure.

Drilling mud’s typically use wateror oil as base fluid.

Safe Disposal of Drilling MudSludge Waste Containment

One of the concerns about waste is to ensure they are segregated in an appropriate manner, so that they can be handled and disposed of efficiently, minimizing environmental impact.

Should berms and / or suitable dams constructed to contain and allow recovery of spilled fluids that Containing contaminated waste.

Extreme caution should be taken to avoid spills and contain those who accidentally happen within the concession.

The waste drilling fluids containing waste sludge should be Stored in the main drain

Waste Mud

Safe Disposal of Drilling Mud

The four "R"

REDUCEReducing waste is the preferred option; is better to produce the least amount of waste.

REUSE If there has been a waste, maximum effort should be using it again. As long as this is practical.

RECYCLE Although recycling helps conserve wealth and reduce waste, it is important to know that there are economic and environmental costs associated with the collection of waste and recycling processes.

RECOVER Recovering is sometimes possible to recover materials or energy from waste that can not be reduced, reused or recirculated

Safe Disposal of Drilling Mud

Any effusion of fluid of perforation…

EFFUSION

Safe Disposal of Drilling Mud

USE OF THE MUD

Although its first function is to transport the perforation clippings to the surface, the perforation muds also redeem other functions:

Safe Disposal of Drilling Mud

Thank all of you for your attention