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Three Sections of the Cell All cells take in food, rid waste, reproduce 3 main sections 1) Plasma membrane 2) Nucleus 3) Cytoplasm 2 3 Ribosomes Vacuoles Mitochondria Chloroplasts ER Golgi Body Lysosomes 1
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Three Sections of the Cell
All cells take in food, rid waste, reproduce 3 main sections 1)
Plasma membrane 2) Nucleus 3) Cytoplasm 2 3 Ribosomes Vacuoles
Mitochondria Chloroplasts ER Golgi Body Lysosomes 1 Cytoplasm
Jelly-like material inside of the cell
Most organelles float within Nucleus Ribosomes Vacuoles
Mitochondria Chloroplasts ER Golgi Body Lysosomes Cytoplasm
Jelly-like material inside of the cell
Most organelles float within Nucleus Ribosomes Vacuoles
Mitochondria Chloroplasts ER Golgi Body Lysosomes The green spheres
are chloroplasts located inside a plant cell you will see this in
our lab activity! Cytoplasm Jelly-like material inside of the
cell
Most organelles float within Nucleus Ribosomes Vacuoles
Mitochondria Chloroplasts ER Golgi Body Lysosomes Job: Help
dissolve solutes & move materials around Plasma Membrane Aka:
Cell Membrane Job: Allow materials to enter/exit
inside outside Aka: Cell Membrane Job: Allow materials to
enter/exit Composition: Lipids & proteins Semi-Permeable: only
specific materials may enter and exit through pores & protein
channels Nucleus Job: Controls cell activity Inside: 1)
Chromatin
long strands of DNA holds info to make proteins 2) Nucleolus: makes
ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum
Aka: ER Rough ER: Tunnel system that transports ribosomes and
proteins Smooth ER: makes fats & breaks down toxins (no
ribosomes) Ribosomes Created by nucleolus Transported by the rough
ER
Job: make proteins Ribosomes Created by nucleolus Transported by
the rough ER
protein Amino acid Amino acid Amino acid Amino acid Amino acid
Amino acid Amino acid Created by nucleolus Transported by the rough
ER Job: make proteins Golgi Apparatus Job: Package and transport
proteins out of the cell
Protein Creation Process Review 1) Nucleolus makes a ribosome 2)
Ribosome makes protein & travels through rough ER 3) Golgi Body
packages the protein into a vesicle and exports them Golgi Body in
action Vesicle expels the proteins (blue dots) from the cell Golgi
body is placing proteins (yellow dots) into protective vesicles 1
minute: Discuss with your neighboor
Which organelle builds proteins? Stores DNA? Produces ribosomes?
Creates fats and breaks down toxins? Packages and releases proteins
from a cell? Allows material to enter/exit a cell? Moves molecules
around the inside of a cell? (three acceptable answers) ribosome
Nucleus Nucleolus Smooth ER Golgi body Cell membrane Cytoplasm,
Rough ER, Vesicles 1 minute: Discuss with your neighboor
Place the following steps of protein creation in order from start
to finish. A: Golgi body packages and exports the finished proteins
in a vesicle B: Ribosomes travel along the rough ER and create
proteins C: Nucleolus makes ribosomes D: Ribosomes exit the nucleus
The Answer is. Place the following steps of protein creation in
order from start to finish. C: Nucleolus makes ribosomes D:
Ribosomes exit the nucleus B: Ribosomes travel along the rough ER
and create proteins A: Golgi body packages and exports the finished
proteins in a vesicle Mitochondria Powerhouse
Job: Create ATP (energy molecule) in a process called cellular
respiration Mitochondria Powerhouse
Job: Create ATP (energy molecule) in a process called cellular
respiration Endosymbiosis theory: once free living organisms that
became parts of modern cells Evidence: Own DNA & ribosomes Make
proteins Mitochondria Powerhouse
Job: Create ATP (energy molecule) in a process called cellular
respiration Endosymbiosis theory: were once free living organisms
that became parts of modern cells Evidence: Own DNA & ribosomes
Make proteins Replicate split into two cells. Here is a
mitochondrion about to Endosymbiosis Mitochondria ancestor
The predator cells continue to divide,splitting apart the
mitochondria A large predator cell devours the mitochondria
ancestor Mitochondria survive and divide The mitochondria continue
to divide and multiply Over time, the mitochondria and larger cell
become dependent on one another The predator cell divides,
splitting apart the mitochondria Lysosome Contain digestive enzymes
Jobs:
1) Autolysis: Destroy dying cell This lysosome is destroying a
mitochondrion Lysosome Contain digestive enzymes Jobs:
1) Autolysis: Destroy dying cell 2) Break down food protein cell p
r o t e i n Lysosome (with enzymes inside) Lysosome Contain
digestive enzymes Jobs:
bacteria Contain digestive enzymes Jobs: 1) Autolysis: Destroy
dying cell 2) Break down food 3) Kill bacteria white blood cell
white blood cell bacteria Lysosome (with enzymes inside) Cilia
& Flagella Job: movement
Cilia = short hair-like extensions (numerous) There are thousands
of cilia surrounding this one cell. Lets zoom in for a closer look.
You can now see the individual cilia Cilia & Flagella Job:
movement
Cilia = short hair-like extensions (numerous) Flagella = long
whip-like extension (very few) 1 2 3 This cell has 3 flagella Cilia
& Flagella Job: movement
Cilia = short hair-like extensions (numerous) Flagella = long
whip-like extension (very few) 1 2 8 3 4 5 6 7 This cell has 8
flagella Cilia & Flagella Job: movement
Cilia = short hair-like extensions (numerous) Flagella = long
whip-like extension (very few) Sperm cells have only 1 flagellum
Cilia & Flagella Job: movement
Cilia = short hair-like extensions (numerous) Flagella = long
whip-like extension (very few) This sperm cell is about to
penetrate an egg cell. Cilia & Flagella Job: movement
Cilia = short hair-like extensions (numerous) Flagella = long
whip-like extension (very few) The fertilized egg will grow into a
fetus Cilia & Flagella Job: movement
Cilia = short hair-like extensions (numerous) Flagella = long
whip-like extension (very few) 9 months later.. Cilia &
Flagella Job: movement
Cilia = short hair-like extensions (numerous) Flagella = long
whip-like extension (very few) About 14 years later. Cilia &
Flagella Job: movement
Cilia = short hair-like extensions (numerous) Flagella = long
whip-like extension (very few) 4 years from now (hopefully) Cilia
& Flagella Job: movement
Cilia = short hair-like extensions (numerous) Flagella = long
whip-like extension (very few) Cell Wall Outermost layer of plant,
fungi, & bacteria cells
Job: Adds support for growth Made of tough cellulose Hard to digest
Witnessed by Robert Hooke in 1665 Cell membrane The cell wall is
all that remains in cork Chloroplast Job: Perform
photosynthesis
Chlorophyll molecules absorb sunlight & convert water and CO2
into sugars Endosymbiosis theory: were once free living organisms
that became parts of modern cells Evidence: Own DNA and ribosomes
Make proteins Replicate chloroplast Chloroplast Job: Perform
photosynthesis
Chlorophyll molecules absorb sunlight & convert water and CO2
into sugars Endosymbiosis theory: were once free living organisms
that became parts of modern cells Evidence: Own DNA and ribosomes
Make proteins Replicate Look for them flowing in the cytoplasm
during our lab activity! Endosymbiosis Chloroplast ancestor
The predator cells continue to divide,splitting apart the
chloroplasts Chloroplast survives and divides A large predator cell
devours the chloroplast ancestor The chloroplasts continue to
divide and multiply Over time, the chloroplast and larger cell
become dependent on one another The predator cell divides,
splitting apart the chloroplasts Vacuole Job: Stores food, water,
waste, color pigments
nucleus B A chloroplast C Job: Stores food, water, waste, color
pigments Plant cells: Large central vacuole Animal cells: Scattered
smaller vacuoles Kobe Kuiz Pick an organelleany organelle. Describe
its function.
Name 7 organelles that can be found within the cytoplasm. Describe
the pathway that proteins travel from creation to exportation. List
various reasons to help support the theory of endosymbiosis. Name
two organelles that plant cells have and animal cells do not. Which
organelle creates ATP energy for cells? Which organelle converts
sunlight into sugar? Which organelle creates ribosomes? Which
organelle fuses with the cell membrane to release proteins? Which
molecule holds the information to make a protein?