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Three Progressive Presidents. Teddy Roosevelt and the Big Stick William Howard Taft and Dollar Diplomacy Woodrow Wilson and the New Freedoms. Teddy Roosevelt. Progressive Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt. 1901-1909 Personality: Impulsive, physically active. Background: - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Three Progressive Presidents
• Teddy Roosevelt and the Big Stick
• William Howard Taft and Dollar Diplomacy
• Woodrow Wilson and the New Freedoms
Teddy Roosevelt
Progressive Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt
• 1901-1909
• Personality: • Impulsive, physically active.
• Background: • Served in New York State’s Assembly• Was McKinley’s Vice President
• Reform Programs• “A Square Deal” for all Americans
Definition of a Trust
• Any large industrial or commercial corporation or combination having a monopolistic or semi-monopolistic control over the production of some commodity or service.
Roosevelt & Addressing the Effects
of Industrialization• Used the Sherman Antitrust Act to regulate and
break up monopolies
• Protected consumers by passing the Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act.
• Helped coal miners by pressuring strikers and owners to use arbitration to end the 1902 strike.
• Backed the creation of the U.S. Forest Service and set aside nearly 150 million acres of national forests
Roosevelt & Reforming National Government
• Roosevelt supported women’s suffrage when he ran for president in 1912.• *He was not elected
The “Roughriders”
The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
• Monroe Doctrine (1823): European Powers should stay out of the Western Hemisphere and the U.S. would stay out of European affairs.
• Roosevelt Corollary: In order to prevent such intervention, the United States was justified in acting first.• Known as Big Stick Diplomacy• “Walk softly and carry a big stick, you will go far.”
William Howard Taft
The Progressive Presidents: William Taft
• 1909-1913
• Personality:• Quiet and cautious
• Background:• Member of Roosevelt’s cabinet• Former judge
• Reform Programs:• Continued some of Roosevelt’s progressive
reforms
Taft & Addressing the Effects of
Industrialization• Taft brought more than 90 lawsuits against
trusts. He prosecuted trusts with limited trade.
• He established the Children’s Bureau in the Department of Labor.
• Implemented 8-hr workday for govt employees
• Added 2.7 million acres to the National Wildlife Refuge System.
Taft & Reforming the National Government
• Called for reform of the banking system, though Americans were divided on proper solution
• Congress proposed the 16th Amendment, establishing a federal income tax during Taft’s presidency
• Congress passed the 17th Amendment, which called for the direct election of senators in 1912
Dollar Diplomacy
• To use the military strength of the United States to protect private American investments abroad.
Woodrow Wilson
The Progressive Presidents: Woodrow
Wilson• 1913-1921
• Personality:• Idealist• Scholar
• Background:• Governor of New Jersey
• Reform Programs:• New Freedom• Gave more economic freedom to small businesses
and average citizens
Addressing the Effects of Industrialization:
Wilson• Helped pass the Clayton Antitrust Act,
which made it harder for trusts to form and exempted Unions from antitrust laws
• Signed the Keating-Owen Child Labor Act and secured 8 hour workdays for railroad workers
• Supported the creation of the National Park Service to manage national parks for preservation and public use.
Reforming the National Government
• Supported the creation of Federal Reserve System to stabilize the banking system.
• 16th & 17th Amendments were ratified under his presidency
• 18th Amendment, which prohibited alcohol, was ratified during his presidency
• Wilson supported women’s suffrage, and the 19th Amdt. was ratified when he was in office.
Trends of Progressive Presidents
• Limiting the power of big businesses / corporations
• Defending the rights of the “common man”• Limiting work hour• Allowing people to vote directly for senators
• Preserving land through national forests.