Three Kingdoms 삼국시대SuminRoh&ChloeShin7D

8/7/2019 Three Kingdoms SuminRoh&ChloeShin7D

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BY: SUMINROH &CHLOE SHIN

2011

Th

ree

King

dom

sMap of the Three Kingdoms

of Korea

ofKorea

CHAPTER 3

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Copyright by Sumin Roh & Chloe Shin, a student from KIS at Ms. Larues Social Studies Class. All rights reserved.


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Koguryo



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Vocabulary

Exotic: (adj) originating in or characteristic of adistant foreign country.

Commanders: (noun) a person in authority, esp.over a body of troops or a military operation.

Invasion: (noun) an instance of invading acountry or region with an armed force.

Tribe: (noun) a social division in a traditionalsociety consisting of families or communitieslinked by social, economic, religious, or bloodties, with a common culture and dialect, typicallyhaving a recognized leader.

Heir: (noun) a person legally entitled to theproperty or rank of another on that person'sdeath.

Institutions: (noun) a society or organizationfounded for a religious, educational, social, orsimilar purpose : a certificate from a professionalinstitution.

Obedience: (noun) compliance with someone'swishes or orders or acknowledgment of theirauthority.

Enlargement: (noun) the action or state ofenlarging or being enlarged.

Repel: (verb) drive or force (an attack orattacker)

SECTION 1 VocabularySECTION 1 Vocabulary



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SEC 1

Founding and GrowthKoguryo was founded in 37B.C. And collapsed in A.D.668 after 705 years ofrule. Although the Kingdomcollapsed they left manyhistorical achievements.

Koguryo started from amodest beginning at theZolbon area in the YaluRiver valley. The founderof Koguryo was KingJumong(). He was

originally from the Stateof Buyeo. When he leftBuyeo and foundedKoguryo, Gojumong was sostressed about getting amodest palace, security,and enough grains.However, Koguryodeveloped as a strongcountry, and with theirstrong leadership andmilitary power, they beganto expand the land a littleby little. Being close withother small close nations

like Biryu, Okjeo, Haeng-in and Yangmaek, helpedthe country developfaster. Later it becamestronger than Buyeo by theearly first century A.D.

By the middle of the first

century A.D., during KingTaejo's reign, Koguryodeveloped many new exoticcultures and combinedthem with their previousculture from Old Joseon() and Buyeo(

). King Taejo

successfully advanced intoLiaodong and the plains ofthe northern Koreanpeninsula. With hismilitary force he drove theHan's easternCommanderies of Lolang,Xiantu and Liaodong outtoward the west.

In 246, unlike the successthey had before, Koguryodeclined and its capital,

Kuk nae seong ()

fell to the hands of theienemy when ChinasWeis military attackefrom the west. However,Koguryo soon regained ipower and was able to

protect themselves fromthe repeated attacks frWei. Koguryo continued grow and influenced Buyand Suksin in the north,and by the early fourthcentury, during kingMicheons rule, theydestroyed the ChineseCommanderies of Lolangand Taifang altogether.

However in 342,Koguryos capital onceagain fell into theirenemys hands during tinvasion of the MoyongSeonbi tribe. It also wenunder a hard time in 371when Baekje attackedfrom the south. KingGogokwon died during thattack.

Builds up a great Empire

King Gogukwons heirs wereKing Sosurim and KingGogukyang. They began tofix up the kingdomsinternal institutions in anoffer to control the seriesof disasters facing Koguryo.

Kings Sosurim andGogukyang were able toreinforce state power bycreating social obediencethrough executive laws andorders, providing the causefor liberal thoughts byintroducing Buddhism, andtaking care of intelligentpeople with theestablishment of Taehak(University).

It was King Gwanggaeto(391~413), who greatlychanged the map of Koguryoby working on adding newlands through militaryconquests. The militarycampaigns of this king madeShilla in the southeasternpart of the Korean peninsula

a powerless state, andBaekje, Gaya and Japan itspraising states. To thenorth, it overwhelmed Suksinand East Buyeo and madethem praising states. To thewest, Koguryo conquered theKhitan tribe along the middleand upper reaches of WestLiao River and destroyed the

Kater Yen, set up by MoySeonbi tribe.King Gwanggaetos heirwas his son, King JangsuDuring his 79 years on ththrone, King Jangsucontinued his fathersventures and broughtKoguryo to its prospering

height. Koguryos powerexpanded further to thenorth, dividing the Jiduwterritory along the GreatKhingan Range with thenomadic empire of Yuyenthe south, Koguryo exercuninterrupted control ovregion between the GyeoBay and the Youngil Bay i

North

Ko

guryo


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Koguryo's Wars with Sui and Tang

During its glory days, a crisis befellupon Koguryo. A series of conflictsamong the nobility over the successionissues in the 540s gave the newlyemerging nomadic power, Tuchueh thechance to launch an attack from thenorth in the 550s and Baekje and Shillaattacked from the south. In the endKoguryo had to surrender the mid sectionof the Korean peninsula to Shilla and

concentrated its efforts to repelTuchueh, and was victorious. A moresignificant challenge descended uponKoguryo during the second half of thesixth century. The four-power set up inEast Asia was collapsing, when the newSui Empire came to light. Sui managed tounify numerous nations competing forprimacy in the Huang and Yangtze Riverregions and even destroyed Tuchueh, who

had been ruling the northeastern plains

This led Sui forces face to face withKoguryo, which was still working towardthe enlargement of policies. Inpreparation for war with Sui, Koguryocollected lots of information, stimulateon weapons development, strengthenedits inner unity and braced itself for warIn 612, Sui attacked Koguryo withmillions of troops. Koguryo scored amajor victory at the battle of SalsuRiver by destroying most of the 305.000strong Sui troops. Later, Koguryosuccessfully repelled three more majorattacks. Eventually, this series ofdefeats led to the downfall of the SuiEmpire itself.

Thirty years later, Koguryo had to pay awar against the Tang, the Chinese heirto

Gyeongsang Province.Later, Koguryo continuedto expand its territoryuntil it reached theEastern Songhua River inthe north, Mt. Utmuryeoacross Liao River in thewest and the southern part

of todays LittoralProvince of Russia. Itsimplied control overnomadic tribes is takeninto consideration besidesthe newly addedterritories. Koguryo atthat time had great powerwith its range of influencecovering a large amount of

present-day NortheastChina, Russias LittoralProvince and two thirds of

the Korean peninsula.Inside the conqueredranges were Khitan, Malgal(Moho), Jiduwu, Shilla andYe in the form of powerlessor tributary states.Koguryo at this time wasone of the greatest

Empires in the region.Koguryo, in the fifth andsixth century, was one ofthe four great powers inEast Asia, along withYuyen, a nomadic empire;Northern Wei, a state setup by the Seonbi tribe inthe Huange river basin, andSong, a state established

by Han China in the YantzeRiver basin. UnlikeNorthern Wei and Song,

who was persistentlyafflicted by wars and otherdisturbances, Koguryo wasable to raise a high qualityculture, while enjoyingpeace. Indeed, Koguryoculture exercised asignificant impact on

Baekje, Shilla, and Japan.In early sixth century, theruler of Northern Wei,likened Koguryo to a largewine barrel, andrecognized the world ofKoguryos independentsupremacy set at the eastof the Great Wall.


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Kogur

yosCulture

Sui. In 645, it repelled hundreds ofthousands of Tang forces in battles atthe western frontiers strategic pointsof Sinseong, Geonan and Anshifortresses and Mt. Jupil. The leader ofthe Chinese forces was King Taejonghimself, known as the greatest king inChinese history. In 661, mobilizing

hundreds of thousands of troops, againthe Tang attacked Koguryo, but itsenterprises were frustrated the followingFebruary as the main part of Chineseforces was routed.

All great powers in history disappeared inthe long run, Koguryo was no exception.Yeon Gaesomun, who seized power in 642,was a great general. He led Koguryo to

victory in wars against the Tang in 645and 662. However he left the endowmentof dictatorship. Dictatorship narrowed

the range of political enlisting andcaused the state to become insensitiveto new international developments.Furthermore, after Yeon Gaesomun dieda power struggle broke out among histhree sons over the succession of thethrone and this inner disagreement threKoguryo into doom. Lost out in the power

struggle, the first son, Namsaeng,capitulated to the Tang forces, andrevealed highly classified informationabout Koguryo. Repeated wars againstTang weakened Koguryosmanufacturing base. In addition, Kogurys leadership was split within itself anbetrayal and distrust gave rise in themidst of dictatorship. Unable towithstand the assault of allied forces of

the Tang and Shilla, Koguryo finallycollapsed in A.D. 668.

Koguryo's Walls, Monuments, andTomb MuralsMany Koguryo era cultural benefitshave been recognized as world-classcultural heritage. Examples of thesebenefits include tomb murals that arewidely known for their sense of using

bright colors and a variety of paintedimages, the 1,500 year old castles andwalls that still stand high in grandeur,as well as oversized, massivemonuments.The kingdom had an abundant supply ofmountain rocks. Taking advantage ofthis, they built strong bulwarks atstrategically important defensivepoints and transportation crossroads.

Its castles retained the best of itsarchitectural technology. The chiaround the castles was the stickingout sections of the walls that allowedsoldiers to launch an effective three-font defense, which of courseincreased the defense power of thebulwarks. To ensure that thesedefense structures would not crumble

easily, they positioned solid, largerocks at the bottom and smaller rocfor the upper parts of the structureAngles of the walls were carefully lato ensure maximum stability. Rathethan chip off cliffs or rocks, they toadvantage of natural arrangement a

they were; and when they builtdefensive walls they laid the rocks ian interconnecting way, a techniquto build the walls as defensivelystrong as possible. The superiority Koguryos architectural techniqueswas widely known to neighboringcountries and influenced their cultuas well. Knowing that Koguryo castlewere hard to breach, regional power

would hold back from challengingKoguryo. The 1,500 year old Koguryodefensive walls are still existent allover the old Koguryo territory.Knowing how to work with rocks, thepeople of Koguryo used to buildgigantic stone tombs. The royal tomof



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King Jangsu (A.D. 413-491) is the primeexample. It stands like a pyramid thatmeasures 31 meters each side and stands13 meters high, a reason to why it isentitled the Pyramid of the East.There are over 10,000 stone tombs of thisstyle and others that are still existing;one of them measures 71 meters eachside. Tomb guards used to take care ofroyal tombs and ceremonial services tookplace on a regular basis.Then, there is King Gwanggaetosmonument that stands in front of thekings tomb. Built by his son, KingJangsu, in A.D. 414, this rectangularstanding stone stands 6.39 meters high

and weighs 37 metric tons. A total of1,775 Chinese characters were engravedon all four sides of the monument, whichis widely recognized for itshistoriographic value today. The Chineseengravings describe the rules of care: fortomb guardians, a brief history of thekingdom, and the blood line of royalfamilies, as well as the greatachievements of King Gwanggaeto.Another Koguryo-era monument, called

Jungwon-Koguryo-bi was excavated in1979 in Chungju, South Korea.About 2,000 words were engraved on it.Although scholars were so far able to readonly one-tenth of the engravings, about200 words, it nonetheless providedinvaluable information about how thekingdom governed its southernterritories.Finally, the typical works that exemplifyKoguryo art are the tomb murals inside

more than 100 tumuli. Their purpose was towish the dead a peaceful rest and theywere depicted in various images andcontents. Popular images were decorativepatterns, mostly to decorate the tomb'sinterior, the portraits of lifetime eventsof the deceased, gods of protection tochase off evil spirits and to lead the soulof the dead to the afterworld, paintingsof brave gate guards, goblins, some ofheavenly features, and various

constellations. These murals lively

portray the lifestyle of the time as wellas its complex spiritual worlds, not tomention the outstanding artistic paintingskills. For these reasons, they have wonrecognition as a world culturalheritage." Of these tomb paintings, thosefound inside Anak No. 3 Tumulus(featuring a long procession of 250participants), the Tomb of the Dancers(hunting scenes), the Large GangseoTumulus (a tortoise), and the MiddleGangseo Tumulus (a phoenix) deserve tobe recognized as excellent examples ofthe world's best artworks among theircontemporaries, given the exceptionaltechniques positioned in the handling of

colors and brush strokes. Also, thepaintings in the Fourth of the Five Tombs(portraying gods) still keep much of theirmagnificent colors, and continue tomesmerize viewers. painting skills. Forthese reasons, they have won recognitionas a world cultural heritage." Of thesetomb paintings, those found inside AnakNo. 3 Tumulus (featuring a longprocession of 250 participants), the Tombof the Dancers (hunting scenes), the

Large Gangseo Tumulus (a tortoise), andthe Middle Gangseo Tumulus (a phoenix)deserve to be recognized as excellentexamples of the world's best artworksamong their contemporaries, given theexceptional techniques positioned in thehandling of colors and brush strokes. Also,the paintings in the Fourth of the FiveTombs (portraying gods) still keep muchof their magnificent colors, and continueto mesmerize viewers.

Stone

Tomb


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Food / Clothing / Housing

Winter weather in Koguryo was verycold. Koguryo people invented the"ondolmeaning: Warm Stone. Aheating system in which a floor stoneis heated by burning fire at one end ofthe room with the smoke travelingunderneath and exiting at the otherend, making the living space warm.This system was mostly used inpalaces, temples and military posts,

as well as houses of ordinary citizens.

Comfortable jackets and trousers foroutdoor were the basic garments forKoguryo men. Koguryo men woretrousers that were favorable for horseriding like other region. They closedthe front of a jacket to the left andtied the waist without buttons. This

style was intended to increaseefficiency and convenience whenshooting arrows.

Women wore a variety of skirts suchas pleated, rainbow striped or polkadot skirts. But they also worecomfortable trousers. They wouldoften enjoy wearing outer robesdecorated with bright patterns.

Most Koguryo men wore a topknothairstyle and a hat. Women worevarious hairstyles and sometimes usedwigs. In Koguryo, colorful clothingstyles flourished as a variety ofclothing materials including silk wasproduced thanks to its advanced dyingtechnology. Even serfs wore colorfully

patterned clothes. Generally, men

preferred comfortable and practicalclothes, and women liked to wearcomfortable yet beautiful dresses.

Koguryo people enjoyed various foods.Rice, beans and millet were staplegrains, while barley, wheat and Indianmillet served as a secondary diet.

The representative Koguryo dish was"maeg-jeok, or roasted meat with

seasonings. This is the predecessor otoday's "bulgogi" (roast beef), one ofthe most famous Korean dishes. Adinner table of Koguryo people wouldconsist of half a dozen different foodprepared in various sized dishes,including fine dinnerware called"judu," on a table called "joban." Theyate their meals with spoons and

chopsticks.They also used a small knife called"ojado" to cut meat into small pieces.They would also have cabbage, lettuceand radish preserved with salt. Inlater generations, people would addred peppers to the dish, and this isthe origin of Korea's world famous"Kimchi" (fermented vegetable dish).

The home of beans, Koguryo would usebeans to make various sauces, likesoybean paste and soy sauce. Theyalso enjoyed brewing rice wines.


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The

Great KingTae-jo

(53~146)King Sosurim

(371~384)

Great KingGwanggaeto(394~413)Koguryos

Golden Age King

King Jangsu(413~491)

Koguryos GoldenAge King

Major

KingsofKoguryo

A)centralizedthe kingdom byfive clans intofive provinces,

Conquered thestates ofEastern Okjeo,Conquered thestates of Dongye

A) Advanced ininternationalrelationsB) Brought in and

practicedBuddhismC) Establishededucation system(Tae-Hak, 372)D) Organizednationmaintenance

A)ConqueredHan River

B) Enlarged theterritory toManju

A)Moved thecapital fromKugne to Pyong

Yang (427)

Great King

Tae-jo

King Sosurim Great King

Gwanggaeto

King Jangsu



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Baekje



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Vocabulary

Reinforcement: (noun) the action or process of reinforcing orstrengthening.

Naval: (adj) of, in, or relating to a navy or navies

Confront: (verb) meet (someone) face to face with hostile orargumentative intent

Diglossia: (noun) a situation in which two languages (or two varieties ofthe same language) are used under different conditions within acommunity, often by the same speakers. The term is usually applied tolanguages with distinct high and low (colloquial) varieties, such asArabic.

Synthesize: (verb) make (something) by synthesis, esp. chemically

Funerary: (adj) relating to a funeral or the commemoration of the dead

Yielding: (adj) (of a substance or object) giving way under pressure; nothard or rigid

Ornaments: (noun) a thing used to adorn something but usually having nopractical purpose, esp. a small object such as a figurine.

Epitaph: (noun) a phrase or statement written in memory of a person whohas died, esp. as an inscription on a tombstone.

Witnessed: (noun) a person who sees an event, typically a crime oraccident,

Consolidate: (verb) make (something) physically stronger or more solid

Confederacy: (noun) a league or alliance, esp. of confederate states.

Reciprocal: (adj) given, felt, or done in return

Envoys: (noun) a short stanza concluding a ballade.




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SEC 2

Founding andGrowth

According to theSamguk Sagi, Baekjewas founded in 18 BCEby King Onjo, who leda group of peoplefrom Koguryo, southto the Han Rivervalley. According tothe Chinese recordSan Guo Zhi, duringthe Samhan period,one of the chiefdomsof the Mahan alliance

was called Baekje.The Samguk Sagiprovides a detailedaccount of Baekje'sfounding. Jumong hadleft his son Yuri inBuyeo when he leftthe kingdom toestablish the new

kingdom of Koguryo.Jumong became KingDongmyeongseong,and had two moresons with So Seo no,Onjo and Biryu. WhenYuri later arrived inKoguryo, Jumongimmediately made

him the crown prince.Realizing Yuri wouldbecome the nextking, So Seo-no leftKoguryo, taking hertwo sons Biryu andOnjo south to foundtheir own kingdomswith their people,along with ten

servants. She isremembered as a keyfigure in thefounding of bothKoguryo and Baekje.

Onjo settled in

Wiryeseong(present-dayHanam), and calledhis country Sipje,while Biryu settled inMichuhol (present-day Incheon),against the sevants'advice. The salty

water and marshes inMichuhol madesettlement difficult,while the people ofWiryeseong livedflourishingly.

Biryu then went tohis brother Onjo,asking for the throne

of Sipje. When Onjorefused, Biryudeclared war, butwas defeated. Inshame, Biryucommitted suicide,and his people movedto Wiryeseong, whereKing Onjo welcomedthem and renamedhis country Baekje("Hundred Vassals").

King Onjo moved thecapital from thesouth to the north ofthe Han river, andthen south again,probably all near

Seoul, underpressure from otherMahan states. KingGaeru is believed tohave moved thecapital to the BukhaMountain Fortress i132, probably inpresent-dayGwangju, to thesoutheast of Seoul.

Through the earlycenturies of theCommon Era,sometimes called th

Proto-ThreeKingdoms Period,Baekje eventuallygained control overthe other Mahantribes.

B

AEK

JE

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samguk_Sagihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_of_Goguryeohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samguk_Sagihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samguk_Sagihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incheonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onjo_of_Baekjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samguk_Sagihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goguryeohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Three_Kingdoms_of_Koreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Three_Kingdoms_of_Koreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Three_Kingdoms_of_Koreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Three_Kingdoms_of_Koreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Erahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Erahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwangju_City_%28Gyeonggi%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwangju_City_%28Gyeonggi%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukhan_Mountain_Fortresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukhan_Mountain_Fortresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukhan_Mountain_Fortresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukhan_Mountain_Fortresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeru_of_Baekjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeru_of_Baekjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeru_of_Baekjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeru_of_Baekjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incheonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incheonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiryeseonghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiryeseonghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goguryeohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goguryeohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/So_Seo-nohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/So_Seo-nohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biryuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biryuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/So_Seo-nohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/So_Seo-nohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dongmyeongseong_of_Goguryeohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dongmyeongseong_of_Goguryeohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dongmyeongseong_of_Goguryeohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dongmyeongseong_of_Goguryeohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_of_Goguryeohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_of_Goguryeohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samguk_Sagihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samguk_Sagihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samhanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samhanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Guo_Zhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Guo_Zhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Guo_Zhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Guo_Zhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_River_%28Korea%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_River_%28Korea%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goguryeohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goguryeohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onjo_of_Baekjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onjo_of_Baekjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samguk_Sagihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samguk_Sagihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samguk_Sagihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samguk_Sagi


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Fall and restoration movementIn 660, the alliance troops of Shilla and Tang of China attacked Baekje, which wasthen allied with Koguryo. An excessive numbers of soldiers led by General Gyebaewas defeated in the Battle of Hwangsanbeol near Nonsan. The capital Sabi fellalmost immediately there after, resulting in the seizure of Baekjeby Shilla. KingUija and his son Buyeo Yung were sent into banishment in China while at least someof the ruling class fled to Japan.

Baekjes military forces attempted a brief reinforcement movement but faced

Shilla-Tang joint forces. A Buddhist monk Dochim and the former Baekje generalBuyeo Boksin rose to try to revive Baekje. They welcomed the Baekje prince BuyeoPung back from Japan to serve as king, with Juryu as their leaders. They put theTang general Liu Renyuan under classing in Sabi. Emperor Gaozong sent the generaLiu Rengui, who had previously been downgraded to commoner rank for offending LiYifu, with a relief force, and Liu Rengui and Liu Renyuan were able to fight off theBaekje resistance forces' attacks, but they themselves were not strong enough tostop the rebellion, and so for some time the armies were in deadlock.

Baekje requested Japanese aid, and King Pung returned to Baekje with a party of5,000 soldiers. Before the ships from Japan arrived, his forces battled a body ofTang forces in Ungjin County.

In 663, Baekje revival forces and a Japanese naval fleet summoned in southernBaekje to confront the Shilla forces in the Battle of Baekgang. The Tang dynastyalso sent 7,000 soldiers and 170 ships. After five naval conflicts that took place inAugust 663 at Baekgang, considered the lower reaches of Geum River or Dongjinriver, the Shilla Tang forces emerged victorious, and Buyeo Pung escaped toKoguryo.

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dongjin_river&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geum_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geum_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dongjin_river&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Renguihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabi_%28Korea%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Gaozong_of_Tanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buyeo_Punghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buyeo_Boksinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uija_of_Baekjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buyeo_Yunghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sillahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hwangsanbeolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dongjin_river&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dongjin_river&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dongjin_river&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dongjin_river&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geum_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geum_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Baekganghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Baekganghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Renguihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Renguihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Gaozong_of_Tanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Gaozong_of_Tanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabi_%28Korea%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabi_%28Korea%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buyeo_Punghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buyeo_Punghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buyeo_Punghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buyeo_Punghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buyeo_Boksinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buyeo_Boksinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dochim&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dochim&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buyeo_Yunghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buyeo_Yunghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uija_of_Baekjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uija_of_Baekjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uija_of_Baekjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uija_of_Baekjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sillahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sillahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hwangsanbeolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hwangsanbeolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyebaekhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyebaekhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tang_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tang_Dynasty


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Language andCultureBaekje was established byimmigrants from Koguryowho spoke what could be aBuyeo language, aspeculative group linkingthe languages of Gojoseon,Buyeo, Koguryo, and

Baekje. In a case ofdiglossia, the nativeSamhan people, havingmigrated in an earlierwave from the sameregion, probably spoke avariation or dialect of thesame language.

Baekje artists adoptedmany Chinese influencesand synthesized them intoa unique artistictradition. Buddhism has astrong effect on Baekjeartwork. The beatificBaekje smile found onmany Buddhist sculptures

expresses the typicalwarmth of Baekje art.Taoist influences are alsowidespread. Chineseartisans were sent to thekingdom by the LiangDynasty in 541, and thismay have given rise to anincreased Chineseinfluence in the Sabiperiod.

The tomb of King Muryeong(501523), althoughmodeled on Chinese bricktombs and yielding someimported Chinese objects,also contained manyfunerary objects of theBaekje tradition, such asthe gold crown ornaments,gold belts, and goldearrings. Mortuarypractices also followed theunique tradition of Baekje.This tomb is seen as arepresentative tomb of theUngjin period.

Delicate lotus designs ofthe roof-tiles, complexbrick patterns, curves ofthe pottery style, andflowing and elegantepitaph writingcharacterized Baekjeculture. The Buddhistsculptures and refinedpagodas reflect religion-inspired creativity. Asplendid gilt-bronzeincense burner excavatedfrom an ancient Buddhisttemple site at NeungsanrBuyeo County, exemplifiesBaekje art.

Little is known of Baekjemusic, but local musicianswere sent with tribute

missions to China in the7th century, indicatingthat a distinctive musicatradition had developed bythat time.

\

Straight Neck Pot

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baekje_smilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samhanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diglossiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buyeo_%28state%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goguryeohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gojoseonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buyeo_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ungjinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liang_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neungsan-ri&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilt-bronze_Incense_Burner_of_Baekjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilt-bronze_Incense_Burner_of_Baekjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilt-bronze_Incense_Burner_of_Baekjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagodahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buyeo_Countyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buyeo_Countyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neungsan-ri&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neungsan-ri&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilt-bronze_Incense_Burner_of_Baekjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilt-bronze_Incense_Burner_of_Baekjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilt-bronze_Incense_Burner_of_Baekjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilt-bronze_Incense_Burner_of_Baekjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagodahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagodahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ungjinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ungjinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_girdle_of_Koreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_girdle_of_Koreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_of_Baekjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_of_Baekjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomb_of_King_Muryeonghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomb_of_King_Muryeonghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liang_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liang_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liang_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liang_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baekje_smilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baekje_smilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samhanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samhanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diglossiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diglossiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goguryeohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goguryeohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buyeo_%28state%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buyeo_%28state%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gojoseonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gojoseonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buyeo_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buyeo_language


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Ungjin period

In the 5th century, Baekjeretreated under thesouthward military threat ofKoguryo, and in 475, the Seoulregion fell to Koguryo.Baekje's capital was locatedat Ungjin (present-dayGongju) from 475 to 538.

Remoted in mountainous land,the new capital was secureagainst the north but alsodisconnected from the outsideworld. It was closer to Shillathan Wiryeseong had been,

and a military alliance wasforged between Shilla andBaekje against Koguryo.

Most maps of the ThreeKingdoms period show Baekjeoccupying the Chungcheongand Jeolla provinces, the coreof the country in the Ungjinand Sabi periods, although atsome points in time, Baekje

controlled territory in Chinathat ringed theBohai Sea.

Sabi period

In 538, King Seong moved the capital to Sabi(present day Buyeo County), and rebuilt hiskingdom into a strong state. From this time, theofficial name of the country was Nambuyeo("South Buyeo"), a reference to Buyeo to whichBaekje traced its origins. The Sabi Periodwitnessed the flowering of Baekje culture,alongside the growth of Buddhism.

Under pressure from Koguryo to the north and

Shilla to the east, Seong sought to strengthenBaekje's relationship with China. The location ofSabi, on the passable Geum River, made contactwith China much easier, and both trade anddiscussion flourished during the 6th and 7thcenturies.

In the 7th century, with the growing influence ofShilla in the southern and central Koreanpeninsula, Baekje began its decline.

BaekjeUngjinperiodkingdom

tomb

Gilt-bronze Incense

Burner of Baekje

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Expansion

Korea in 375, was thegreatest territoryexpansion of Baekje.During the reign of KingGoi (234286), Baekjebecame a full-fledgedkingdom, as it continuedconsolidating the Mahan

confederacy. In 249,according to the ancientJapanese textNihonshoki, Baekje'sexpansion reached theGaya confederacy to itseast, around the NakdongRiver valley. Baekje isfirst described in Chineserecords as a kingdom in345. The firstambassadorial missionsfrom Baekje reachedJapan around 367(According to the NihonShoki: 247).King Geunchogo (346375) expanded Baekje's

territory to the norththrough war againstKoguryo, while conqueringthe remaining Mahansocieties in the south.During King Geunchogo'sreign, the territories ofBaekje included most ofthe western Korean

Peninsula (except the

two Pyeonganprovinces), and in 371,Baekje defeated Koguryoat Pyongyang. Baekjecontinued physical tradewith Koguryo, andactively adopted Chineseculture and technology.Buddhismbecame theofficial religion in 384.

Baekje also became asea power and continuedreciprocal goodwillrelationships with theJapanese rulers of theKofun period,transmittingcontinental cultural

influences to Japan.Chinese writing system,Buddhism, advancedpottery, ceremonialburial, and otherfeatures of culture wereintroduced by royals,craftsworker, scholars,and monks throughouttheir relationship.

During this period, theHan River basinremained the heartlandof the country.

Relations withChina

Ambassador ofBaekje in ChinaIn 372, KingGeunchogo praisedthe Jin Dynasty ofChina, located in thevalley of the

Yangtze River. Afterthe fall of Jin andthe establishment ofSong Dynasty in420, Baekje sentambassadorsseeking culturalgoods andtechnologies.

Baekje sent an

ambassador toNorthern Wei ofNorthern Dynastiesfor the first time in472, and King Gaeroasked for militaryaid to attackKoguryo. KingsMuryeong and Seongsent envoys to Liang

several times andreceived titles ofnobility.

The tomb of KingMuryeong is builtwith bricksaccording withLiang's tomb style.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Peninsulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goguryeohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geunchogo_of_Baekjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geunchogo_of_Baekjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakdong_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaya_confederacyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goi_of_Baekjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_River_%28Korea%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_River_%28Korea%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_written_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakdong_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofun_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goguryeohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geunchogo_of_Baekjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakdong_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaya_confederacyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihonshokihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liang_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liang_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seong_of_Baekjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seong_of_Baekjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muryeong_of_Baekjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muryeong_of_Baekjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goguryeohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goguryeohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaero_of_Baekjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaero_of_Baekjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Weihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Weihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Song_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Song_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangtze_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangtze_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%ACn_Dynasty_%28265-420%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%ACn_Dynasty_%28265-420%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geunchogo_of_Baekjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geunchogo_of_Baekjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geunchogo_of_Baekjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geunchogo_of_Baekjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_River_%28Korea%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_River_%28Korea%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_written_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_written_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofun_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofun_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyongyanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyongyanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyeonganhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyeonganhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Peninsulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Peninsulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Peninsulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Peninsulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goguryeohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goguryeohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geunchogo_of_Baekjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geunchogo_of_Baekjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakdong_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakdong_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakdong_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakdong_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaya_confederacyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaya_confederacyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihonshokihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihonshokihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goi_of_Baekjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goi_of_Baekjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goi_of_Baekjehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goi_of_Baekje


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The

King Geunchogo(346~375)

baekjes goldenage king

King Chimryu(384~385) KingGaero King Munju

MajorKingsofBaekje

A)ConqueredMahanB)AttackedKoguryo

A) Brought inBuddhism inBaekje

A) Koguryo tookthe Han Riverfrom Baekjewhen KingGaero wasruling

A)Moved capitalfrom Wui Rae Sung(Seoul) to Woongji(Gong Ju)B)Made an alliance

with shilla andattacked Koguryo

King Geunchogo King Chimryu King Gaero King Munju



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Shilla



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Vocabulary

Nominal: (adj) (of a role or status)existing in name only

Dominance: (noun) power andinfluence over others

Excavate: (verb) make (a hole orchannel) by

Abolished: (verb) formally put anend to (a system, practice, orinstitution




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SEC 3

S

HILL

AThe Establishment of Shilla KingdomBefore Shilla was established, there was a countrynamed Seo ra bul in the place where Shilla was. In Seora bul, there were six villages. In each village, therewere village chiefs and there was a meeting calledHwa-baek meeting. It was when village chiefsgathered together and discussed the problems andsuggested solutions. One day, they decided that sincethere was no king, the citizens didnt know the lawand the country was a mess. The village chiefs wentup into a mountain and found a well. There was a whitebeautiful horse that was standing by the well thatflew up in the sky when the village chiefs appeared. Atthe place where the horse was standing, there was abig white egg. A healthy looking and glowing baby boycame out of the egg. The 6 village chiefs named himPark Hyuk Gu Sae and made him the king. He set thecapital as Kyung Joo. He was born in B.C. 57.

Seo ra bul Shilla



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\

Downfall and

Succession

of Shilla

The finalcentury and ahalf of theShilla statewas one ofconstantdisruption and

civil war as theking wasreduced tolittle more thana nominalleader andpowerful royalfamilies rose to

actualdominanceoutside thecapital androyal court.

At the end ofthis period,called the LaterThree Kingdoms

period, brieflysaw theemergence ofthe kingdoms ofLater Baekjaeand LaterKoguryo, whichwere made of

military forcesfinancing ontheirrespectiveregion'shistoricbackground,and Shilla'syielding to the

Goryeodynasty.

Shillas Gol Pum RankingSystem

Sung Gol - Both of the parentshave to be of royal bloodJin Gol - One of the parents is anoble and the other is a royal.6 Du Pum- The highest among thepeople who are in a low class

among the nobles.5,4 Du Pum- The lowest among thepeople who are in a low classamong the nobles.3, 2, 1 Du Pum- A powerlesscommoner.

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The Story of Bup Heung King and Lee ChaDon and Buddhism.King Bup Heung wanted to bring Buddhism intohis country, Shilla. However, the nobles

thought that if the citizens have a religion torely on, they would stop relying on the nobles,which would make the nobles lose their power.So they refused to have Buddhism as theircountrys official religion. When King BupHeung was wondering how he would bringBuddhism, a guy named Lee Cha Don came upto him. He told the king that if the king killshim and white blood comes out, than thecitizens will believe in Buddhism. When LeeCha Dons neck got cut publicly, white bloodcame out.

Danyang Jukseong Gravestone and 4Sunsu Gravestone) Danyang Jukseong Gravestone is a

gravestone placed in North Choong Chungprovince, Danyang County. In this tomb,

there are were many generals of Shilla thatcontributed to Shillas Golden age.

2) Sunsu Gravestone was built with thepurpose of marking the place they conquered.There is Changnyung Sunsu Gravestone(Changnyung, Kyung Nam), Buk Han San SunsuGravestone (Seoul), Hwang Cho Ryeong SunsuGravestone(Ham Ju, Ham Nam), and Ma UnRyeong Sunsu Gravestone (Ewon, Ham Nam).

Buk Han San Sunsu Gravestone

Danyang Jukseong Gravestone



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Shillas CultureTomb/Tower/ChumSung dae/Drawing/Painting

ChunmachongChunmachong is Shillas 22nd JijeungKings tomb. Its circumference is 47m,

the height is 12.7m. It was excavate in973. It is the 155th national treasure.Keum Kwan ChongKeum Kwan Chong is Shillas goldencrown. It was excavated in 1921. Itscircumference 50m and the height is3m.Bun Hwang Sa Towert was built in 634 when Sun Duk Queen

was the ruler. It is the thirtiethnational treasure.Keumdongmireukbosalbangasayusangn 1962, it was designated as the 83rd

national treasure. Its height is 93.5cm.There is a small round crown.

Chumsung DaeChumsung Dae is the oldest

astronomical observatory existing inAsia. In 1962, it was added as thethirty-first national treasure.

Shillas twenty-seventh king, SunduQueen built it. It was very useful inShilla when studying astronomy.Scholars viewed Chumsung Dae as atower that used the principles of mathand astronomy. Sunduk Queen decidedthat the citizens needed a place toobserve the sky to know the weatherbecause at that time, many peoplefarmed.1) 27 layers symbolize Sunduk Queen,

because she was the twenty-seventking of Shilla.

2) 27 layer+1layer at the top=28layers. : the number 28 symbolizesthe basic constellation

3) 28 layers+1 layer at the bottom=29

layers : there are 20 days in onemonth in the lunar calendar4) 12 layers above window : there are 12

months in one year5) 12 layers below window (top

+bottom=24 layers) : 12+12=24 laye(24 seasonal datum)

6) Chumsungdae was made of 362rocks. : there are 362 days in one

year in the lunar calendar.

Chumsung Dae

Keumdongmireukbosalbangas

ayusang



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Shillas Unificationof the Three

Kingdoms

Baekjes King Euija had avery dissipated life. Also inKoguryo, Yeongesomunssons were fighting overpower. There was a disorderin both Baekje and Koguryo.Taking advantage of it,Shilla made an alliance withthe Tang and made Baekjeand Koguryo fall. In Shilla,there were many wise peoplewho contributed, such as KimChun Chu, Kim Yu Sin, andKing Mun Ju. With them andTangs military forcecombined, making thedisordered Koguryo andBaekje was not a problem.

\

Shillas Unification



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The Political Institution of the Three Kingdoms



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KingNul Ji

(417~458)

KingJi Jeung

(500~514)

KingBup Heung(514~540)

KingJin Heung(540~576)

Sun DukQueen

The

MajorKings

ofShilla

A) Made analliance withBaekje andput Koguryounder their

control.

A) ConqueredUl ReungIsland,abolished thesystem where

the familyand theservants hadto be buriedalive whensomeone(nobles) died.He startedthe systemwhere people

farmed withcows.

A) Brought inthe religionBuddhismwith the helpof Lee Cha

Don.

A) He broughtthe Golden Ageof Shilla. Hisplan was toconquer theHan River. Atthat time, thecountry withthe Han Riverhad the mostpower. HeexpandedShillas land.He alsoconquered KaYa, a small,

weak countrythat was nextto Shilla.

A) The firstqueen inShillashistory.

King Nul Ji King Bug Heung King Jin Heung Sun Duk QueenKing Ji Jeung



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Fun Fun Activity!Three Kingdoms ofKorea Word Puzzle

Koguryo

_________conquered the states of

Eastern Okjeo and centralized thekingdoms by five clans into five

provinces.

_________ established an education

agency called Tae-hak.

The great King Gwanggaeto broughtthe Golden Age of Koguryo and

conquered the ________ and enlargedthe territory by _________.

_________moved the capital fromKugne to Pyong Yang.

Baekje

_________brought in the thegolden age of Baekje.

King Munju made an alliance with_________and attacked Koguryo.

King Sung moved the capital from

Woongjin to _________.

Shilla

There was a classing system called the_________.

_________ brought in Buddhism.

_________helped King Bup Heong bringBuddhism.

King Bup Heong conquered _________.

_________ conquered the Han River.



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