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Three-dimensional echocardiography in the clinical world. Prof. JL Zamorano Director CV institute University Clinic SC, Madrid. Advantages of 3D. ... additional advantages ?. B. A. How do you prefer to see a mitral prolapse?. Your preference. B. A. Modes of 3D-Echocardiography. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Three-dimensional echocardiography in the clinical world
Prof. JL ZamoranoProf. JL Zamorano
Director CV instituteDirector CV institute
University Clinic SC, MadridUniversity Clinic SC, Madrid
Advantages of 3D.... additional advantages ?.
A B
How do you prefer to see a mitral prolapse?
Your preference
A B
Modes of 3D-Echocardiography.
Full volume.Full volume.Cropping: every orientation of the planes is possible
Advantages of 3D.Spatial manipulation.
Optimal alineation of structures.Views and planes impossible to get in 2D.
Single acquisition, multiple information.Easy approach to complex problems.Volumes calculation.
No geometrical assumption (Right ventricle).Precision MRI, (but faster and cheaper).
J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43: 2091–6
Evaluation of Mitral valve area
MVA estimated byMVA estimated by::
2D Echo :2D Echo : PHTPHT
PlanimetryPlanimetry
PISAPISA
3D3D
GorlinGorlin
ConclusionsConclusions::
3D RT is very accurate in assessing MVA3D RT is very accurate in assessing MVA
3D RT showed better agreement.3D RT showed better agreement.
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
AVERAGE of Gorlin and RT3D
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
-1.5
Go
rlin
- R
T3D
Mean
0.08
-1.96 SD
-0.44
+1.96 SD
0.60
MV pre – post MVP
Conclusion: Conclusion: 3D RT better correlation with 3D RT better correlation with
Gorlin, after MVPGorlin, after MVP
Mitral Valve. Mitral stenosis.
Mitral valve. Mitral stenosis.
Anatomy of leaflets, comissures, subvalvular apparatus.
Planimetry of oriffice: superior to 2D.
Guide for balloon valvulotomy.
Score.
Oriffice post-valvuloplastia.
Complications.
3D: Best diagnostic tool for structural mitral evaluation.
Mitral valve. Mitral regurgitation.
Circulation, March 2003
Mechanism of Mi regurgitation
Mitral valve. Mitral regurgitation.
Volumes quantification.
3D colour doppler quantification: promising perspectives.
Mechanism of Mi regurgitation.
Lateral MR jets.Lateral MR jets.
Real Time 3D. New perspective
3D MVP.
3D Protocol: 4 steps3D Protocol: 4 steps 1) P short axis + cutting planes1) P short axis + cutting planes
A3A3
P3P3
A3A3
P3P3
A2A2
P2P2
A2A2
P2P2
A1A1
P1P1
A1A1
P1P1
3D MV Prolapse
3D Protocol: 4 steps3D Protocol: 4 steps 1) P Shurt axis guided cutting planes1) P Shurt axis guided cutting planes 2) Apical + guided planes2) Apical + guided planes 3) Full volume 3) Full volume 4) 3D color. MI. 4) 3D color. MI.
Agreement 3D vs TEE
p< 0,0001p< 0,0001
P2P2 k = 1
A2A2 k = 0.820
P3P3 k = 0.934 P1P1 k = 0.876
A1A1 k = 0.858A3A3 k = 0.821
P2P2P2P2
A1-P1A1-P1A1-P1A1-P1
A3-P3A3-P3A3-P3A3-P3
1.- 100% P22.- False negative (anterolateral region)3.- False positive (inferomedial region)
Volumes. 2D echo ?? 2D: Simpson
Problems: ¿Optimal alignement ? Geometric asumptions
Problems: ¿Optimal alignement ? Geometric asumptions
3D:3D: Volumes calculation Volumes calculation3D:3D: Volumes calculation Volumes calculation
Quantification of left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction using freehand transthoracic three-dimensional echocardiography: comparison with magnetic resonance imaging.
Mannaerts HF, Van Der Heide JA, Kamp O, Papavassiliu T, Marcus JT, Beek A, Van Rossum AC, Twisk J, Visser CA. JASE 2003
Quantification of left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction using freehand transthoracic three-dimensional echocardiography: comparison with magnetic resonance imaging.
Mannaerts HF, Van Der Heide JA, Kamp O, Papavassiliu T, Marcus JT, Beek A, Van Rossum AC, Twisk J, Visser CA. JASE 2003
3D 3D underestimatunderestimateses volumes volumes
3D 3D underestimatunderestimateses volumes volumes
3D. Volumes
2D: Simpson biplane 3D (FV):
2 planes 4 planes 8 planes
CMR: Simpson
RT3D: Semiautomated border detection
Improved semiautomated quantification of LV volumes and EF using 3D echocardiography with a full matrix-array transducer: comparison with magnetic resonance imaging.
Caiani EG, Corsi C, Zamorano JL, Sugeng L, MacEneaney P, Weinert L, Battani R, Gutiérrez-Chico JL, Koch R, Pérez de Isla L, Mor-Avi V, Lang RM. JASE 2005 Aug
Improved semiautomated quantification of LV volumes and EF using 3D echocardiography with a full matrix-array transducer: comparison with magnetic resonance imaging.
Caiani EG, Corsi C, Zamorano JL, Sugeng L, MacEneaney P, Weinert L, Battani R, Gutiérrez-Chico JL, Koch R, Pérez de Isla L, Mor-Avi V, Lang RM. JASE 2005 Aug
Volúmenes 3DVolúmenes 3D
Volumes calculation – Slice view
Direct comparison with gold standard
Volumes calculation – Slice view
Direct comparison with gold standard
Aortic area with RT 3D echo ?
Aortic stenosis: Continuity equation
Cumulative error in several parametersDepending on good parasternal & apical acoustic windows
AAo = π ( )2DTSVI IVTTSVI
2 IVTAo
TSVITSVITSVITSVI
IVT TSVIIVT TSVI IVT TSVIIVT TSVI
Aortic stenosis: Continuity equation
Cumulative error in several parametersDepending on good parasternal & apical acoustic windows
AAo = π ( )2DTSVI IVTTSVI
2 IVTAo
TSVITSVITSVITSVI
IVT TSVIIVT TSVI IVT TSVIIVT TSVI
STROKE VOLUMESTROKE VOLUMESTROKE VOLUMESTROKE VOLUME
Aortic stenosis: Continuity equation
Cumulative error in several parametersDepending on good parasternal & apical acoustic windows
AAo =SV
IVTAo
TSVITSVITSVITSVI
IVT TSVIIVT TSVI IVT TSVIIVT TSVI
STROKE VOLUMESTROKE VOLUMESTROKE VOLUMESTROKE VOLUME
Aortic area: RT3D-Doppler hybrid approach
Aortic area:Invasive:
GorlinHakki
Echo:Continuity equationVolumetric SimpsonRT 3D
Correlation (linear association): Pearson rAbsolute agreement:
ICCa (Intraclass correlation coefficient – absolute)Lin’s coefficient
Aortic area with RT3D: Results
Limitations of 3D.
Quantification off-line ??.Time-consuming.
Full-volume mode: breath-hold. Image definition does not improve respect to 2D.Lower frame-rate.
Conclusions
3D is the best imaging for Mitral valve.3D is the best imaging for Mitral valve.New approach to mitral anatomy and mitral prolapse.3D planimetry: Best non-invasive methode for Mi stenosis.Mechanism of Mi regurgitation.Best option for complex problems, MVP, surgical repair..
3D colour Doppler: promising perspectives for 3D colour Doppler: promising perspectives for quantification of valvular regurgitations.quantification of valvular regurgitations.
Volume estimation… similar to MRIVolume estimation… similar to MRI
3 is the number !
ExécutifLégislatifJudiciaire
3D !!!