Threats to World Peace

Kellogg-Briand Pact

• Agreement to make war illegal• Signed by more than 60

nations• First challenged by Japan

Japanese Aggression

• Japan takes control of Manchuria (Chinese province)• League of Nations does not

take actions• Japan withdraws from League

of Nations

Japanese Aggression

• 1937 – Japan captures Beijing• 1939 – Japan has control of ¼ of China, including all seaports

Italy in Ethiopia

• Benito Mussolini – dictator of Italy• Believed expansion would

help Italy’s economy• 1935: Italy takes over

Ethiopia

Italy in Ethiopia• League of Nations takes no

action• Most countries are occupied

w/ their own economic issues• Great Britain and U.S. are

afraid to bring about another world war.

Spanish Civil War

• Second Spanish Republic–Freedom of religion, separation of church and state

Spanish Civil War

–Education controlled by gov’t–Gov’t took land from the Catholic Church and gave it to the peasants

Spanish Civil War

• Falange – fascist party–Led by Francisco Franco

Spanish Civil War

• Nationalists (supporters of the Falange) controlled northern Spain• Loyalists (supporters of the

republic) controlled southern Spain)

Spanish Civil War

• Falange received lots of assistance from Germany and Italy (saw as a threat to France and Great Britain)• International Brigades –

antifascist volunteers (US, GB, France, USSR)

Spanish Civil War

• 1939 – Nationalists defeat the Loyalists• Franco makes Spain’s gov’t look like Italy’s

New Spanish Gov’t

• Ended all free elections and civil rights• Army, landowners, and Catholic Church all held political positions