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1. Relies on Airmanship / Judgement - Experience? 2. Cognitive Process – Difficult to Demonstrate in the Air 3. Procedure Based Threat Management Generally Well Taught Pre-Flight Brief; 1. Weather 2. Notams 3. Aircraft State 4. Personal Fatigue, Currency Human Factors / Airmanship 1. Lookout, Listenout 2. Wires, Birds 3. Engine Failure Considerations On the Ground Instructing to Manage Threats Post Flight Brief Very Important!
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Threat and Error Management
In Helicopters
Inherently unstable
Low level environment
Time factor - slim margin for error and intervention
Instructing in Helicopters
1. Relies on Airmanship / Judgement - Experience?
2. Cognitive Process – Difficult to Demonstrate in the Air
3. Procedure Based Threat Management Generally Well Taught
Pre-Flight Brief;
1. Weather
2. Notams
3. Aircraft State
4. Personal Fatigue, Currency
Human Factors / Airmanship
1. Lookout, Listenout 2. Wires, Birds 3. Engine Failure Considerations
On the Ground
Instructing to Manage Threats
Post Flight Brief Very Important!
Hierarchy of Intervention;
1. Prompt “Airspace”
2. Question “Where is the HN CTR Boundary?”
3. Direct “Turn left 90 degrees”
4. Physical “I have control”
Errors will occur – its how we deal with them
Instructing to Manage Errors
Use the lowest level
commensurate with safety
In The Air
Errors will occur – its how we deal with them
Instructing to Manage Errors
It is almost always appropriate to take control to debrief. Remember how overloaded the student can be with just
flying the aircraft.
“The Student is there to Fly.....
......No. They are there to Learn”Blah, Blah, Blah, Blah, Blah, Blah,
Blah.......
We tend to focus on initial actions for critical emergencies
e.g. Autorotations, tail rotor emergencies in the circuit.
Try and teach subsequent actions and management of non critical
emergencies
Be aware the way you train emergencies may lead
the student down the wrong path in the real situation
Emergency TrainingDealing with Undesired Aircraft States
Any Questions?