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Thought Process …

To Co-ensiling Forage and

ByproductsProperly

Representing Purdue UniversityABE: Dennis Buckmaster

ANSC: Patrick Gunn, Scott Lake, Ron Lemenager, Shawn Donkin, Matt Claeys, Tamilee Nennich, Nicole SchmelzAGRY: Lori Snyder, Ricardo Paulo

Co-ensiled products for Wet DGS

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Outline

� Why� Terminology� Considerations� Examples� Our research methods

URL to get this presentation

WHY

Improve utilization (quantity and efficiency) of DGS by:

� Making long-term storage/delivery stability feasible in small and medium cattle feeding operations

� Enable utilization of other “marginal” feedstocks

� Capitalize on the moisture and chemical attributes of the DGS

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TERMINOLOGY

� DGS� Wet� Modified wet� Dry

� Co-ensiling� Re-co-ensiling

CONSIDERATIONS

� .� .� .� .� .� .

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CONSIDERATIONS

� Moisture� Density� Target nutrient profile� Particle size distribution (mixing)� Costs & benefits� 2 & 3 component blends

Forage Moisture Continuum

12% 20% 30% 40% 70%

Safe

for

hay

Apply

preservative

or dry

in-barn

Suitable for silage

Bunker

Tower

Baled

Silage

FIRE

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Basics of Silage Making

Oxygen consumed by respiration

Sugars used

Heat generated

Basics of Silage Making

Oxygen supply is depleted

Acid-producing bacteria begin growth

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Basics of Silage Making

No oxygen (anaerobic)

Bacteria produce acid, reducing pH

Bacteria die off after pH drops

Basics of Silage Making

pH is lowered

Microbial population is dead

Anaerobic conditions remain

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Fermentation (anaerobic process)

(sugar) + (bacteria) ���� (acid) + (carbon dioxide)+ (ammonia) + (hydrogen)

DGS profile (in round numbers)

� Moisture� Dry 10%� Modified wet 50% +/-� Wet 65% +/-

� CP 30%� NDF 40%� ADF 15%� Fat 10%

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D M Moisture DM Moisture DM Moisture DM Moisture DM Moisture

Ratio Interpolation Scale

Interpolate between vertical lines for blends of other proportions

Example line: 50% moisture distillers grain blended with 80% moisture grassa. 50:50 blend will be 65% moisture, 35% DM and is suitable for any silage structureb. 75(distillers):25(other) blend will be 57.5% moisture, 42.5% DM, too dry for a bunkerc. 25(distillers):75(other) blend will be 72.5% moisture, 27.5% DM, too wet for good silaged. 2:3 ratio blend will be about 67% moisture, 23% DM, upper end of bunker moisture range

80% --- 20%

90% --- 10%

25:75 blend50:50 blend75:25 blend

Other feedstuffDistillers Grain

20% --- 80%

30% --- 70%

40% --- 60%

20% --- 80%

30% --- 70%

40% --- 60%

50% --- 50%

60% --- 40%

70% --- 30%

90% --- 10%

20% --- 80%

30% --- 70%

40% --- 60%

50% --- 50%

60% --- 40%

70% --- 30%

80% --- 20%

50% --- 50%

60% --- 40%

70% --- 30%

80% --- 20% 80% --- 20%

90% --- 10%

70% --- 30%

80% --- 20%

90% --- 10%

20% --- 80%

30% --- 70%

40% --- 60%

50% --- 50%

60% --- 40%

1:3 1:1 3:1

90% --- 10%

20% --- 80%

30% --- 70%

40% --- 60%

50% --- 50%

60% --- 40%

70% --- 30%

Bunker recommendation

Tower & Bag recommendation

a

b

c

d

1:13:1 1:3

1:22:12:3

4:15:1 3:2 1:5

1:4

EXAMPLE 1

� Corn stalks� Modified wet distiller’s grains with solubles

� Moisture

� Nutrient profile� Crude Protein� Energy

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Direct-cut Grass

EXAMPLE 2

� Direct-cut grass� Modified wet distiller’s grains with solubles

� Moisture

� Nutrient profile� Crude protein� Energy� Rumen degradable protein

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EXAMPLE 3

� Direct-cut grass� Dried distiller’s grains with solubles

� Moisture

� Nutrient profile� Crude protein� Energy� Rumen degradable protein

EXAMPLE 4 … your “assignment”

� Corn stalks� Modified wet distiller’s grains with solubles� Soyhulls� Glycerol (liquid, but no water)

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Our Research Methods

� Lab Scale Silos� Hand packed� Light vacuum� Triple bag seal

� Ribbon mixer� 60 to 65% moisture� Varied proportions

Methods

� Farm Scale silos� TMR mixer� Bagged silage� Later used in nutrition

studies� Control (forage alone)

treatments also ensiled

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Methods

� Aerobic Stability� Insulated boxes� Datalogged

thermocouple readings

� Time to reach 2oC rise

Determining Ratios

� Moisture� Proportions� Calculations

Re-Co-ensiling Recipe HelperTIPS

INPUTS

Mo moisture of other feedstuff 0.645 decimal from sample dataMmdg moisture of modified wet distillers grain 0.51 decimal from sample dataMw moisture of water 1.00 decimal from sample dataWo weight of other feedstuff to use 375.0 lb set or use solver to determineWmdg weight of modified wet distillers grains to use 125.0 lb set or use solver to determineWw weight of water to use 0.0 lb set or use solver to determinetf target fraction of distillers grain in the blend (wet basis) 0.75 decimal user choicetm target moisture content of the blend 0.645 decimal user choicetb target batch size 500 lb user choice

INTERMEDIATE & OUTPUTWdmdg DM of distillers grain 61.3 lb DM =Wmdg*(1-Mmdg)Wdmo DM of other feedstuff 133.1 lb DM =Wo*(1-Mo)Wdmt DM total 194.4 lb DM =Wdmdg+WdmoWt total weight 500.0 lb =Wo+Wmdg+WwDMb DM concentration of the blend 0.39 decimal =Wdmt/WtMb Moisture content of the blend 0.611 decimal =1-DMbfdgdb fraction of DM from distillers grains 0.32 decimal =Wdmdg/Wdmtfdgwb fraction of wet weight from distillers grains 0.25 decimal =(Wmdg)/Wtbse batch size error 0.0 lb =tb-Wt

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Qualitative Observations

CONSIDERATIONS in REVIEW

� Moisture� Density� Target nutrient profile� Particle size distribution (mixing)� Costs & benefits� 2 & 3 component blends

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Thank you for your interest and attention.

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