Thomas Jefferson“Man of the People”

“The Apostle of Democracy”

Junlan Lu, Bhargav Vemulapalli, Sushil Bhandaru, Evan O’mara

Background Information

● Born April 13th, 1743 in Shadwell Plantation, Goochland County, Virginia

● His father was a planter and Jefferson followed

● Died July 4th, 1826 in near Charlottesville, Virginia

Background Information (cont.)

● Became a lawyer after attending the College of William and Mary

● Wrote “Summary View of the Rights of British America”, led him to be seen as a man of great abilities

● Wrote the Declaration of Independence

Background Information (cont.)

● Served as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates

● Served as Sec. of State under G. Washington and VP under John Adams

Jefferson’s (R) Election Victories

1800

• Candidates: T. Jefferson(R) and A. Burr(R) vs J. Adams(F) and T. Pinckney(F)

• Key Issue of Campaign: National Unity between conflicted parties

1804

• Candidates: Thomas Jefferson(R) vs Charles Pinckney(F)

• Key issue of Campaign: Mudslinging between parties and new territorial acquisitions

Election Results

1800 1804

Key:Blue=RepublicanOrange=Federalist

Domestic Affairs (1st term)

Wanted wise and frugal government that respected authority of states, and cut its

debts

● Cut size of Army and Navy to around 2500 troops and 7 ships

● Pressured Congress to repeal Alien + Sedition Acts

● Abolished internal tax except duties and land sales

● Drastic spending cuts across government

Domestic Affairs (1st term)

Wanted to change Federalist Ruled Courts

● Repealed Judiciary Act of 1801

● Urged Congress to impeach obstructive judges

● Basis of judicial evaluation of congressional and executive actions on constitutionality established by Marbury vs. Madison case

Foreign Affairs (1st Term)

Barbary War (North Africa)

● Barbary Pirates demanded tribute payments from American merchants in the Mediterranean Sea

● 1801: demanded end to bribe payments → sent U.S. Navy ships and marines

● Ended up paying $60,000 to the pirates

Foreign Affairs (1st Term)

Native American Presence

● Laid out a plan for the forceful extermination and removal of many tribes

● Set the basis for Indian Removal Act

● Contributed to a trend of deteriorating Native American relationships

Foreign Affairs (1st Term)

Napoleon and the Louisiana Purchase

● Napoleon, due to lack of resources, realized he could not secure American Empire

● Proposed plan to sell Louisiana, America buys for $15 million

● France got commercial rights in New Orleans and French residents received equal rights

Evaluation of the First Term

Successful • Reduced debt by half which allowed

for less taxes

• LP led to US doubling in size which made more land available for sale

• Asserted dominance over Natives and got more land

• Repeal of Judiciary Act 1801 eliminated many Federalist judges

• First successful overseas venture

Unsuccessful• Reduction of army and navy made it

harder to defend from foreign threats

• Had to pay humiliating $60,000 ransom to Barbary pirates

Domestic Affair (2nd term)

Constitutionality of the Louisiana Purchase

● Uncertainty if the US had authority to accept bargain

● Constitution said nothing about buying new land

● Believed that treaty making power under the Constitution justified purchase

● Republican Congress approved treaty and appropriated money to implement provisions

Domestic Affairs (2nd Term)

Dealing with the Uncharted Territory

● Before the purchase, expedition was organized to investigate trade prospects with Indians

● Led by Lewis and Clark with help from Sacajawea starting from St. Louis up Missouri

● Pike led alternate expedition into upper Mississippi Valley

Foreign Affairs (2nd Term)

Slave Trade

● Slave trade eligible to be ended in 1808

● Jefferson advocated for the abolition of slavery but he believed that would lead to a race war

● On March 2nd, 1807, signed the Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves

Foreign Affairs (2nd Term)

British and French Intervention on the Seas● British stopping U.S. ships + reenlisting expatriate

soldiers in Royal Navy

● British warship ‘Leopard’ fires on ship ‘Chesapeake’, and kills three

● Napoleon’s Continental System → France seized Britain-bound ships

● Embargo Act signed into law: Banned all foreign trade

Foreign Affairs (2nd Term)

Burr Conspiracy

● Former VP Aaron Burr suspected of planning to create an independent nation with the Louisiana Territory, Texas, Mexico, and Southwest

● Jefferson ordered Burr and his followers to be arrested

● Acquitted due to lack of evidence but with a destroyed political career

Evaluation of the Second Term

Successful• Supreme Court ruled

Lousiana Purchase constitutional

• Expeditions returned with elaborate records of geography and Indian civilization

• Signed Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves into law

Unsuccessful

• Trade embargo ruined U.S. economy, led to War of 1812

• Burr Conspiracy challenged legitimacy of the weak federal government with large, uncontrolled territory

●“Honesty is the first chapter in the book of wisdom.”●-Thomas Jefferson

Works Cited

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