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May 2020
3FLOW Copyright © 2020 1
Copyright © 2020
919-319-4290www.3flow.com
A Primer to Improve Airflow in
Labs and Critical Workspaces – Module 2
Copyright © 2020
– President/CEO, 3Flow (formerly Exposure Control Technologies, Inc.)
– BSME (NCSU), MSEE – Industrial Hygiene (UNC-CH)
– Chair, AIHA/ANSI Z9 Ventilation Standards for Safety and Health
– Chair, ASHRAE TC 9.10 – Laboratory Systems
– Vice Chair, ASHRAE/ANSI 110 – Method of Testing Fume Hoods
– Board of Directors – International Institute for Sustainable Labs
– NCSU Mechanical/Aerospace Engineering Alumni Hall of Fame
– 50+ Professional Papers and Presentations
Thomas C. Smith
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3FLOW Copyright © 2020 2
Copyright © 2020
Improve Safety, Minimize Waste and Facilitate
Success in Critical Workplace Environments
Formerly Exposure Control Technologies, Inc. (ECT, Inc.)
Copyright © 2020
Universities
Government
PharmaceuticalChemical
Biotechnology Industry
Safe, Efficient, Sustainable
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Copyright © 2020
The right flow in the right place at
the right time!™
Copyright © 2020
Learning Objectives • Understand how fume hoods and airflow controls operate to
protect people and how to test performance.
• Learn about available references and resources to help optimize performance.
• Understand how airborne hazards are generated and how airflow systems are used to protect people from exposure.
• Learn to evaluate design and operation of airflow systems.
• Learn to optimize airflow system performance to improve safety and reduce energy consumption.
• Learn how a lab ventilation management plan can be used to better maintain system performance.
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Copyright © 2020
There are Five Learning Modules
Performance of Fume Hoods and Airflow Systems1
Latest Guidelines and Standards 2
Airborne Hazards and Ventilation Effectiveness3
Testing Fume Hoods and Airflow Controls4
Implementing an Airflow Management Program5
Copyright © 2020
Module 2 - Don’t Reinvent the WheelStandards, Guidelines and References
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Copyright © 2020
Module 2 - Topics for Discussion
• Brief Review
• Ventilation Standards and References
• OSHA 1910.1450 Lab Standard (Law)
• AIHA Z9.5 Lab Ventilation Standard
• Lab Ventilation Design Guides
• Fume Hood Test Methods
• Smart Labs Toolkit
Copyright © 2020
• Chemical Labs
• Biology Labs (BSL 2-4)
• Radiological Labs
• Nanotechnology Labs
• Teaching Labs
• Maker Spaces
• Clean Rooms
• Vivarium and Procedure Rooms
Different types of labs have different design and
operating requirements
Risk + Functional Requirements = Demand for Ventilation
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Copyright © 2020
Airflow Systems Include Many Components
DAQ
DAQ
AHU(s)
SPECAV1 EVAV2 EVAV4 EVAV5 EVAV6
SVAV1 SVAV2 SVAV3 SVAV4
LFH3
Total Flow
Total Flow
RM 204
SP
45
VFD%
Ex.
Fan(s)
45
VFD% OABD%
BAS
VFD%
45 ∆T
Boiler
Chiller & Cooling
Tower
ER Coil
ER Pumps ER Coil
DCV
Sensors
dP°T °T°T
SVAV2
EVAV3
RM 201 RM 202B RM 203RM 202A
DCV
LFH2LFH1
Gex Gex
OCC
Mechanical Systems
Airflow Control
Lab Environment and ECDSLabs and ECDs
Airflow Controls
System Components
Copyright © 2020
10
0
SPEVAV1SVAV1
Total Flow
RM 201
SP
Ex.
Fan(s)
45
VFD% OABD%VFD%
45
AHU(s)
Total Flow
45
VFD%
EVAV2
10
0
EVAV3
dP
°T
Many factors can affect performance
Hood Design and Configuration Lab Design and Airflow Patterns
Airflow Control
Exhaust DischargeRe-entrainment and Air Quality
Work Practices
These factors can affect safety, energy
efficiency and sustainability
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Copyright © 2020
OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1450 Occupational Exposure
To Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories
• Requires a Chemical Hygiene Plan
• Fume Hoods are the primary means of protecting people working with chemicals.
• Requires facilities to ensure proper functioning of fume hoods and ventilation systems
• Requires proper testing and maintenance of fume hoods and other protective equipment.
Copyright © 2020
Appropriate specifications are required for
safe and energy efficient labs
• Exposure Control Devices
– Construction
– Performance Criteria and Operating Specifications
• Monitors and VAV Controls– Type, Accuracy and Operating Modes
• Laboratory Design and Operation– Airflow Device Type and Location
– Temperature & Humidity Control
• Ventilation Design and Operation– Duct Velocity and Leak Integrity
– Recirculation & Energy Recovery
– Stack Discharge
• TAB, Commissioning and Routine Tests – Lab Hood Tests
– Lab Environment Tests
– System Operating Mode Tests
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Copyright © 2020
Ventilation Standards and References
• ANSI/AIHA/ASSE Z9 Ventilation Standards for Safety and Health
• ACGIH Industrial Ventilation Manual
• ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines
• SEFA Guidelines
• PWGSC MD15128, EN14175
• NEBB, NIH, EPA, others
• Z 9.1 - Open Surface Tanks
• Z 9.2 - Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Systems
• Z 9.3 - Spray Finishing Operations
• Z 9.4 - Abrasive Blasting Operations
• Z 9.5 - Laboratory Ventilation• Z 9.6 - Grinding, Buffing and Polishing
• Z 9.7 - Recirculation of Air from Industrial Exhaust Systems
• Z 9.8 - HVAC O&M• Z 9.9 - Portable Ventilation Systems
• Z 9.10 – Design of Dilution Ventilation Systems • Z 9.11 - Laboratory Decommissioning
• Z 9.12 - Combustible Dust
• Z 9.14 - BSL-3 Labs
Copyright © 2020
Companion standards and guidelines help establish
design specifications for safety and efficiency
ASHRAE –Classification of Lab Ventilation Design Levels
ASHRAE – Methods of Testing Performance of Fume Hoods
SEFA – Guidelines for Fume Hoods and Selection of ECDs
PWGSC –Ventilation Standards and Guidelines
ASHRAE – Lab Design Guide
❑ AIHA – LHSC – Risk Assessment for Airborne Hazards in Labs
AIHA – American National Standard for Lab Ventilation
In Progress
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Copyright © 2020
The Standard of Care is based on the 2012 ANSI/AIHA
Z9.5 Standard for Laboratory Ventilation
• Best Practices
• Specifications for New and Renovated Laboratories
• Requires:
– Hazard Evaluation and Risk Assessment
– Laboratory Ventilation Management Plan
– ASHRAE 110 Fume Hood Tests
Copyright © 2020
Poll 1 Does your facility have a lab ventilation
management plan?
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Copyright © 2020
ANSI/AIHA Z9.5-2012
American National
Standard for Laboratory
Ventilation
Lab Ventilation Management Plan
Fume Hoods & ECDS
Commissioning and Routine Tests
Maintenance and Routine Tests
Ventilation System Design
Copyright © 2020
Lab Ventilation Management Plan (LVMP)
• Required By ANSI Z9.5-2012
• Promote Safe Labs
• Operate Efficiently
• Manage Change
• Manage Risk
• Protect ROI
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Copyright © 2020
Laboratory Hood Test Methods
• ANSI/ASHRAE 110 - 2016
• PWGSC MD 15128
• EN 14175
• EPA
• NIH
• NEBB
• Others
Copyright © 2020
ANSI/ASHRAE 110 – 2016
Method of Testing Performance of
Laboratory Fume Hoods
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Copyright © 2020
Method to Test Fume Hood Performance
Determine Operating Conditions
• Hood and Lab Inspection
• Face Velocity Measurements
• Cross Draft Velocity Tests
• VAV Response and Stability
• Flow Visualization Smoke Tests
• Tracer Gas Containment Tests
Determine Performance (Containment )
Tracer Gas
Ejector
Mannequin
FaceVelocityProbe
Tracer Gas
Detector
Cross Draft Probe
Computer&
DAQ
ANSI/ASHRAE 110 “Method of Testing Performance of Laboratory Fume Hoods”
As Manufactured
• Factory Acceptance Test
• Fume Hood Design
• Performance Envelope
As Installed
• Following Installation
• Following Modifications
• Impact of Lab Environment
As Used
• Impact of Experimental Apparatus
• Based on risk and discretion of EH&S
Copyright © 2020
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Laboratory Fume Hood Performance Requirements
Table of Contents
• Design Specifications
• Inspection and Test Procedures
• Performance Test Criteria
• Forms
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Copyright © 2020
Laboratory
Hood Test
Process
1. Inspect Fume Hood System
2. Lab Environment Tests
3. Equipment Setup
4. Cross Draft Velocity
5. Face Velocity
6. VAV Response Tests
7. Airflow Visualization
8. Tracer Gas Containment Tests
Copyright © 2020
Fume Hood Tests and Frequency
Laboratory Fume Hood Performance Test Procedures AM Tests AI/AU Tests Routine
Inspections
Hood inspection X X X
Laboratory inspection X X X
Exhaust system inspection X N/A N/A
Operating Conditions Tests
Lab Environment Tests: Lab dP, Room Temp, etc. X X X
Cross-draft velocity tests X X X
Face velocity test X X X
Hood monitor X (1) X X
Exhaust flow and hood static pressure X TAB N/A
Auxiliary air velocity tests X X X
Dynamic VAV response and stability tests X (1) X X
Containment Performance Tests
Airflow visualization tests (smoke) X X X
Tracer gas containment test (static mannequin) X X N/A
Sash movement effect test X X N/A
Hood Loading X N/A (1) N/A
Other Dynamic Challenges (Thermal, Walk-By Challenge, Room Pressurization, etc.)
X N/A (1) N/A
Notes: 1 – If applicable
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Copyright © 2020
SEFA 1 – 2010 Laboratory Fume Hoods
Table of Contents
• Laboratory Fume Hoods
• Family of Lab Safety Devices
• Fume Hood Components
• Fume Hood Types
• Fume Hood Tests
• Influence of Lab Environment
• Safe Work Practices
• Responsibilities for Performance
• Lab Ventilation Systems
• Other Ventilated Lab Safety Devices
Copyright © 2020
SEFA – Guide to Selection and
Management of ECDs in Labs
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Exposure Control Devices (ECDs)
Type of ECDsFume Hoods
Biological Safety Cabinets
Ventilated Balance Enclosures
Snorkel – Spot Exhaust
Ventilated Enclosures
Ventilated Storage Cabinet
Ventilated Glovebox
Canopy Hood?
Copyright © 2020
Know the Operating Limits
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Copyright © 2020
Types and Application of Exposure Control Devices
Hazard: ChemicalEffluent: Gas, Vapor, Mist, FumeQuantity: Small - LargeGeneration Rate: Low - HighProtection: Personal
Hazard: Biological, ChemicalEffluent: Particulate, Gas, VaporQuantity: SmallGeneration Rate: LowProtection: Personal, Product
Copyright © 2020
Ventilated Safety Enclosures
Other Devices
Glovebox / Isolators
Ventilated Balance Enclosure – Not Ducted
Ventilated Equipment Enclosure
Class III Glove Box – Positive Pressure
Ventilated Balance Enclosure – Ducted
Class III Glove Box – Negative Pressure
Necropsy Work Station
Ductless Fume Hoods
Spot Exhaust (Snorkel)
Ventilated Cylinder Cabinet
Pathology Stations
Canopy Hood
Hazard: Biological, ChemicalEffluent: ParticulateQuantity: SmallGeneration Rate: LowProtection: Personal
Hazard: Biological, ChemicalEffluent: Particulate, Gas, VaporQuantity: SmallGeneration Rate: LowProtection: Personal
Hazard: Biological, Chemical, RadioactiveEffluent: Particulate, Gas, VaporQuantity: SmallGeneration Rate: Very LowProtection: Product
Hazard: Biological, Chemical, RadioactiveEffluent: Particulate, Gas, VaporQuantity: Small Generation Rate: Very LowProtection: Personal, Product
Hazard: ChemicalEffluent: Particulate, Gas, VaporQuantity: Small Generation Rate: Very LowProtection: Personal
Hazard: Filter Specific ChemicalsEffluent: Particulate, Gas, VaporQuantity: Small Generation Rate: Very LowProtection: Personal
Hazard: NegligibleEffluent: Gas, VaporQuantity: Small to Large Generation Rate: Low to MediumProtection: Not Recommended
Types and Application of Exposure Control Devices
Hazard: Biological, ChemicalEffluent: ParticulateQuantity: SmallGeneration Rate: LowProtection: Personal
Hazard: NegligibleEffluent: Gas, VaporQuantity: Small to Large Generation Rate: Low to MediumProtection: Not Recommended
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Copyright © 2020
SEFA - Risk Matrix for ECDs
Copyright © 2020
SEFA - Risk Matrix for ECDs
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Copyright © 2020
SEFA - Risk Matrix for ECDs
Copyright © 2020
European Standard EN 14175 –
DIN Fume Cupboards
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Copyright © 2020
PWGSC Standards – Lab Design, Fume Hoods
and Ventilation Optimization
Copyright © 2020
ASHRAE – Classification of Lab Ventilation
Design Levels
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Copyright © 2020
The design and operation of a
airflow control system defines
the potential level of protection
DAQ
DAQ
AHU(s)
SPECAV1 EVAV2 EVAV4 EVAV5 EVAV6
SVAV1 SVAV2 SVAV3 SVAV4
LFH3
Total Flow
Total Flow
RM 204
SP
45
VFD%
Ex.
Fan(s)
45
VFD% OABD%
BAS
VFD%
45 ∆T
Boiler
Chiller & Cooling
Tower
ER Coil
ER Pumps ER Coil
S
DCV
Sensors
3
5
6
dP°T °T°T
SVAV2
EVAV3
RM 201 RM 202B RM 203RM 202A
DCV
S
LFH2LFH1
Gex Gex
1
2
OCC
4
11
10
12
14 13
15
8
9
182
3
7
9
168
17
No.Component /
Feature
1 Redundant N+1, exhaust fans
2 Energy Recovery System
3 Flow Monitors and System Sensors
4 Building Automation System (BAS)
5Contaminant Sensing Demand
Ventilation Control
6Air handling Unit supplying 100%
outside air to labs
7 Occupancy Sensors
8 Temperature Sensor
9 Air supply controls and diffusers
10 Demand Control Ventilation (DCV)
11Anteroom with Critical Room Pressure
Monitoring and Controls
12 Airborne Contaminant Filtration System
13 Exposure Control Devices
14 Variable Air Volume Fume Hood
15 VAV Exhaust Flow Controller
16 Constant Air Volume Fume Hood
17 CAV Exhaust Flow Controller
18 Exhaust Stack
Copyright © 2020
ASHRAE produced a guide to help classify labs
based on their level of protective capability
Airborne Hazard Risk
Negligible
Extreme
Protective Capability
Lab Ventilation
Design Level
LVDL-4
LVDL-3
LVDL-2
LVDL-1
LVDL-0
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Copyright © 2020
The Lab Ventilation Design Levels (LVDLs) describe
the physical attributes and operating parameters
that provide levels of protection
LVDL-0• Limited Isolation• No Exposure Control Devices• No Filtration or Redundancy• Low Airflow and Possible Recirculation
LVDL-4• Physical isolation and pressure control• Fume Hoods and Special ECDs• Filtration, Redundancy, Backup• Effective Ventilation and High Airflow
Copyright © 2020
LVDLs are intended to provide increasing levels of
protection to accommodate different levels of risk
LVDL General Characteristics Type of Lab or Application
LVDL-4
• Quantities of Hazardous Materials – Very Large • Potential for Airborne Generation - Very High• Hazard severity – Extreme• Construction and Operating Cost - Extreme
• Chemical Development and Synthesis• Special High Hazard Research Labs • Potent Compounds • Chemical Warfare Agents
LVDL-3
• Quantities of Hazardous Materials –Large • Potential for Airborne Generation - High• Hazard severity - High • Construction and Operating Cost – Very High
• Inorganic/Organic Synthesis Labs• Typical Research Labs
LVDL-2
• Quantities of Hazardous Materials – Moderate • Potential for Airborne Generation – Low• Hazard severity – Low to Moderate• Construction and Operating Cost - High
• Upper level undergraduate research labs• Biochemistry Labs• Academic Teaching Labs
LVDL-1
• Quantities of Hazardous Materials - Small • Potential for Airborne Generation – Negligible • Hazard severity - Low (Consumer Chemicals)• Construction and Operating Cost - Moderate
• Secondary school Teaching Labs• Shop Areas with hazardous chemicals • Quality Control Labs• Biology Labs with limited volatile materials
LVDL-0
• Quantities of Hazardous Materials - Negligible • Potential for Airborne Generation -Negligible • Control strategy – Dilution ventilation only• Construction and Operating Cost - Low
• Computer and Instrumentation laboratories• Temperature controlled rooms• Negligible Airborne Contaminants
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Copyright © 2020
°TdP
The demand for ventilation is a function of risk, use
of the lab and functional needs of the occupants
• Types of Activities, • Airborne Hazards and Processes• Occupancy and Utilization• Work Practices
Airborne Hazards
Copyright © 2020
Laboratory Scale Processes and Applications
Risk Spectrum
Negligible ExtremeLow HighModerate Very High
• Severity of Exposure • Exposure Control Levels • Quantity of Materials• Potential for Generation• Concentration Profile
Airborne Hazard Emission Scenario
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Copyright © 2020
The protective capability of the space is a function
of design attributes, configuration and operation
Isolation
dP dPDCV
Filtration
Protective Capability• Type of Exposure Control Devices• Quality and Quantity of Airflow• Sensors, Controls and Monitoring
Protection
Copyright © 2020
Is the protective capability of the system sufficient
to mitigate the risk of exposure ?
Risk
Negligible
Extreme
Low
Moderate
Very High
Protective Capability
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Copyright © 2020
Is the protective capability of the system sufficient
to mitigate the risk of exposure ?
Negligible
Extreme
Low
Moderate
Very High
Protective CapabilityRisk
Safety Margin or
Opportunity
Copyright © 2020
Negligible
Extreme
Low
High
Moderate
Very High
Risk is mitigated by lab design attributes, operating
specifications and work practices
Protection:Exposure Control
Device
Protection:Lab Design and Operation (ACH)
Glove BoxIsolator
Fume Hood
BSC
Ventilated Enclosure
Canopy
Snorkel
10 ACH
8 ACH
6 ACH
2 ACH
4 ACH
12 ACH
Airborne HazardExposure
Risk Spectrum
Risk Level
N/A
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Copyright © 2020
The protective capability of the systems shall
exceed the demand for ventilation
Demand for Ventilation• Airborne Hazards (Risk)• Conditioning• Utilization
Protective Capability• Design• Configuration• Operation
≥
Filtration
Copyright © 2020
Increased Risk and Higher Design Levels incur
greater costs and more effort
Airborne Hazard Risk
Negligible
Extreme
Protective Capability
Lab Ventilation
Design Level
LVDL-4
LVDL-3
LVDL-2
LVDL-1
LVDL-0
Cost $Stakeholder Effort - hrs
> $1000 ft2
< $200 ft2
Very High
Low
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Copyright © 2020
Smart Labs Provides Guidelines and Resources
Copyright © 2020
Organizations can improve safety, reduce risk and
provide workplaces that better facilitate success.
• Attract & retain top talent
• Ensure safety
• Minimize waste
• Improve sustainability
• Maximize resilience
• Accommodate change
• Mitigate risk
• Enhance return on investment
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Copyright © 2020
• Effective─ Support research and development
─ Flexible to change
• Safe― Protect people from exposure
― Compliance with standards
• Efficient ─ Minimum energy consumption
─ Minimum operating costs
• Sustainable─ Minimum carbon footprint
─ Maintainable
─ Demonstrable Return on Investment
Goal: High Performance Laboratories
UCI Smart Lab
Copyright © 2020
Resources are on the I2SL Website
Smart Labs Toolkit
http://smartlabs.i2sl.org/
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Copyright © 2020
Poll 2
Is your facility engaged in renovating and
upgrading systems to reduce energy
consumption?
Copyright © 2020
Smart Labs™ provides a roadmap to success
IssuesGoals
Plan
Assess
Optimize
Manage
SafeEfficient
Sustainable
• Safety• Energy Efficiency• Lab Conditions• Operating Costs• Deferred Maintenance• Reliability
Smart Lab
Qualitative Scoping Study
Quantitative Performance
Audit
Construction/Renovation
Performance Management
Plan
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Copyright © 2020
A guide is available to help implement Smart Labs
I. Strategic Planning
II. Team and Responsibilities
III. Systems Theory
IV. Implementation
A. Phase 1A - Plan
B. Phase 1B - Assess
C. Phase 2 – Optimize
D. Phase 3 - Manage
V. Lifecycle Management Program
Copyright © 2020
Success requires a combination of efforts
• Design and Mechanical Attributes
− High performance fume hoods
− Variable Air Volume Systems
− High efficiency mechanical systems
− Building information and control systems
• Management and Leadership
− Occupant Information and Floor Plans
− Ventilation Safety Demand Assessment
− System Diagrams and Airflow Specifications
− Airflow Management Program (AMP)
− LVMP Manager / Coordinator Lab Ventilation Management Plan
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Copyright © 2020
Coordination of stakeholders is the key to achieving
sustainable, high performance, Smart Labs
Environmental Health & Safety
Management Engineering
Maintenance
Leadership, Coordination and Collaboration
Research
● Common Objectives ● Realistic Goals ● Teamwork
Space Planning
Purchasing
Copyright © 2020
Smart Labs™ Optimization Process
1•Planning and Assessment
2•Systems Optimization
3•Performance Management
Plan
Assess
Optimize
Sustain
A replicable and scalable process that combines services and products to
achieve safe, energy efficient and sustainable laboratories.
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Copyright © 2020
The phases and tasks are implemented sequentially
Construction/RenovationDesign / Assessment Performance ManagementContractsPlan
Management of
Change(MOC)
Contract
Construction
Renovation
& System
Upgrades
Project
Contracts TAB
&
CX
M&V
Benchmark
Performance Stakeholder
Review
Engineering
&
Specifications
LVMP
Maintenance
&
Monitoring
LVRA
Trigger
Points
Lab
Ventilation
Management
Plan
&
Training
Periodic
Smart Labs
Reports
Timeline
Lab
Ventilation
Risk
Assessment
(LVRA)
PIMs,
ECMs,
&
Energy
Model
Project
SOW &
Budget
Feasibility
Analysis
&
Funding
System
Operating
Tests
Lab &
Hood
Tests
Lab Safety
& Energy
Profile
(RELSA)
Funding
&
Contracts
Assess
HVAC &
Controls
Assess
Exhaust
and Air
Supply
Establish
Performance
& Operating
Specs
Phase 2Optimize
Phase 1A and 1BPlan and Assess
Phase 3Manage
Copyright © 2020
Maximum benefits are realized by strategic
implementation in one or more buildings
3-6 Months 3-18 Months 6-12 Months
1 - 3 years
6-10 years
1A - Plan
1B - Assess
1A 1B 2 3Multi-BuildingScoping Study
Lab Building 1 Demand Assessment
Building 1Optimization
Project
Smart Labs Lifecycle Management & Maintenance Program
Building 2Phase 2
Optimization Project
Building 3Phase 2
Optimization Project
Building 4Phase 2
Optimization Project
Building 5Phase 2
Optimization Project
Smart Labs™
Phase 1 - Level II Assessment Project
Smart Labs™
Phase 1 - Level II Assessment Project
Smart Labs™
Phase 1 - Level II Assessment Project
Smart Labs™
Phase 1 - Level II Assessment Project
Lab Building 2 Demand Assessment
Lab Building 3 Demand Assessment
Lab Building 4 Demand Assessment
Lab Building 5 Demand Assessment
Building 2Optimization
Project
Building 3Optimization
Project
Building 4Optimization
Project
Building 5Optimization
Project
Prioritize and Select Building
2 - Optimize
3 - Manage
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Copyright © 2020
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency - RTP
• Flagship Research Facility – 6 Buildings, Occupied 2003
• 1,042,600 gross square feet (GSF)
• 2003 Energy Consumption ≈ 565,100 BTU / GSF / Year
• Approximate Energy Cost ≈ $6,780,000 / year
Bldg. A – Lab
Bldg. B - Lab
Bldg. C - Admin
Bldg. D - Lab
Bldg. E - Lab
High Bay Lab
Goal: Safe Labs with >30% Sustainable Energy Reduction
Copyright © 2020
A coordinated series of efforts were implemented to
upgrade and renovate the systems
• Improved accuracy and precision of VAV controls
• Upgraded fume hoods to reduce exhaust flow
• Optimized airflow control terminals
• Installed energy recovery units
• Cleaned and upgraded AHUs
• Reduced system static pressures
• Improved system sensitivity
• Implemented a Lab Ventilation Management Program
VAV Terminal
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Copyright © 2020
The airflow control systems were optimized to
meet the demand for ventilation
Copyright © 2020
Environmental Protection Agency - RTP - Success
• Optimized Lab and Office Buildings on Main RTP Campus
• Strategic execution with coordinated efforts and budgets
Bldg. A – Lab
Bldg. B - Lab
Bldg. C - Admin
Bldg. D - Lab
Bldg. E - Lab
High Bay Lab
Demand Based Optimization (i.e. Smart Labs™)
• Energy Reduction ≈ 48%
• Estimated Cost Reduction ≈ $3,236,000 per year
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Copyright © 2020
Roadmap to High Performance Labs
Building Design & Operating Documents
LVRA Phase 1B
Assessment
Phase 2Optimization
Phase 3Management
Airflow & Operating
Specifications
Systems Operation Tests
Energy & Operating Cost
Analysis
Engineering & Specifications
Implement Performance Improvement
Measures
Implement Performance
Management Plan
Maintenance & Functional Tests
BAS Performance Monitoring
Change Management
LVMP Team Coordination
Lab Building Inventory
Phase 1APlan
Lab Condition Status
Lab Building Condition Profile
Project Optimization
Priority For
Phase 1B
PerformanceStatus
Reports
Lab Safety Surveys
BenchmarkOperation
TAB and Commission (CX)
Building Performance
Management Plan (PMP)
for Phase 3
Qualitative Scoping Study
Copyright © 2020
Tasks included in the Qualitative Scoping Study1A-A 1A-B 1A-C 1A-D Deliverable
LVMP Team Coordination
Lab Building Inventory
Phase 1A Plan
Lab Condition Status
Lab Building Condition Profile
Project Optimization
Priority For
Phase 1BEnergy & Cost Metrics
Key Performance
Indicators
Number & Type of Labs and
Support Spaces
Fume Hood and ECD Inventory
Qualitative Scoping Study
• 1A-A Assemble Team of Stakeholders for LVMP
• 1A-B Inventory and Survey Lab Buildings
• 1A-C Assess Condition of Labs and Determine Key Performance Indicators
• 1A-D Appraise and Profile Lab Buildings
• Deliverable: Select lab buildings and prioritize projects
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Copyright © 2020
Smart Labs Toolkit – Resources Organized by Phase
Phase 1B – Building AssessmentQuantitative Performance Audit
Phase 2 – OptimizationPerformance Upgrade Project
Phase 3 – Performance Management Phase 1A – Plan
Qualitative Scoping Study
PIMs & ProjectScope of Work
Lab Ventilation Management Plan (LVMP)
Building Operators Manual
Phase
Tasks
Deliverable
Result
Building(s) Profile & Project Priority
Tools&
Links
Smart Labs Site Strategic Plan
Building(s) Status Assessment
P1A-1
Building Airflow Assessment
LVRASystems
Evaluation
Smart Labs Building Optimization Project
Building Project Management
EngineeringEquipment Upgrades
TAB & Cx
Smart Labs High Performance
Lab
Building Performance Management Plan
Test & Maintenance
TrainingBAS
Monitoring
Safe, Energy Efficient Smart Labs
Organization & Building Info
Collection
LVRA Files
Airflow Spreadsheet
Performance Improvement
Measures (PIM) Worksheet
Standards & Equipment
Specifications
M&V Benchmark
CX Test SOPs
BAS Graphics &
Trends
Roles & Task Schedules
Test and Maintenance
SOPs
Management of Change
Plan
BAS Data
Analytics
Bldg Docs
P1A-2
P1B-1 P1B-2
P1B-3
P1B-4
Building Profile & Project
Opportunities
P1B-5 P1B-6
P1B-7
P1B-8
P2-1
P2-2
P2-3
P2-4
P2-5 P3-1 P3-2 P3-3 P3-4
P3-5
P1A-3
P1A-1 - LVMP Phase 1 Building Information Spreadsheet.xlsx
P1A-3 - Smart Labs LVMP Implementation Tracking Sheet.xlsx
Copyright © 2020
Smart Labs Toolkit – Building Information
LVMP - Phase 1A - Assessment - Qualitative Scoping Data - Part 2
Building Name Building Use Year Built
Approx.
Gross Area
(GA)
(ft2)
Approx.
Number of
Occupants
Electric
(kWh)Gas (MCF)
Steam/MTHW
(MMBtu)
CHW
(MMBtu)
Water
(hgals)
Annual
Utility
Use
($)
kWh/ SF
Utility
$ /
GA (ft2)
Total Energy
Use
(MMBTU)(1)
kBTU /
GA (ft2)
Utilities
% HVAC
Utility
HVAC
$ /
GA (ft2)
HVAC
Cost
$ /
cfm
Lab Space
(ft2)
% Lab
Area
No. Chem
or Rad
Labs
No. BSL1
& BSL2
No. of
Combo
Chem/Bio
Labs
No.
BSL3 (+)
No.
Vivarium
(#rooms)
No.
Cleanrooms
(#rooms)
No.
Teaching
Labs
Building Information FY Utilities Performance Metrics Lab InformationBuilding
Profile
(A, B, C, D)
Building Info
Energy Metrics
Lab Profile Info
P1A-1 - LVMP Phase 1 Building Information Spreadsheet
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• Facility and Building Qualifying Tool
– Select & Prioritize Best Projects First
• Key Performance Indicators
– Size & Space Allocation
– Energy Use & Operating Costs
– State of the Systems
– Energy Reduction Potential
• Building Profile Report– Classification and Categorization
– Potential for Energy Reduction
– Estimated Level of Effort, Project Costs & Potential Payback
Profile and Prioritize the best opportunities
Attribute Lab Building Profile Category
• Health and State of the Systems
• Energy Reduction Potential
• Project LOE & Complexity
• Return on Investment (Payback)
Class A
Class B
Class C
Class D
Copyright © 2020
A series of building attributes can be used to characterize and profile a lab building
Profile
Class A Class B Class C Class D
Energy Reduction Potential Good Good Fair to Good N/A to Good
State of the Systems Good Fair - Good Poor - Fair Poor
Safety and Health Issues Low Low - Medium Medium - High High
Complexity of Upgrade Project Low Medium High Very High
Duration of Upgrade Project Short Medium Long Very Long
Project Payback < 3 yrs 3 - 5 yrs 5 - 10 yrs > 10 yrs
Est. % of Lab Population 10% 35% 50% 5%
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The Building Profile can be used to estimate the
Scope of Work, Cost and Payback
Building Size - ft2 Utility Cost per ft2 Energy Reduction - %
100,000 7 30%
Class
AEst. Project
Cost
Class
BEst. Project
Cost
Class
CEst. Project
Cost
Class
DEst. Project
Cost
Good Fair - Good Fair Poor
Good Good Fair to Good Difficult
Good Fair - Good Poor - Fair Poor
Low Medium High Very High
Short Medium Long Very Long
Safety and Occupant Support
Estimated Project Payback Period (yrs)
Ease of Energy Reduction
Project Complexity
Project Duration
630,000$
3
1,050,000$
5
Building Profiles and Project Cost
Profile
State of the Building Systems 2,100,000$
10
4,200,000$
20
Profile
Attribute
Copyright © 2020
Roadmap to High Performance Labs
Building Design & Operating Documents
LVRA Phase 1B
Assessment
Phase 2Optimization
Phase 3Management
Airflow & Operating
Specifications
Systems Operation Tests
Energy & Operating Cost
Analysis
Engineering & Specifications
Implement Performance Improvement
Measures
Implement Performance
Management Plan
Maintenance & Functional Tests
BAS Performance Monitoring
Change Management
LVMP Team Coordination
Lab Building Inventory
Phase 1APlan
Lab Condition Status
Lab Building Condition Profile
Project Optimization
Priority For
Phase 1B
PerformanceStatus
Reports
Lab Safety Surveys
BenchmarkOperation
TAB and Commission (CX)
Building Performance
Management Plan (PMP)
for Phase 3
Quantitative Performance Audit
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Tasks included in Quantitative Assessment
Building Design & Operating Documents
LVRA
Lab Floor Plan
System Line Diagrams
Systems Description
Phase 1B Assessment
Control Set Points and Sequences
Airflow & Operating
SpecificationsSystem BAS
Trends
System Operating Tests
Lab EnvironmentTests
Systems Operation Tests
Fume Hood & ECD Tests
Hazard Inventory & Waste Records
Fume HoodRisk Matrix
Energy & Operating Cost
Analysis
Performance Improvement
Measures
Exhaust Stack Assessment
Scope of WorkFor Phase 2
Lab Environment Risk Matrix
System Risk Matrix
Fume Hood & ECD Flow
Lab Flow & Air Change Rates
Exhaust Flow & Stack Discharge
Air Supply Flow
1B-A 1B-B 1B-C 1B-D 1B-E
1B-F
Deliverable
Quantitative Assessment• 1B-A Assemble building design and operating documents• 1B-B Conduct Lab Ventilation Risk Assessment• 1B-C Conduct System Operating Tests to evaluate current operation• 1B-D Develop airflow specifications for each system• 1B-E Energy Model and Analysis• 1B-F Determine Performance Improvement Measures• Deliverable: Scope of Work for Phase 2 Optimization
Copyright © 2020
Stakeholder efforts are coordinated to efficiently
execute tasks with predictable results
Ve
nd
ors
&
Co
ntra
cto
rs
EH
&S
En
gin
ee
rin
g
Co
ntra
cto
r
Fa
cilitie
s
Ma
na
ge
me
nt
Co
ns
ult
an
t
(3
Flo
w)
Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10 Week 11 Week 12
Team Orientation and
Project Plan Meetings
Compile
Building
Information
Conduct Lab
and Building
Systems
Surveys
LVRA
Conduct Functional System
Tests
Lab
VEFF
Tests
Develop Demand Flow Spreadsheet
Document
Deliverables
Provide Access
And Support
Support Functional Tests
BAS Access
Maintenance
Build Energy Model Phase 1 Report
Report
Review and
Comment
Report
Review and
Comment
• Review and Approve Report
• Review and Approve PIMs and ECMS
• Authorize SOW Development
Develop and
Propose
SOW
LVMP, LVRA, VEFF
Coordination And Assistance
TAB to Assist with Functional
Tests
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
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The building systems are evaluated to determine
potential measures to optimize performance
DAQ
DAQ
AHU(s)
SPECAV1 EVAV2 EVAV4 EVAV5 EVAV6
SVAV1 SVAV2 SVAV3 SVAV4
LFH3
Total Flow
Total Flow
RM 204
SP
45
VFD%
Ex.
Fan(s)
45
VFD% OABD%
BAS
VFD%
45 ∆T
Boiler
Chiller & Cooling
Tower
ER Coil
ER Pumps ER Coil
DCV
Sensors
dP°T °T°T
SVAV2
EVAV3
RM 201 RM 202B RM 203RM 202A
DCV
LFH2LFH1
Gex Gex
OCC
Mechanical Systems
Airflow Control
Lab Environment and ECDS
Copyright © 2020
The Right Flow in the Right Place at the Right Time
• Smart Labs employs a Lab Ventilation Risk Assessment
• Determine appropriate airflow specifications for each space
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Knowing key performance indicators and operating
metrics are critical to optimizing performance
Supply
Energy
Average
Min
Max
Exhaust
$/ft2 cfm/ft2 $/cfm
Maximum savings are achieved by
optimizing airflow and system efficiency
Energy Airflow Efficiency
Demand Operation Energy
BTU/ft2
Copyright © 2020
There are many Performance Improvement Measures
(PIMs) to consider and bundle for maximum benefitSystem Renovations and ModificationsRemove/Hibernate Hood/Canopy/Snorkel
Install VAV for Fume Hoods
Modify Canopy/Snorkels - VAV Implementation
Retrofit Fume Hoods
Upgrade Air Supply Diffusers to Reduce ACH
Install Demand Control Ventilation (occupancy sensors, chemical sensors, etc.
Install VFD on Supply/Exhaust Fans
Install Energy Recovery
Manifold Fume Hood Exhaust/Consolidate Exhaust Fans
Modify Operating SpecificationsReduce Airflow (Fume Hoods, Room ACH, etc.)
Reduce System Static Pressure
Optimize exhaust discharge velocity (wind direction, etc.)
Optimize Temperature Set Points
Improve Operating EfficiencyTAB and Recommission
Repair and Recommission Terminal Boxes
Ensure Proper Operation of Energy Recovery Systems
Minimize simultaneous heating and cooling
Optimize Fan Operation
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Remove Unnecessary Hoods
Vented Cabinets
•Misapplied
• Limited to No Protection
• Large Energy Waster
12 Vented Book Cases in one lab building @ 200 cfm each = $12,000 per year
Copyright © 2020
Operating Cost $9000 per year
Remove and Hibernate Unnecessary Hoods
Canopy hoods
• Heat Removal Only
• Limited to No Protection
• Very High Airflow Rates
• Large Energy Waster
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Copyright © 2020
Optimizing Performance
Copyright © 2020
Roadmap to High Performance Labs
Building Design & Operating Documents
LVRA Phase 1B
Assessment
Phase 2Optimization
Phase 3Management
Airflow & Operating
Specifications
Systems Operation Tests
Energy & Operating Cost
Analysis
Engineering & Specifications
Implement Performance Improvement
Measures
Implement Performance
Management Plan
Maintenance & Functional Tests
BAS Performance Monitoring
Change Management
LVMP Team Coordination
Lab Building Inventory
Phase 1APlan
Lab Condition Status
Lab Building Condition Profile
Project Optimization
Priority For
Phase 1B
PerformanceStatus
Reports
Lab Safety Surveys
BenchmarkOperation
TAB and Commission (CX)
Building Performance
Management Plan (PMP)
for Phase 3
Construction/Renovation/Upgrade Project
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Phase 2 – Systems Optimization
2-A2-B
2-C 2-D
Deliverable
Phase 2Optimization
Engineering & Specifications
Implement Performance Improvement
Measures
BenchmarkOperation
TAB and Commission (CX)
Mechanical Components
Systems
Lab Environments
Fume Hoods & ECDs
BAS, Controls & Sensors
Building Performance
Management Plan (PMP)
for Phase 3
Upgrade Fume Hoods
Upgrade Airflow Sensors & Controls
Optimize Exhaust Fan Discharge
Optimize Lab ACH & Ventilation Effectiveness
Optimization
• 2-A Systems Engineering and Project Specifications
• 2-B Implement Selected Performance Improvement Measures
• 2-C TAB and Commission Systems, Labs and ECDs
• 2-D Benchmark Operation
• Building Management Plan
Copyright © 2020
Phase 2 is a series of tasks to optimize the systems
Phase 2 - Optimize
Construction/RenovationProject Execution Plan
Implement Measures
IssueContracts TAB
M&VBenchmark
Metrics
Engineering &
Specifications
BuildingManagement
Plan
CostFeasibility Analysis
Project SOW
&Budget
FundingPlan
Commission
Training
Project Management
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SPEVAV1
SVAV1
Total Flow
RM 201
SP
Ex.
Fan(s)
45
VFD% OABD%VFD%
45
AHU(s)
Total Flow
45
VFD%
EVAV2EVAV3
dP
°T
OCCDCV
10
0
New technologies can be deployed to improve
safety and reduce energy consumption
Greater than 40% flow and energy
reduction
HP Fume Hood Retrofit
Demand Control Ventilation
Optimized Fan & Stack
Discharge
High VEFF Diffusers
VAV Controls
Copyright © 2020
Energy can be reduced, but can it be
maintained?
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Copyright © 2020
Managing Performance
Copyright © 2020
Roadmap to High Performance Labs
Building Design & Operating Documents
LVRA Phase 1B
Assessment
Phase 2Optimization
Phase 3Management
Airflow & Operating
Specifications
Systems Operation Tests
Energy & Operating Cost
Analysis
Engineering & Specifications
Implement Performance Improvement
Measures
Implement Performance
Management Plan
Maintenance & Functional Tests
BAS Performance Monitoring
Change Management
LVMP Team Coordination
Lab Building Inventory
Phase 1APlan
Lab Condition Status
Lab Building Condition Profile
Project Optimization
Priority For
Phase 1B
PerformanceStatus
Reports
Lab Safety Surveys
BenchmarkOperation
TAB and Commission (CX)
Building Performance
Management Plan (PMP)
for Phase 3
Lab Ventilation Management Program
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Integrated Airflow Management Program
• Accurate Drawings / Diagrams
• Equipment Inventories and Information
• Lab Ventilation Risk Matrix
• Appropriate Flow Specifications
• Control Sequences and Parameters
• Key Performance Indicators and Metrics
- Operational Boundary Conditions
• Standard Operating Procedures
- Tests & Maintenance
- Schedules and Management of Change
• Training for Stakeholders and Staff
Copyright © 2020
The LVMP results from implementing Smart Labs
FacilitiesUtilities/Energy/Sustainability
Engineering, Design, ConstructionOperations and Maintenance
EH&SIndustrial Hygiene
Lab SafetyBiosafety
Rad Safety
Stakeholder Roles
Building Status &
Strategic Plan
RiskAnalysis
EH&SSpecifications
Engineering Systems
SpecificationsTesting and
CommissioningProcedures
System Management
and Maintenance Management
of Change Procedures
Stakeholder Training
Lab Ventilation Management
Plan(LVMP)
Ventilation Risk
Assessment
Systems Assessment
Design and Upgrade Systems
VerifySafety
Performance
Monitor Operation
Maintain Safety
Performance
Maintain Energy
Performance
Optimize
Construction/Renovation(Each Building)
Manage Safe, Efficient and Effective
(Optimized Buildings)
AssessPerformance Audit
(Each Building)
Plan Scoping Study
(Multiple Buildings)
Building Information
Site Strategic Plan
OptimizationPlan
Scope of Work
Airflow Management
Plan
ManageChange
Implementation Phases and Tasks
Stak
ehol
ders
Developed through implementation
Safe and Efficient
Operation
BenchmarkPerformance
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Smart Labs – Proven Results
• Safer Labs
• Dependable Systems
• Meet the needs of Occupants
• Compliance with Standards
• Significant Energy Reduction
> 500 Billion BTUs
• Cost Savings
> $10 Million every Year
Typical Payback 1 - 5 years
Copyright © 2020
Smart Labs: proven record of success
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Copyright © 2020
Smart Labs are Sustainable
New Discovery
Attract Talent
Experiment
Investment
Reap the Benefits
Improve Lives
Better our WorldWin The Prize
Repeat
Promote Innovation
Copyright © 2020
SMART LABS VIDEO
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Copyright © 2020
Learning Modules
Two down, Three to go
Performance of Fume Hoods and Airflow Systems1
Latest Guidelines and Standards 2
Airborne Hazards and Ventilation Effectiveness3
Testing Fume Hoods and Airflow Controls4
Implementing an Airflow Management Program5
Copyright © 2020
Questions
Thank You!
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