Thisarana - Volume 1

7/28/2019 Thisarana - Volume 1

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ry{np

~yj ~`y{ Sl |}f x. vz x[x Wx~Y~j | Yzj oMv ryvj ~vrrnY RrcYGG | n{ppn vrjp {p~[ Urn~vl x. ~`y{ Sl |}f x N, ~`y{ r Yypznn, UlK nK rhxY rp{lpf zt K Ryvp~ x. ~ly R[xp MvYl{ ~ tzN[xYfxfl p { rc n{ppn ~{p {p~[ ~{p

plpxp ~yj ~`y{ Xr{l x. W r { nKzr n Up {p~[ A nK rhxf v ~r x. Azr{z Rll ~x Yyj v np[ v lx ~y{lYy [vf v Rp v v` rN x.

Up {p~[ Rr{l vp r~ | Yzj oMvryvj {Mlvp Rp|~Y Rr rc p ppn~{p {p~ n{ppn xp [l v` v [pY[l r~nxf l {p r | Yzj oMv ryvj~x rpYK ~MmY z~ ~ Yyp RlM v ~yj~`yN ~x Yfxl n R~MmY z~ vx{p Artq { ~x Urn~ ~Yzxp v Yl Yyp ~Y.

n{ppn vxp {p~[ n, rc pppn v ~my rnxp {p~[ n R~y zv RrrM{ cx Yyp zn v rj |YxY szxYx~vf lyK Rr {~p{plx {v.

~yj ~`y{ Rlxn {Mlvpxn WY z~v ~y{l x. Wx x{ppf zv x{pp ztp v{~p{. Sl ry ~yj ~`y{z ~y{l zr WYlYf WYK Sl {p rj YMvxf ~x[xY{ T.A. ppxYYy vl n Yl[j rM{Y { ~rlYyv.

01. 08. 2012


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7/85

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ny{Y[ vyjx, Rrf R vl Nnp [p nx. U~z[p ~x p p Nnp{p {zr ~vy f S

l Yzx v {p l{p, lll{xp [l Yyv. Rrfrxcp{l { ShYhK, [y op op p [x f,Rr vl Nnp{p {p lll{xYf rl {v. RrrYz Yyp zh-y[ Rto r f Rr {p l{plll{xf rl {v. Rr[ pxYl tzryll ARYyxp v S}f p [x f, Rr {p l{plll{xf rl {v.

K RYyxf Rr Yv { rx vpr { n Rr[p{pv ~l, Rrx Yyp n Rrf v v ~ltzryll S}f p v ~l Rr K l{p {plll{xf rlvp Y Nnp v.

v~ S~zx p Nnp ~ {pp Rr Yypu{p{z rsz {|xp t{ ~vy f Xt p npp{R. Rllp v, Nnp pp Rr ~p Yyp ztp

u{p{z rsz {|x.v Rr ~p vqY ~x tzx xl YyjY vl

{x. Rr ~p K Yyp u{p{ Yvp u{p{Y n, KlyK [v ~q ~ UnyjxY [p tzv.

Rrf rx vpr { ny{Y tzv. K ny{ RrzY v tzryll [ppx. X y[ { {hlx Rr tzryll {v. nY} z~ U[p [lxtzryll {v. U~~ Rpnp Ur Rx ~vl {n[l x{Y Yyl x tzryll {v. Rrvprx r, qf R{ - { {l x tzryll{v. K ~xzzf xp Rrf X v v RyY}{, ~rx~z~ nl x tzryll {v. Rllp v ny{Rrf Slvl rxcp{l {~l{. K rxcp { {l{ {l v ny{ Rrf rxxY v n { {x.

K tzryll [pp ` lt [pp RrK Rp{ ly nNz Yzrp Yyp tzryll


8/85

7

~KrMj Yy [pp Ruz}xp pxY ~zzf{fv. K R {|xp R Yyp v ~zzY r~

v vpol{ {l vx A Rp{ ~fpY R{pp x. rp rp A ~z v R Yyp f, A ~fprtz {, ~Mj {ppf rfp [. vxf r~ K ~fpyx~xp v xlvY {p ~fp{z [J tpRn~ p{l - p{l vlYxf [z Wpp rfp [.SY { K{ ry t{f rl {x. K ry [l ppp{p zJ. [ll py K ry y p xpt{ t rxjp {p~ ~p rY| Yf R ~Y.

Rr [x, Shv Yhv, th tyx, RK rK rlrl R Y vl ujhxY [p v Rr[ Rn~ Krnnp R {x.

Rr ~p Rx Yy [p tp v {~l{Y v xKrxcpxY Rl x xp Rn~p ` Yy [l {~l{.Rrxcp ~{Y Rr Rx Yy [vf Ul~ Yypp

pl. v~ rxcp{l x x ` Yy [p tp v{~l{Y [p v Rr ly nNz WY v u{p{Y x~v.

vY n K u{p{? Rr p{l { p pl{v rxcp{l {~l{ v v Rr ~l{ r{ x xpDlp{f Rr y ~v.

~vy f Xtf K [p lMYxY R x x.~v {~l{Y v v v ` lt [vf v[ Rn~Ypl. xp{p Xtf lMY Y x. K lMYx xppvqY ryK Yf Rl tzv {. Xtf rxcp{l{~l{Y Xtp p [x f, Xt YlyK rvjxf Y{pp n? Xt A [p lp Y {pp pK A {~l{ Xt` v v r{{ xp v Xt lp v Rzz[p

ltp t{f ~Y}x Wx. Xt ~p xK {~l{Y Rzz[p tp rvjxf A {~l{ p v ~ XtfNnp R{p t{ ~zx xl x.


9/85

8

vrvjY p N rxcp{l {~l{ ~Ktpoxpl{l RYyxp Rr u{p Yyv. K {~l{ Rrf

rxcpxY ~rxY ~z~x. xp K n{ u{p{ x.K Rn~ n Rrf rY}jxYf ucp Y x.

rxcpxY ztl x Rr ~p ~lYy [p tp{~l{p, tzryll {p rxcpx p ztpf, Rrf R {pp tz{l Nnp{. tzryll{ ~rx p ztp f, R {p K NnpN rvjfv, Wv {~l{p ~r tzryll R t{ Rr ~p

lyK [l xl x. lp{p YvxYf n K {~l{ YyRr[ u{p{Y {x. K rxcp{l {~l{, Rr[vprxf Rp{ r{x xl x. K {~l{ v ~l pK,vf ~rx r~ r{pp pK v[ vprx xfr{x xl x. xp K u{pN A {~l{ ~KtpoxpRr ~p ly nNz Yyp ztpp x. Rr, Rrny{p ~Ktpoxp v{ ~z [p{Yf y ~v. Rr[ vprxf Rp{ ny{p x Yyp v Rr[

Rn~ x. K Rn~ Rr ly nNz u{p Yyp yYyppv. Wl ny{p Rr[ vprxf Rp{ v xYypp pl. W~ vf ny{pf x{Y Rll npl. Wl Rr ~p y Yy [p tp ~fpf Rp{Yfxl p ~z~p f, Rrf vl Nnp{Y rhpxYR {x.

K Rp{ ~zYp f, zYx Rr ~p rxcp{l

xx ` Yy [p tp ~x v {~lp lp YvxpRr ~p Rzz [p A Rp{ u{p Yyp t{ {f. KYv lp pv ~q t rxjp {p~ ~p Y{ap lpY ul Y ~Y. K {ap lp l-~Z-Rlv {|xp YN.

Rr ~p rxcp x x ~lp ztp v {~l{Yv l-~Z-Rlv {|xp Rzz[p ly nNz A

Rn~ v u{p{f xnvp vp~f yYy [v Rr~p Urp ~f v Yyp ztp u{p{ x.


10/85

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`f Rr ~p vqY ryK Yf tzx xll Rr~p K ly nNz ~lp ~zz RllY n, W~

p pK ty{Y n xpp x. Rr[ rxcpxf `Yy[p tp ~ v {~l{Y K [j lpp xYl{pp n x vqY ryK Yf tzv vp{ x ~l.rxcp{l {~l rvjY p {, zYx ~ v nxYl {p~ p {p, ~{yrxp p t{ Rn XrrYf R{~p x. lp zYx v np , Yhp ,np , Yhp p { t rxjp {p~~p lp zY ol{ ~ v nxY l- ~Z- Rlv

{|xp [v t t{ WY v p {y R ~Y.W~ pK, Rr ~p Rrf rxcp{l n v~ l-~Z-Rlv {|xp u{p v ~lxp, ly { ty{Y~v` {l vY p N n? ty{Y ~v` {l {ppv f v Nnp{p ~ rhpxp {l vf ~ {x.

l x x v v r{l x lv ~p { ~l[p tp xK {~l{Y, W r{lp ~ll{x Rp{

Y xp f lv ~p { [pp { Rn~ ~tyrl Nnp ~{yrxYf rl {x. l {~l{Y xu{p Yyp vp~ Tf y Yy [v ~ K lntzNnp{ Urx.

Wv ~ ty{Y R~lxY ~v` {l p ~lx~v` {l v ~lvx u{p v, Tf yv ~r r~l {x.

~lx YvY n? rxcp x x Rr ~p `Yy[p tp ~ v {~l{Y l {|xp Rr ` ~nfv r{pp pl. Wx Y{ Y, p {x. Rrtzryll {p ~rx v Sp ztpp pl. ~lxvx x. K Rn~ t rxjp {p~ {ap lpp[p Yf {y R ~Y.

Rl, YZ, Rplv xp K {ap lp x.

Nnp p q ~r v ~q Rr ~p ~lf yYy [l xll K ~Yzrp{ x. Rr ~p rxcp{l


11/85

10

x x RxYf [p ~x v {~lp Rl-YZ- Rplvxp ~lxp xYl x. ~{Y l {|xp v r{pp

p N. }jx {p p {p r{. A ~{YfRNY Rx{~YvY pl. xp K u{p y vly nNz Rr ~p ry Y xl x. W RYzYrszx {pp Nnp{p ly lx.

v[ rp v { lzx Y [x f v Nnppp pl. Wx v v vf ~{x np p r{pt{ u{p Yf ~lf y Yy ~x. v[ ny{ vyjf, v[ vprxf p r{lp t{ u{p Yf lfyYy ~x. v Yyp u{p{p ~r ztp ~l,Nnp p Wwp ~l, p Xtf rlY} x xl x.

Rrf Y np u{p{ ~q Rr n{~Y YzxY A~q {p Yy[p u{p{ p Yv. Un ~f pnf{fp lY v Wv u{p{ yl ~xv.

W~ v ~r np u{p{ vf n pxY, YzxY

{p Yf [v Rp{| x. Un ~f pnf {fply v Rr rxcpx ~q ` Yy [p tp ~xzzvRl-YZ-Rplv {|xp u{p v Xtf vl {~rxY ~z~ zx.

Wv ~ Rn ~f {l Y np u{p{ Rly ~ru{p{ rfp [pp.


12/85

11

~yj {~Y Yzrx 1971

~p~K v{l

Rr {l{p zYx l Yzp Yz R{p {p~YK{zp ~vyY ~p~vf UrYy {p Rxp xj{pRly { Yf~Y xj{ p ~p~v ~Y~ vf UrYy

{p z~p { Rt{ { x. K Rlyp~p~v { vf UrYy {p Yvp xj{ Y{ylRrY} Yyx. xj{ xp{p Yll R RrY}{~p~K {Yv x. Wl, ~p~zxY lll{xY ~lR Yy [v n WlyK r~ p {p t{ Y{yl nppYyj. p ~p~v {Yy [vf WlyK Ul~xYR{| pl.

~p~K xj{ RrY} Yyppf p ~p~vzv Yvp l{Y ~ ~{ppY n xpp ~x [vfY[l R{opx xvx xl x. v op YNyxppn p{ YzrpN xnp, p ~p~p U~~r xp{Y yx [l Yyp Rly, ~{Y YvYp ~ pp R[{Y rzY Yh~ YtzzY Uh[ ~p~K yxY [{p Rxy x x. op{l

Rp[lx ztp ~p~vY rtq vx{p ~l{Mlvpx p ~p~vp xYl { [{p Rly, Rp[lxrtq ~v bx{Y { p ~ p ~l ztp {Mlvpx~p~K r~ Yyx.

K Yyj rtq { ~lp f ~p~v p ~p~v~l R{p x unxp[ {p~YK{z K vlt{ { x. K nxYy unxp Rlyp ~p~x lll{xf ~l ~Y~ K y{ xj v Y[l ~lffl {pp. Wv y{ zt [vf xvY UrYy N pK,


13/85

12

Wx Y[l ~zzzf xv {x. W{ n rvjl{zf ~tqYy R~y v p{j WY zY}jx.

R{y nYY YzxY vzz rgYxp l ~p~vvlYy [pp RYyx ~ly Yy np ~{x Y ~yjrlx rtq xj{ RrY} p Yyp ~{Y Rl x~x p x. ztp {M}x { ~{xY {p z~pWv nK ~`y{ xj Yy [vf ylplx ~x{yc ~vx[ n UrYy ztp Rly rgY rp{lpn Yvp RYyxp Wx xj Yy [vf Ul~x

xnl{ x Rr rMmp Yyv.

~yj {~Y Yzrx 1971

~p{

rxY r { f ~p{Y r v ~{uY~nx. Wl ~p{p [pp rxcp pxYRlf ry [pp t{ RlK R{~m{z ~p{pryvMm n~ tzp f rz N. YpY[ vp~Yrhpx vl{p Rxp ~p K x{ Rlvp lp rf Rl. rn[zxY R p lp X{ np RYyxp ~p v nN}x | { ~pN

zY}jx. YpY Rvy{Yf rl { f ~pxYY[ vp~ r{p ~j [ X[ ~p{pWnyN Yyx. Y~z zzzY r[vp Rp {Yvp l{p YpY z~~ {fj f RlvpfWx ~p p ~vf t RyvjY N. YpY[M{zYvY l{ YpYf `v ~q nY{p ~pNhx Rll rv yf{. ~lY ry{p Sp vl{p

p ~p~pYv Y ~lf v ~q t f UrYyYy [pp n ~p{x. K RYyxp Rpxp rvf


14/85

13

rlYyp ~p{p ~Y~ Yyp nN}x | { ~pN~jYv p rz N.

YpY lvf R{pl Yy[v ~q Srl Yyp~p{ ~Y~ {pp zu ~l | v. YvY zuxYzK Dlp{ v [J Rl. Yr ~p{ xp{pp{pp n vxvx. ly nl z~~[p ~p{Y~{yrxY nY{p ~p rn[zxp l r{pp rvlzx uxpY lll{xY t{ p[l YY R~yf rl{ f x. X{p[ Ym z|x n YyY ~{yrxp ~Y~

vf Ul~ nyp t{ n v~zzp ~ppYf xx. K ~xzz v X l r{p ~j Rn~ ~MmYYy[v ~q rD Yyp Rxo rx. v{ppp[R~y y {p ~lY R~y vf {h uxpY t{r[p t Yz t{ RlK rY|{zp XrrN.

vZ rnv nzYy - {a apnp |lz,

vo }g {[ - nxl z z

(RlK vp}x) vj rxvY vp lt[p, {R[ t {ap R{, ~p vp ~~z {ap r{~l.(Wl) nx Rll ~j z z } x. K ~xzzv z oMv | { f x{ pyY {p t{ Xrr Yyp~Y} ~vx.

W{ oMv R|jxp ~{p ~pN R[x v

Y p x. Rppf ~p~v np Rxp ~p{ SrlYypp[ ~plpx l ~ Rr~{Y p r{pt{ ~pN z~xp rz N. Rlvp l yply~pv~ [xY vj r{p t{ x x. ~ nlz~~vY p{ nM|px {p vv ~p ~{yrx X lr{p YyY [x p[vf q v ~Y}x.X[ R~y Rpxp rp{pp. vxf l{ tYzxY Rr~ [{zp ly{ ~l r{l{ x v

~q xj R rynn x. Y~z rY pp n vxpN.


15/85

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~x z oMvxp[p ~l vn[l zNly t{y~p r K vl{p rxcpx ~v yl x. ~p x

xl {y Ryvj YvY n xpp zYxf rpvf Up{p~ ~p r v UrYy Yy[p R t{ W{R{~m rtq ~lp f lyK [l x. Yz|xp[prhpxf rl ~ppp f RlK R{~m{z ~p rYy R t{ ~qp J. v r{p ryvMmx prh ppp Y ~lf v p N. pyY oMv ~lfWYYy Rp{| Yf rlK vh x p{jllp[~p{f zYx xllY t{ rp{p ~{yrxY W Rl.zYxf [l {n[l R{{nxY Wv ~p{ l | Rl. l{ n t{y ~p{ zYx{ ~p~K v[f vfUrYy Yy[p R t{ rp.

~p~KxY ~vcxY {l K Ruz}x R Yll lvp Rxl ~v x{p v Rpp ~p~vfUl~x x xl x. W~ p{ lv[p ~{p ~xx Rpp rvf lYy [ pK ~x rhp{zfv{pp n Xv x.

~yj r~p Yzrx 1971

R[v

p U[l YK{zp xl Rx[p Rr yff ~ xYpl. oMv n|p, oMv ~YDb, oMvray Yfxl, u{pr, ~z {ry R R[Y x{z Rh{Y vf ~ShY pl. v p ~x xrl x vn {l {p~ l ~ R xj{, R rll, rv lzxuxpY Yvp xYl t{ rz Yyj. ~p~zz{l {pp[ nM|px Rrx Yyp p ~p~vtYyp rn[zxp ~Y~ {x Y~ n? lv[ ~p~vlv ~p v ~Y~ Y xl t{ p ~vf l {x


16/85

15

YvY n? ~oyj Rxxf rY} p { xvY Yf[K RrY}{ ~l{z lprl {x Y~ n? K{f

{[ {xll Y{y n?R[K rzp Yv ~Y~ v ~ ~p~zz

Ru{nx rllf xnv ~q xx ropUrYv {zp rx. A ~xzz Wzz x xll p~p~pYp xl l ~p~p K rllf yvfx. R[K YMl{y z{ r{x ~ l ~p~Klll{xp r{l{[v ~q rrx xl Yv S[pv

~q x. RjhYv ~Y~ {x p ~p~pYv RYypx{zp ~ vn{ [vf x. vv Yv nY xYy{ xlvY {p ~vcx vn {l {pp WY{pprv ~p~vYf x. vv Yv xlvY R {y rll Sp rxcp zt {l {p ~[ r{lKUrYy N. Rlvpf R[K R{| pl xp vlx R Rll n, R[vp lxf zx xl UrYyx rz

{ rppf p tp x ~x x.R[vY ~tqYv ryKry Rxxp zvf ~v vxf

l { tz{l n}x. Urp x ny{Yf R[vY~tq vf ~ ShY pl. { p{j Kvpr~ Yyj {f [K x{ R R{~mN R[vYly[v X ~l Rxx.

tjY R~ rvp npY p rvp YpYtno[K YyxY {|xp r[v {yn. ~{yYry{[l rvp R[Y rcYxY x x ~v n zYv vhYv. tno[K Yyx tno uY}{ v[ r{lK{z UrYyxp v Y xll. R[v YvY~ ~f R{| n xpp lyK [vf Sp ~p~zzztp ~ n~ tzp f rz N.

~x ~l{x ~p~v ztl{!


17/85

16

~yj R~ Yzrx 1971

q Y{n

Yll WYly vGfvY q [ R t{ r[lxll. ~KrMj pyY YpY ~xp {p Y rn[zxY ~vcx pl. [~ [z l r{ vv {p~r{. Wl pyY [~ pyY [z rtq ~l R{p

Rr~ppYvf {h pyY rtq R{p Rrx [xtz{l x. pyY [z pyY [~p ~ x RpMmxf{h pyY ~[p ~x RpMmx {Yv Wxfl N. vv q pyY |jx lp pyY Yf~{p K q Yf~ lyK [vf UrYy {ppYvp ~~ Yv n xpp Jy[l Y q Y{n xpprz N.

Y[l Yvll q l [l vf x. Rrfr~yxp UrYy zJ pK Rr~ {pp pyY YpY~vf x, xp Rr r[v x. ~ l ~cxp~Y~ R q [ r{ vK |Yx R r~yx}v Yv ~ rf p N. Wv } { pyY {h{ {pq Rx YlY Rnn v r{ Rr~ x. R~ tplY p tz ~x px. R~ xv{p v rllv npf Rll }v nM|p N pK X[ R~ Wv nM|p

n~f xvv rvxY p N. A{ n~ tzv rtqxvY ~ r{y pK Wv {a~Y Rryox rtq p{zx xll xvyc[p v x. {yp Jvf Sh xxvY {yn Yyx pK X RpYKr{f ucpx x xllYp N. ~ Rll Wx p N. q rllf vfR ~x Yr {~ pyYf Sh R ~x Yr R vx. R~/Yp R Spxxpf [ay {p ~x Ryvj ~

~l pyYf xv K tzrK{zp xl r~yxY {l{pp rv x ~fpY x Sp Jx xl x. M{zx~v f v Sp rycxf rl v rvxf YyjY p N.


18/85

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xvY lv l R pyY xfrl Yy rvjq vlYy Sp rxcp [vf Ul~{l {l pK

Ul~x rszx {|xp X q YpY ~xpRpxpf {f [vf Wx v l {p{ Rl.

q Rx vf Ul~ {l{!

~yj R~ Yzrx 1971

~xvp~ xlvY {p WYly [xY ~x pp

p{x. Ryvj [v ~{u{ Yf R vp~ ppxYl{xp[p xl [ ~x[xY rszx.al~Y xp ~l [J{p [{zf xp pvx.rv, qv, qK rvjx ~fp v {l ~vv

Rx r {p ~l{z R [ tp A{ al~Ypp pN. RyvjY ~l ~v[ WYv ~q vz {pps~~x {l ~rM|x x. yr ly[ R~ Xrx ~v[ ~rM|vp W r{p yrxp {l Rp YKrpxf rl N.Wv YKrpx UrYyx lc |YxY vl vf lN. ~l rv ~q UrYy {p Rp{lm yrx ppRuoMvx rp{x.

~rM|x ~ Urp lc |Yx ~px rnoxRoyxp n{l yrx Yy [vp Yy ~l pv lcN[x r Yyx.

z ttY rllK Yvx vxf nM|px. ztt zvf Wxf ~Ktpo R Rjx (~D WY)lnY xl x. Rjx lnK l{p ztp ~rM|x~ WYf [fp YK lp [z Wp nl lc~ z

tt l R ~xK YKxf WY { f W [ n{YvlN. vv zv vlvf YKx [ [vp Y ylv{l nl oy{p l { t{ rp.


19/85

18

Wvp v Yx r{p Spxxp ~v[ WY{p (~rM|)Ryvj{z UrYyxp vl{p lc |Yx {lm yrx

~v[ WYvp ~l pv lc N[x r {p Rxy~l[l x. ~l r vf vz {p ~rM|x ~lfRxl WY x |YxY tp Wx s~~ al~Yx pppN. Wv ~rM|x ~ f[pp lc |Yx ~rM|vp {lm yrx n ylvf rlYyp tp Wx qv.Wx ~l r vf UrYy {p WY Yf~Y tp WxNnp al~Yx pp pN.

qvf rlY lc |Yx x. Wv lc |Yxl R UDa, vov, p lll{xp p{pp YNnp, ~r Nnp, vo~m Nnp xp{. Wv Yf~Rlyp Yvp Yf~Yf Rxl ~{u{ ~v v~{ pp pN. vv [ WYK l{p ~lr K {l ~Y~ K |Yx R N. W~~Y~ K |Yx ~Zy pvxp pN. Wv ~Zy|Yx ~l r v ~ Yyx. vv ~Zy pxYRYy{zp xYl v ~r Y vo~m RYy{zp vl{pNnp{pf Rp{ ~ N. vl{p Nnp{ ~r { fzu ~Zy vlv ~vp ~l ~{u{x x. R { ~ZNnp{ p{l zt [K RrY}l [x R{ ~lN[x {v zux pp pN. Y NnpN Wxp{l p zK RrY}l [x R{ ~l N[x{v nN}x pp pN. zux nN}x ~l

Rv ~lp ~x S{l{ Rp { Ryvj{z Wzt [pp[x vlN. vx ~{p YvxY Rl. WpK RyvjY ~l~v[ ~rM| K Sp Urn{p lc |Yx xK R~YrvjxY J. ~Z YZ UrYZ {|xp tnppvv R~Y rvjx { Rh vo~m R{~m{p x.U~zpf t R~Yxf lc |Yx {v Y {|xpr[vf l x. rp{p rvjx R~Yxf lc

|Yx vlv ~r {|xp [. vo~m R~Yxf lc|Yx vlv Y ~r tvp ly lll{xp r[.


20/85

19

RyvjY ~v[ ~l WYK R{p lc [xpUrn{p ~r R~Yx ~~ x x ~lv. vv R~Yx ~l

r {p {lm yrxf WYv s~~ al~Y pppN. W~v Wxp Urn{p qv Nnp pp nY{x.Wv NnpN R ~Z ~{u{x ~ pp pN. vvYf~ lp WYK l{p ~l pv N[x ~Y~ Rl. Wv ~Y~ K |Yx ~Zy pp p{x. vlYy p {p~ { R R~Y ~~ lc |Yx ~ZyR{~mN zu pv ~Zx yq{ [K RrY}l xN[x WY { f Rvl N[xY W ~Y~ vp R~Yx{ vf l N. p v r{pp Ryvjp [lR~Yx p { {pl R~Yx. Wv R~Yx lYlc |Yxp xYl N pK Wv R~Yx [J r{p ~lf Ryvj {pp Yzp ~l R~y Yy R R~YlY lc |Yx vlYy p Ryvj.

v rz {x ~l Ryvj p ~f RpRyvjYf rp Yvx x. ~x xp WY v Ryvj ~lyly { r{p f p{p pv x. ~l WY Ryvjrvf zu nN} ~Zy px xl x. zunN} p { f Ryvj ~rM|xp zt lc |Yx{p~Yf rl p Wv R~Yx lc |Yxpv ~l r N. Wx ~rM| { Ryvjf ~v tp WvYvx r {p ~v ~lY v Ryvjp rf p rpW v r{p{ Rl. Wtp ~x yq{ [K {y

v` rp{p t rxj px zY RuFo nvp~~ xp rnx ~rGgp ~lx { ~lf znN} WY p v ~x Ryvj r{lvf l{pt. Wtp ~x xp{p p{pp z tpRyvjp Rp RyvjYf rl vf UrYy {p f Sp WY RyvjY ~l r{K R{~m{ x.


21/85

20

~yj Yzrx 1971

t r{p YK

pxY lyyK{zf t [~ R ~l{xpl X{p{pf Rxl R lll{xpf Rp{ xK~r{pYK ~vxY Rl. Wxp rf R ~{Y X{pft x. K Rly Rp { ~ ~l{xYf p, r{pYK

~ l Rl. Wl ~v ~Yf v ~v nxY vK r{pYv J x x vf ~ ShY pl. v~Yf~Y r{pv Yf~Y tv ~v ~Yf v~oyj {{.

vv tYK r{p YK R vf UrYy {pvz l{ YvY n? r{p Yv {|xp [ppplv[ ~l f[l RrY}{p WYly rvjxYf ~ry

[vf v x. tYv xp ~l f[l RrY}{p~ry [vf R~vl v. vv R| nY v RvfRrY}{Y UrYyxY Srl R t{ rp. ~lf[pp BpYK X[ t r{pYK vl vf vzl t{ vxp rz x. t{p ~v R{~m{Y v ~lR{pp rhpxY t{ rz Yyj. Yzlyp RrY}{p ~ry [vf zt R{~mN ~p~zxYlll{xY vl N.

lj{ pp ~l r {p RrY}{p[ ~v{n { p lll{xp xlvY {pp. RlRp[l {Mlvpxpf Rxl Rppl Yyj Rzz r{p RrY}{z rvjx vlY x { p x.Rlxf ~Ktpo xK ~ly nxY rtq ztp RyxWx Y [vf ~l RrY}{ r vf l N.r~ { RlxYf Rxl xvY p{l zv Y YYYp {p tp X[ tYv Wxp rz {p RlyRrY}{ ~ry [vf Sh p zK rhpx Wv ~l


22/85

21

r N. Rlxf Rxl YvY rpvf l{p xvY~lp ~v R{~m{Y v Urp RrY}{ [ xpp

vY [p x. {Mlvpxf Rxl n Rlp ~lf v{pRyvj Rppl x. A Rlp lv q x x yjxft~[pp Ryvj rtq p{l p{l tzK RrY}{, Artq ~ly R~K RrY}{, W ~{q tzK RrY}{,Wxp zx y~x uY K RrY}{; Wx ~rM|K R|{ xp RrY}{p r~Y vl{ Av ~{u{x.v~ vl{p RrY}{p Rlp ~ry [vf Yf~ Sf Yy [pp Rly ~ry [vf t { ~xzz v

rtq { vl{pp vp~Y rhpx. Ryvj UrYyxprpvY zv Wx rtq Urp RrY}{p ~KrMjK rvjxf vl {pp. RrY}l { Yyj RhvrhpxY vlvf UrYy N. Ryvjp tzryll{p ~xzz ~ry [vf r{p {pp Yzly. {Yf~Y tv ~{u{x.

rdaYv ~Krlx xp{p p{p ~rx n

Spx r~ UrYyxp Urp RrY}{p p Rh{~ry [vf ztp R{~m{ x. Wl vv r~ v~ry [vf { lpll Y{n xpp { p x. R~p rpvY ztp f p~xp prpvY vlvf Yyj vl N. p~xp rpvY ztpf ~rM|x WlyK rpvY zt p np{ Rl. WYSpxp rpv ztp vl Rl Spx WYp

{ [jpp ztp n M{z x x. WY v vGfKrpK zt RrY}{p ~ry [K R{~m{Y zJ xxpp ~v Rr~ x.

vxp rz {pp ~l{x l r {pRrY}{p ~ry [vf r{p {p{f {h tv{ t{ x. l{ n ly {p~ {p r{p ~xzz lv - Yv - ~{u{x. Wtp WY R{~m{Y xvY tlll{xY Ryvj Yf R{ RrY}{ ~ry [vfR{| UrYv x Wxf Srl {p R{~mN lvvzp RrY} Y ~{yrx lll{x W r{x


23/85

22

p x. y Y {p~ J pK Wxp n~{pp lv[ RrY}{ ~ry [vf t v.

l{l R { RrY}{p xK UrYvxp ~ry [ll pv Wv ~KrMjl{x ~YzY p N. Ry R{| {f Wxf RyxY [p Wv RrY}{ ~ry [. WlWv ~KrMjl{x ~YzY { r{lx YYY p N.[l Ryx y[x f p{l Urp Ry RrY}{~ry [vf p{l Ul~x xx xl x. Urp ~vRrY}{Y v ~ry [vf p{l p{l Ul~ xxxl x. Urp ~v RrY}{Y v ~ry [v Wv lll{x

v x. ~y ~KrMjl{xY lrvl YvY ly {p~{p nxY l yq{ [v Y YYY p N. KYyj Rp{ tzp f ~v ~Y l v Rll tYvp r{pYv p {p t{ rz { rp.

vv tYv r{p YK lll{xf ry [K{y v` rp{x zNly t rxjp {p~rv. ~v YyjY v ~MmY Yy [K vM[xY Rl.

R~MmY {pp Wxf xnp Yvx tp {yYK ~x. tYv r~r~ Wp rhpx n p{lx p x.

~xzz r{p lll{xf y{ [l t rxj~ vp~Y rhpxY zt pl. t r{p YK ~xzzRrY}{ vzY Yf r{p Rly tYvp ztp rhpp{l{ [vf WY v v` RrY}{ p{lv t{ trxjp {p~ yjx Y Wt. cxY r~

~l r {p BpYK ~ryzK lGf{p ztprhp ~l{x rv lzx n~p ly lll{xYfrlYy Rl.

{l v yq{ [v ~q UrYy {p RrY}{p~ry [vf Ul~{l v ~v YpYf v Rxl {{.Wxp vf Srv p{lx xl x. WlY {l {pYzx l rhp Rh{p lx [p xvf { BpYKRlx rvjf ~MmY {p{ Rl. Wx nl p{jllBpYK Rh l lll{{zf rl {x rhp{zp Jzx ~p~zz zt [v ~q x.


24/85


25/85

24

ztp rhp{zf vj rp rn[zxp vp Y vlK |Yxp xl ~xzz ~r np n ~xp

~l lv[ {|xp {pYy [p ~K {yn nM|pxf{fpp pK v[ YK R ~jYv {fp{Rl. vv xp ~{n nM|px Xt {p S{l {p ly~r p zx x.

~yj py Yzrx 1971

Xt ~vcx vY x

l n Rlp R[lp rl RpM] vY rtq {Rr o lyly nv. vY xp {apx R~ rvp~v[ ~l ~lp rp xx. Tf l{ vY l r{lpRn}vp tzN[x x. vY ~{u{xp rvl x,rxYy x. ~{x rul vY lK v RzYl

~vYf rl p {x. ~{x |Y rvp zYx WxYyx. rrl r~l U~~ rl p p R n rtq {~v lvY p Yyp vY, r~l Ypl{[[z vpv R~Y rrl [ zx[ [zf n ~v{~[ Yyx. RM vp v RzYx n p t ~{x|Yx rp{x. |z vY rvjf ru{l {p {[ vYh x x x ru{l{xp RpM]l{xp Rpv

p lll{xYf ~ fY rl p N v x, lv rvjlyvf rx ~ R[pYv rp{x. vYY zt ~vYpY v ~vcx UDa~mpxf rvj{x. Rpl [xYpK X l ~{u{xp vn{p ztx. ~lrl pvYY R R~vl t{Y lyv?

XN! rgYx! Xtl ~Yzxp v vYY x vvp t x. ~vy f Xtf ~lppf r{.vv Y~vYY {K n x. vv Sp ~qp Y vYY lrv Rn|vp tzN[xY r{lp {[. XJ Ruplyxn Wt x. Xtf r{ ~Yz zYx v Wx vf ~Yz


26/85

25

zYx v ~pl}xf rl vf, RdjY vYYl Sl ~qp |Y nvp {lpK, ~ddjY

nxY rtq Y{y Yl n? XJ Rn|vp tzN[x pK~r~p ll |Yx x. ~{x rul vYY z~ Xtfn ~r~p ~l tzp ~{x rul vf AYplxpr{. A rvjY v p {, XJ ~r~p A ll |Yxp~Yz ~l{ {M[x v ~{rl Y t{ Xt pnpp n? Xtl ~vcx vYY, Xtl ~{x rul|}f rn[zxY , Ry ~vcx Wx vf f rmv p~lx pvl Rn ~lp{f ~ v ~YxY p. W~

pK XJ lx vYY Yy [vfl, Ry ~vcxWx vfl, Xt ~x xl ~l vM[x YvY x n? rmvxp Xt Y xll, Yyj - v R vp~Y[ r{lK lxf ~rYy [v x. WYz XJ vprf{p ~v {apxY r~ Rpp ~p~p {ap pK { y|ly[x ryppf rfp [p Rl. [p n W~v x.

~xzz v vY rx Yypp xK ~ n, W~ v

Xt n rx Yyp Rl. vY rMmpx Yypp xK ~ n?~xzz Xt n rlp R. vY ~xzzp[ Y Kp~y ~lf ~Krl U Yypp xK rnnp n, WrnnpXt n ~x ~lp[ Y Kp~ y ~lf ~Krl UYyppY {pp x. Wvp v Xtf n XJ l pvvYp np Rrl y|xl Sp Sf{p Uyvxl Y ~{x rul x .

~yj py Yzrx 1971

Rnz

tno - p - v~zK R pK{zp Yf~ Yy[lr rp{p tvlp Rly W~ ~ rllYf p {~ppp n ~vcx pl{ p N. Wl Wv Rx Rly~vcxf rhpxY p {p RYyxp {l { ~vcxf


27/85

26

~p~zzY x r{lK{zp xYl Rx n Rl. R[KYy[~ [p ~ppp Rly lv[ {l v Rpp[

~p~zzf toYy p ~p~zzY vlYyp x YypRx Wvf xx { xl x. v {p~ n~ tzppYf|no Rnv r{p rn[zx lyK [v Rr~ pN.Rnv ~ szxY zx l ~v` WYvYxx v {y x. t rxjp Rnpp {p pv~ szx zv ryvMm Yf Wv rllf xv RYp. Wx Rnv pp p{x. {pl R[K Rnptvlp n lvp Rn~ Yyp ryvMmxp ~ry [v~q Wv |~l{yxp rtq Rnzvl { Rl.

Rnv f[l |{~xYf Rp{ ~l R{p x~{yrx. pxY r{zf R xp l ~p~zzYzv ~q UrYv ~vY xn. R[vY n~f ~lxv {pp n l ~p~zz ~q Sp [l rxcp[v Un~ x. t nv |~l{yxf Yyp {KrK{zp ~p~zz ztp Yvx U[p{p R[vY pN. ~p~zz p ~p~zz xp nxYy [ vlYyp~l Wv lll{xpf rl{pp A{ ~Y~ Yyp lp[UrYy zv. Wtp p ~p~v ~Y~ Yyp lpS{lYy ~p~zz ~Y~ Yyp lp WY v t nKU[p{p ~p~z vM[x x. tnox[ Rnz Yvx nvxf pwy x xl x. W~ lx ~Y~ Yyp tnoxrv ~fpY xnpp. X p ~p~v ~Y~ Yyp

TM} - Yo - zu - vp - RYy Rxp ~lJy Rzux, lv [jx, Yyj{ vx ~llprlYy ~p~z ~lY [vf Ul~ {hpp.R~yf {fpp n ~p~vf rl Yyp lv n ~p~prp{l tnxp xYl lxY [lYyp tp tnoYvX[ lxf | Rl.

Wl Rn tno lll{x n~f tzppYf ~{pp ~l r~ Yv rl x Yyp lll{xY p{ |~lp {p~f Yyp rn rc{zp rvjY ~p~v


28/85

27

RrY}l { ~x vp~Y Rr~YK{zp lvp rpRly Rpxp{ n rvf rl Yyp r~.

~vcx lp Yzp Yz vl{p pxY hx~l{zf RpYz Bp v rl lll{x x{Y Yy~vcx q vj p [vf nppf {pR[vY pl. vlrp p tppf ~vcx lpYpl x x vlrp rpx Yyp tnoxp Wvf x. lpzJ pK Yvp rl x{Y vf Srl {pM{zxpf Rlv |Yx xj Yyp tno rrn{p~ {hY [l p x. Wl Rpp[ r{l ~Y~vf {y {v v{ppp Rp[vpx Yyp WY v[.xY ~u, tno ~K, rpYK r R ~v lpYv Yr rppf nyp Ul~xp Wvf x. r{l rKR[x v v{p[ WY ~vl Yv. Wl lvp[ lr{l xnvf v{p l ~ ~vl YvY pl.tno |~px ypp n v{v x.

R[vf R{yxY { r{p v{ l{zp ~~pf~{p x ~rf p N. Rpxpf v{p[pztp RnM|x n ~j x. vY ~xp ~l v~x Yyp v{pf x yl {p lY ~x n`zpYY Uyjx [r.

R{YYK t nK vp Yp{ x x { x.{YYv S{l Yyp ly ~yj rvY ~ p N. ~yj~yj [x tnox Wx Y [vf r{l rx xlx.r{l rK ~ Ul~xY p nypp ~yj xv[y ~zz Rp[ Ym v { x. ~ vhYK~vp rpYK ~ ~x x. v{ Rp{jr{lK ~ Yf ~v {yn. Rpp {v v{p[RrY}{ {pp pv {fpp lvpv x. vlyKrxcp [l ~ lx {vp [ xvf Shlv tz{l RryoxY x x { xl x.

Rnzz xp |{~xf Rp{ x xv vY tpYz~ {l rl [{zp ~l vn{ [v ~rxf


29/85


30/85

29

~xzz ztvf vv ~v UrYy {p t{ rz x.vx RpMx rx}jxf Rll {pp.

~rxf Yv lpll Y np Rx{~YK ~vp{p xl x{Y p N. ~rv ~q UrYy {poMv ~vf Ul~x xn pK Wx p{j rszxYz~p ~zx x.

R{ p xp ~{u{xf Rxl {~l rtq ~YzYRxxY tzryll lyp x xl x. zn nxp ~lf{p Rly { tzryll S{lf nvp ~xp ~xzz

R| - Rvpr lyp Yyp tp Wx Mn} x{.RMx rx}jx Wxv x.

~yj U{r Yzrx 1971

v

tno S[pvf Rp{ K x{ Yf~ lppt rp{x. Ryvjl R~l, Wxf RpYz{ r{p~ll WY{ lp K x{ ~{p t{ [ Yy Rl.v Yvp RYyxp ~{ll WlyK ~x xllYp N. Wl vp, nppf ~{p ~nx rtqlyK [v lx rtq rx[Y{ lyK [v.

rp ~l WY{p Ryvj ~{u{xf Rp{ {p~Yfrl N. Wxp rop {pp rx Ryvj RzzK RrxRyvj S{l K ll{xpf ~l ryv x. ~l{x p~v rhpxY v vv vp~Y ll{xp[p WYY rnpKYy[p Rl. Wv y{ S{l Yyp ly p v p YYY. Spxxpf v{p Ryvj UrYyxp ~lvv [ R Yy [v Y K x ~Y~ Yy [vYt{ { x. ~rGgp ~lx Rzl zl~Krcp Y xp{p { R~f v{pp {Ryvj n~f ~l xv K W{ Y np |YxY


31/85

30

~lf {nn p [p ~l vxvf Yzrp{p xYlx xl t{ x.

q R~Y zv lxf tz{l UrYyx. WlR~ lvp[ RpMmx r~ xn pK R~p [lrxcpx ~MmY pl. ~MmY rsz [l {~l{YR~MmY rsz ztp Rxp ryjx YM pK qp q unx p [pp p{j pv vp~Y |YxxlvY p R t{f Wx ~Y}x. ~rx YKp{jllf rvjY ~v R t{ t{yp[ Rn~x. p{p px lvpf z R ~x Rx{~YKY ztp Rxp ryjx v p{j p lll{xrp{pp. R~p np {~l{ A xp r[vfrvjY ~v p p{p tzvf n, xvY Ul~{lN pK t yf Y ~Y~ v xnp RlYyoMvxp ~lf {nn p np Rxp R~ ryjx vf {p{ Rl.

xK {~l{Y R~p x YY ty ~{yrx rv.t f ty nM|pxp [pp yj Wv RyvjRuplyx p x x. Ruplyx Y [vfUrYy {p p{j~ W xn pK R~p [l yj{p~ {p Yyj p{jf R~N. Wtp xvY KR{~mN vp~f rvjY ~v p Yy p{j~f n~Ktpo Yyx pK ~rxf UrYy {p oMv ~l vl Yy[vf UrYy {p t{ p{jllp ~p Y yjx.

Wxp ly { K x{ R~f rvjY ~v Yypyj [ll p p{l{v Y Yy{p t{f rlYyp |Yp ~Yy [ll{p {. R~p np yrxfzz Yyp vp~Y rhp vlYy [l Rlvp WxpR~{~zzY ztx ~x p~ [p x. vz{ {|xpW{ rhp{zf vj p R{~p{plx vyp vln Rr[l Y pp{p t{f rl {pp. Wtp ztlx ~r{l Yy [K Ruz|x R ~v npYf vR~p vf {h p{p p x v ~MmY rszzt vf l {p t{ r[l xll.


32/85

31

~yj U{r Yzrx 1971

z ~l

~z ~l ryf Yf Rll x. ~l |}g YfRll x. ~p Urnp x. Sp xvY z ~p xl{ xvY xx pK Yyx pK A l{p rYY A rn[zx tx. Yyllx Rnp [p[ rx Rp{

xp Yyll ynx v.K n|p{ oKvrnx rv{ {M[x vz YmN

Y{p S[pv. K n|p Yyp znn ~{lp{yFl{pyvx aYZrz lyp Rytx x. aYZrzlyp ry Rl t{Yn R~ zhp rj ~xY[R~ tlY Rpo Y ~ yl{p Rlv u{x n A lyp[ R~ Rpo x. vxx A n|p{f l{.

vxp tno nM|px [wy Rn~ Sl ~yzRYyxp nM|x Urv v p Srl Yf Rl. vx R Urv Wp lxp [l Urv rvjYp { A{x WYly nM|plvY vj{yY n Rl. pyY~p xvY Y f W rY [z Rp [p r~ r~ WpYyll ynx vp Wx. [z Rp [p xx f Wxp{[xp Y p ~l{x xN. pyY ~z{zf vz

lp Yfxl Yyp Rx Yf rl{p Rxy vxp qfrz N.

~l ~lz Rlp vz lp [pp ~l x. Y}xYtp czx v. W R tl y~x Rropx. ~lprppl ~z prnp xp ~z{zf rop{pp ~lx. vp rtt[v x N Wx. ~p{f~px Rr {ppY vp ~l al~Yxpf RrN. vp ~Gg x nY{p znn Wt. yp Yth ypv{ pK N. Wvp ~p Urp n vpvxx rGg pK R[plY{ r Ruoxp Rr~ {


33/85

32

~lx. Rr~pp czxY v. Rr~pp czxp ~npzn n{z n Rr~ Rr~pp {ppY vp Rr~ ~p

Yyp xp nn Rr~ {x lvpf Rppf R{hr~ r{. Wxp ~l zu RY~z ~z{zpRr~ x. p |no Y~z ~z v`p rl { lt[vf {xK v vp.

~yj p{K Yzrx 1972

R~pxf l

t nvp r}jx { cxY {|xp r~x RxxY ~zxf tp t{ Rll. WlRn ~zx r}jx {pp Yvp x ~l tzvRp{| x x p ~x xl x. ~v ~Y l v xj {

p{jY x p x. t r{p nY Y{nl zYxnvp x. tYvp ztp rhpxp vf r{pYK ~x R{| N. Wl Wv ~Krx {p~ RlYfry xlvY {p t{ ~z cx n~f xv{pR~f v{pp. cx ~p~zz [y{x Y[vf UrYy {x t nvp zt [l ~vplvl{x,rypYKr{ R U~~ [r{lK{z UrYyx t{ ll

npp n. Rnl ~z n{l [j yrjx Y ry [xp p xx vf Sh v x. Rp cxl p t [j ~z n{p l{ v S{l pt{ R~yjxp Yy nY{p nx{, p rpp Spvn{ [vf xnp UrYv, R[v Yy nY{p uYxRp[p rz N. p A ~xzzY v rN y{pYyppY p Yyj lyK [vp Yyp t{ ~vfSh v x. ~ lxY l x xl Wv [ xj vfUrYy {Mlvp ~vcxp zvf R Sh Rh t{ { Yyj Wvf x. Rpxp[ ~p~v Un~ lv[


34/85

33

UrYyx xnK {pYK U[p{p tnv rrppp{ ~zxp lv[ xrlf rvjY ~v { {h vf

rfp [l ~vx ~f cx p~rlx RyKux { t{rz { Xrr {pp. ~v nxY v Rxx rlp xK {hf t~~ ~zx[p ~{p ryrhpx ~vyl x. pKt{, r|~{, Mx, zux R ~xzz v lv~l x xlx xp rMmpxp xl x ~xzz np RYYrl v rvxY p N. ~v YpY l v zYRx{~YK zv rtq R~{ Rl. rN Y llr{p Wv v xY ~[l { Yy [v ~p

~l xlYv. ~xzz lvp ~l Yy [vf ryYv~p ~Krx WY Yf~. Wv ~{yrxp ~x vf xv vp ~p ~vcxf Rxl R~px~f Rxlvf l x. R~px RrY}{p p~rvp vl{pp. { xvY Y~ {ll lxYfR{| rop Yf~ {p Yv, Rv, {~, tl Rxlxf p{ v t Yyj x. R{| rvjxp Wx

zt [vf ~v npY[ v Ul~x Rl. Ul~xrvjf zt [K x{ p ztp f R {pvp~Y lll{x WlyK q WYY x p x.W{ lll{xY U {p f q ~f r{ pyYrD vf ~{p t{ rvxf YyjY p N.Ul~x rvjf rsz p zv WY Rlp xnpUrYv{z tzYK x x. Wl {y UrYv xf n ~oyj Rxx n p zJ pK S{~v WlyK

r~ pl. lv Sx r{p Rxx zt [vf WlyKUrYvxY R{| pl. Wv Rxx zt [vf xnpUl~x R~MmY {p l vlv ~vc Yvxp[ ~xx vf Sh J. ~vcxY {l {p ~v YpY v~vc Rx{~YK{z Yy{ x. Wv Rxx ~v{YRl. Wv Yv ~vcx R RxK lll{xpf Rp{Yf~ {pp. Wv ~v{ SYv{ Rx{~YK Rxl Yy

[vf n`zp RlYy [l rn[zxp ~vcx tz v{ npY[ R~p lll{x vl Yyp WY l{Y xx{ x.


35/85

34

R~px vlYyp lp vn ~p lll{xY UYy[vf S{~v, zn rvp ~lf v R U~~ oMv

y{{pf r{p. W{ U~~ oMv R[Y R|{zp ~~plpxf Rlz v R[Y rcY{yp ~p Y xl x.~vx Yv{zp ry { lGf{f rl{ppf ~p~zxY R~{~zzY zvf Rnp R[v UrYy p NpK {Mlvp lxf R[vp [l UrYyxY n pl.|}xp tnv ~Y~ {x ~p~p Rxy S[pvfx. Wl Rn Wxp n rfY zx p lll{xYU R t{ v~zzp tzppYf rp. ~vcYv{zf Rp{ RYp ~p~K ztppf [~ rycxfrl R~pxp rppf pYvp ~p~pRxy U[p{p t nv Y{nl UrYy x. Rlvp nypvlxf Rp{ vnz p{ r v Rr~ x. rp {|xpp{pp ~l ~p~vf rl Yyp WYly vp~Y x~{yrxY ~tqYy ~ {p x{zf x. ~p~p ~lY~ [p Yyp ~v x{Y v rpY ~{yrx r{p t{t nvf Rp{ r[l xl x.

Wl Rn W{ lll{xY t rYK{z p t{{ x. zu, n~, v xp ~l [ S{l Yy Rzu,Rn~, Rv xp ~l [ WY{ Yvp R{~mN ~lrp{p ~{yrxp xYl rpYvY W ~Y~ N. Wxpvl{p ~p~v n Rh{Y pl. Wl |azl{xp

ly `zz [hYf v R~px vlYyp x lR rYK vp{ x ~v r{ Rr~ x. ~p~zzszx {|xp tzryll {p Yyp x l p~p~p YvY J pK Wxp ~p~vY vlv ~~lY p YY. W~ v rpYK v q oMvxp[~Y~ vp ~Y~{p RxxY zv rnpK Yf ~x xll. q p q xp n{M[xf Rxl oMvRlyp ~p~v ~Y~ v q oMvxp[ WYvp~{pp. n{z nY WYf p r{ppY vp qoMv ~v` |vY pl. xK lpY pyY oMv WYN


36/85

35

pK Wlp xj {pp pyY oMv p q oMv pN. Rn Yyp rpYK n~ tzp f n{z WY

vf {y {hppY vp pyY oMv{zp q oMvrnK Ul~xY nyp {hr{ x x. vpx- RYyYv xp R~p vlYyp [ {Mlvp rpYKl Wvf x. A Rly TM}{ n tyl rp vl N. YpYYyp rYvY Y ~lfK x{Y t np lpl. Wxf {h p lv Y xlx xp v tz{lz~p vl Yyp rpYK l n R~p vl Yyp {hWvf x. Rlvp ~zYp q rpYK qYv q

oMv WY{p x p { lv[ Ucy{ rpx zYYK WYYy [v zY rpYK {|xp ~zYx.K RYy rpYK{zp ~ {x ~ l R x xl|no{ R v p { t |no{l v xv x. |no{xp ~l ~p~p oMv |Yx. zhf tl Rrx vzh xj vf UrYy {ppY vp ~p~v ~Y~ Yy[v ~q Y xl rpYK ~ ~lf Rrx v p

~p~v xj vf l x.Rn Yyp rpYK{z rY ryz{f ~v v vxf

WY R l{l n}x. ryz{Y R t{ oMvpYz{ Xrr R ~lx. Wl vz{ Yyp x{pvz{ rsz p zJ pK Wr~~Y xp nK[jx ty x xl x. rpYK x rNYK Yy p~p~vp rp rpYK rY ryz{f lz

Yy v vh YK lll{x {~vf R WY v v` x.R[v p ~p~v vl Yyp m x{Y t{ vf ~{x K RYy n} ~l {h{zp x x v {y x.K{f {[{ xll R[v U[p{ppp t{ { xl x.ry~~vf t nx Rzx{f [x { xx { Ym{ vp~p~v tzryll {p R[vp p ~p~v vlN pK Wx Rnvf Srl {p vhx n pl. Wlv Rll R[K n}x p { Wx {y { lyKp [K {yn x. R~px p vf WY v UrYyxR[vp ztp Rxp Yyppf ~v ~p lll{xY v


37/85

36

R[K UrYyxp zt [l t{ t nv plyK [ll{pf y~Y p N. Wtp ~v npY v

lxf | {p ~x R~pxp{zp vf t nKUrYyx ~x xl x. tnK U[p{p rpYK vnzxnK Yyp Yyp n p { zu, n~, v ~lpS{lYy {l vf Ul~ [vY t{ { xl x.

~yj vp Yzrx 1972

pYv

RYK R[x p Rx[ ~l{z p tzrpRly pYK R[x ~vf R Rx[ ~l rzwvWlyK r~ p N. ~v rn[zxY v R Yvp ~rvf ll Yyp Rly p Yvp zx ~rx zt[v p{jllpf rvjY ~v x. ~Y yc ~Krl~v` ~ly v opx {xY Wx Rlv Rp{jYvY t{ p{j p YK rvjf ~lpp. WlW ~x Rx{~YK S{lf v ~l Yvy p{ppxYx vf ~{Yf ShY pl. R Yvl S{lnv p Yvp ~r ztp Rxy z{f rp{ WY vpj{l Y{n xpp Rr nv.

zNly tnol{x xp{p Y{p Uy l yf{vlvf p Yvp ~r x ~x Yyj R{toY xl x. Yw{[ rfp |z ~l lY R ~x~l{x R Yvp ~r vf ll Yypp x. RYv { Yy [vf xnp {~ YYf rl Yyp t{{f [K |Yx p{j vq Yp p Rl. lxYqvf pxY n R{| N. qvf UrYy {p{~l{p rxcp [v ~v ~l{xY[p v ~{pp.

Wl A ~{Y lv vz{f r K [p R np N. ~l{x r {p f X[ {lvf R{|


38/85

37

~xzz zYx z~ x. Wv n~ ~{u{ oMvxp Rrfz Rll ryjxf WYK {y Yvxp[ l{p

zYx Wxf Rxl ~x {~l rtq RxxY ~Y~ YyRr vl Yy [pp Y. Yfl ~oyj { ~Y~ RWv {~lp ~oyj { rxcpxf [K n~ xvM[xf ~ rl N pK zYx X ~l xvY p{ p Yvp ztp ~rx YvY X ztp{ Rl.Wv p Yv n ~vf ~oyj {p f RxxY rtq~fp Wlp v S{y x. Rp{| {h [hY ~ rfz{[l tp R{~pxY p {h Xf v YynyxY x.~]Y nr ~]x ryj Yyp RYyx r {~llv[ rxcpxf [pp Rxy vpp rz Yyx.~]Y {~lN ~v Yy{Y pl. {~l{f xYp {p RYyxp Wv {~lp ryjx K Rxx~` ryryf {{. {p {~l Wv nr{zf Rxlp tp RyY}{f rn[zxp {p v n, R{| pl.W~ v r ryjx ~xYy YM pK rn[zxY~p Yf~Y {p Yy [vf n ~ p N. tyY plxY [{p ~p~zz [vf lv rl ryryfv` r p t rxjp {p~[ vv Yvx ~vcxftYy [K v`Y ~z~ pK R Yvf {h pYvp ~r p ~vcxY vl Y N xx ~x x.

~yj vp Yzrx 1972

u{pN ryvMm

{cl{x tzN[ xf R {Mlvp zYxlp {p ~v R[xY v pKy ~l ~lprwvfl, tq R|{p rnvfl, }l Rn~

xlvY vfl lh np Rxp h [~ Rl. WrszxY {|xp l{YzY pnx rlp lxp


39/85

38

Rxm R~{n ztppf [~ ~{x {p l ~nf vRy Yy [p {zvl {{ xm{toxp ly {

{p ~fp Ryw U~pl{xp r~tf {j rylxYrvj npY K ~vcx {~l n?

t f v{pf rf {pp tfy yf{z pKRz. R~. ., vc{p { cpY X}o Rryf{z pK, R, ~y{, { vl {l, Wv plpKYp|Y y~xY { { } {M[l x. K{xp~{pp l{YzY z~ ~t zYxp rz xv.

plpK CncpY z~ lxp rz xv. rz xv{p [f{zf np cx[ rlyY p N. Wlcx[ rly Rrf ~x [l x.

{lvp ~ z{ n{l l rp p p vp~Y[f ~ tnvx {p yf{Y ~q v` r Kx{ t nvf Rl. tno u{p Yvxp U[p{ppA YMxx. Wl u{p{ xp ~vyp ~l ~p xf

~ry ~vcxp nY lxp Rl Wyx[l [p v rx xl [i nvY xx t nv p[p{x.tno u{p Yvx lxp rz xvY p N. lxfvj v ~q rj v, Wxp Yypp.

u{p{ xp {apx lyv {v - xj vx.{x xll ~l r{x. ~l xj v ~vm u{p

pp n, r{ xj v nM|p u{p pp n pN.~vm u{p{p Yypp R|{ (Yv abn) ly{({rn), Rz~Yv (pno), R~px (UnoDaYYYDa),~Yx (Da) xp {yj r~ l{YzY { xfrl Yy~l ~p~p t{ R vx. Wxp ~l op lll{xnY{ xj Y x. Wl Rr[ tzryll{x xll Rppf Sp r ~f Rvl n Yyp{cvf xlp v pN. W{ Rvl tzxY zKRn~p xvY u{p Yyll, Wx ~zx YYu{pN v{{p p` ~p l}j{Y {|x. op


40/85

39

{ zY lll{xp t nv ~p U~~ Yf p~zYpp A ~v x.

Rr ~l lp Rn{ {l p v rz{y tnx rrxK v ~q W vz rx{y {|xp~p~p ~lY x xl x. ~vm u{p{ R{| {ppA ll ~vx ~q x. r~~p u{p{p YyppzYx n~ R ~xp (Rl YZ - Rplv {|xp)tzvfl, Y - ~r R {|xp R {p o rMx~xpn~ vo~ml{xp tzvfl {p Rxp tnx

xj vx.{lvp ~vcx tn vGfvp U~~ Rx r{ ryl

R~pY l [l Yyp t{ ly R~ppf zJ. nppfzJ. t nK S[p{p Rxp ~x tn vGfv U~~lll{xYf p{ [p p t{x X{p [p Rrf {YY. vp~Y R~px R {pp vp~ l R|{,ly{, TM}{ { }l Rn~{z xYl{x RY

v. u{p{ v p Yypp Wv ~lz l{YzY{|xp xfrl Yy |no{, ~x, ~p~pYv, Mxx,p{j, vx, Yyj{, v l{, vl t{ { Yzj[joMv ~ n{l l {[ vx.

zYx nrllp Rpl{ ~p t{ trxjp{p~ rp{ p ~Y. ~vcx ~ {p Rryo{zf vl{p r|p{zf vzY l{ K Rpl nYx. WpK

R|{ ly{x. fY Rr YvYx {v. l{l fY{yYyx {v. lvj Yyzzp vp ~v f v KRlnY vl WpYf rp ~p Rr[ K {~vp{p~vY ~ ~p~vY tzryll x p x.Wxp K Rpl{ x rrx lyvY yf {p~Y xl x. u{p{ [p ~qp Yyp tno n|p{pRlyp rvZ~mpx [pp ~rGgp ~lx pxzY Ruco vp~~ xp {|xp U[p{pp

A x rrx {p~ Yyp RYyxx. A Rp{ rj{{l ~x {frf{ n~ p vo~m tzvp


41/85

40

xYl{ vo~m {p r{lvY Rvfl, ~vY {~p|z { Wx Sxf [p xvfl {p Rl.

n{~ {h Yfxl Rly ~ Nz{Y {{ n, W ~qpr, tnxf (~) rY}Yl{xf (Rpr~~p) vzlpY |yx (Yx), K (Nnp), ~l (ll) [jnK (oKv) rtq Wv u{p Yvxp ry Yy [llRr ~vcx R~pxp rpp{pf ~x n{l lyc Yyp RolY |pl{ yYf rj `K{zpxYl{ p{ {pxY Yy r lx x. u{p{pYypp nY RMx ~l R{to Yy [v rvjYp { vz{ lx ~MmY Yy [vYn t{ Rr RvlYp Y xlx.

~yj {~Y Yzrx 1971

~y ~v~y ~K ~vlYv ~ l p [J

Rl. Rpp[ ~y{zf R z [~v pxY lzxR~v[YK, Rknty, R{z x{z Rx vl vf l{Yt{ Y{yl n. YpY[ ~Y vl v, Wx rp{v Rx ~y ~v pp pvf ~vcx y Rl. Wl vx pyY xx ~Kvl vf WY Wzz ShY

pv t{ z{ly t lx n~ tzp f rp.z{ r ~l{xf xrl ~ Yyp t{yp[ lxxnpp Rpp[ M{z [ ~x A{ rp{ Spvn{ [v ~q x. Wxp ~ { xrl n ~rf p N.~~y p rl { ~l{ rc{ Sp v [vf UrYy{x ~ ~ YK ~K Yvx t{ rz Yyj.

WY v x{p nxYy rsz zvf UrYy {

l np f {yn vl Yyp lp p [l x.t{yxY Rpp l r{p xK M{z YvY ~KXf xrlY K Yyj Wv x{f xnp ~l


42/85

41

{[p Rl. Yyj{ | Yy rf Yyp {ap R~pp~x Yvllp v {yn [vf Srl Yy{p |Yx

vl Yyx. ~p~zzY vl vf ~vl Yyj |Yx |Yyp Rpp[ tzYK vl vf Srl K szxWxp rz x. Rpp rK RYyY [ | Yypx{ ~l }l t{f rl Yyp |Yxp xYl x. SrlYyp {ap{z R RYyY ~{yrx R~pp[ ~lp ~p~p t{f rl pxY lzx R{z vl vfl N.

[qY [~v YjY | K rszx. ~{qY vlv r~ YK zY}jx. Yyj{p xl ~lY xM{z YK ~v ~p~zzf l { Rly RYyY {Yyp ~v {hp v vl{pp p ~p~v. tlx Yyj{ rnpK Yf ~Y~ {{Y pK tnoxz{ ~p~p {~l{Y v rvxY p N. z{ {p~plll{x Uvf l{ RYyY YvY t{ { xl x.Yyj{p ly { f tnoYK n X l pl. xvY

l Yyj{ J pK X r~ tnox.

R[v xp pv rfz{ [p YvY Yyp {l{p rn[zx ~y { Yyp Rly, R[v Rp{ l ~Y~Yypp ~x ~y {~ z{ ~p~p{ Rl.

~yj {~Y Yzrx 1972

~yj ~yj

tno ~yj [ab.

oKv ~yj [Da.

~] ~yj [Da.

~rY rp{p YYf rl K x ~{yrxYzYx l r{p t{ {fp pj{l Sp [zK


43/85

42

v`Y ~vf xv v p{j vlK rszx.~rll Rx [{j rllf Wv ~rll{ nv R YYz

yppY vp YzxY vzz {yn vf y R ~ln, {y vp ztp rh {zp vn{ [v nr~ {hY pN. ~yy M{z { f Wx p[f{ [v~q ~yxxY UrYy tzryll {ppY vp{y rllf R ~l {y rllf y{ [vfxvY Roy zx xlx. ~lY r~ Rr~ v WxfWY{p oMvxp[ ~{yrxpf Rp{ ~{p t{ ~Y~ {~l rtq ~ly tzp f rzx. p ly{ lx

[pxK Ruz|x R Y{y {{n Yf ryp ~lSp vn{ ~rxf rlYy [v ~q UrYy {p tnx~Y~ Yyp oMv {zp ~l r}jx Yxl{ Rl. Wvtnx xj v ~rxf l{Y tp Wx SfYy [vfUl~ {hpp tnoxY t{f rlvf ~y~pp.tnoxY K vzY rx{y ly{p ~yj xv x. Wx{apxp rvjY vp ~KrMj {ppY pN. {ap

{zf rvjY Wx ~v N pK Ym v y Y [y,vxp, ~z R rY}n tnoxp t{f rl vRr~ pl. tno ~yj [ab x xp rn v lvl tnx xjYy [v ~q tnvl lxY RnM|x~lf [K R}gpx ltp {n[l R{~m{.

lp z Rut{ [x p{jY ~Y~ { |}g lxYr{p j Uyl{x pv ~q x R {apx

tno xp rnxx. ~ ~p RrY} Yyp ~p~z lyf{ tno xp pp p{p Ullvx l nvp tp~p~zz rlp Y{y {{n Up {p~[ l RnM|x[v, tzryll{ ~MmY Yy [vf tz{l ~x.Wv RnM|vl l h [~v lv[ l h [~v~q UrYy Yy [pp t{ ~lp yj [K ~~yp v r~ vv trxjp {p~ rfYy [ xpRn~ ~l Rx xlx. l~ll dj ~Krlp xlt lx ~Y~ K Rlzv {x Yyj{ t{ t~llx ry ~vx n~f tzp f rz {x.


44/85

43

zYx R ~x Mvj ~x[xp[ rszx x.Wvpv U~~ rl vp~Y lll{xp ~l l vlv

o oMv ~x[xp[ rszx x. rn[zxY[ ~lr{p Uyl{x X l xYyp YyjN rvjxpvp[l Y. v~ lxY Uyl{x vlvf UrYy{pYyj [jx vl{pp ~p~zz {z[px. Wtp~p~zz rl ~v YpYv Yyj{ ~l qv ~qUrYy {p ry rK yl x. p |z, p}YMvr, Mxx, Y}p, ~l, R}gp, v, UrY}xp{p Yf~ nxYf tp W ryl{x.

v { lxY n~ tz Wv ~fpf Rp{ lxYRq ~lfvf ~Y~{pp vp ~p~zz UYy[vf ~y~pp ~p~p trxjp {p~[ lRnM|xp lv[ ~p~zz ~Y~ Yy [v Y xlx.tno ~yj [Db xp rn vp tnoxY t{f rlvf {pp Wv Rn~ ~l ny x vf R}gpYy [v. lx l ry ~Y~ v |Y} Yf~

lpYf Rp{ h [~vp ~{pp. |z |Y}{, ~v|Y}{, r |Y}{ xp lp ry ryvf UrYy {pRly lxY r|no u{xf rlYyp R[ RfY ~lfyYy np{ Rl.

vv R[ Rfp xl ~lY ~Y~ Yy {p rlY}Yy [vf trxjp {p~ ~p n|p Y oMvxUrYy x xlx. trxjp {p~ n~ tz ~vp

Up{p~[ [j vp Wv UrYyx zxpx.

oKv ~yj [Db

vv ~~y Y {[v ~q trxjp ~pn|p Y oMvx rfYy [ xp R}gpx ~lny [v ~p~zz tzryll {pp ~p zxxl n{ rfx. Wv Rn~ [l R{~mN ~f Xfr{yp {h y|x. X lv[ tnx xj v ~qUrYy {p oMv S[v, ~l ny [v, W~ ny[l


45/85

44

oMv Rlyp lx l qx xl Yf~ qvf rY xl oMv r vfl UrYy {p |z - ~v -

r rv yl x xlx. RdjY ~djY{ v {~l{Yv ln, tyz, ~z{p, yl{p ~{u{xpRl. Wv [ ~xzz {vx Yf~f ~v{x.

W~v pxY {p~YK {zp xl oMv {l K~l Rv Y ~r pnpxp vl vf UrYyx.K RYy ~K Rlp ~r pnpxp zv ~l{x[tz{l RrY}{ x. ~r ~{u{xp ~l qv ~q

UrYy {p l Y ~{u{xp vl vf UrYy{p l trxjp {p~ ~p n|p Yyp znoMvx rz{ ~qp Rl. l{n ~r np l ~lfWY K Y np l ~lp S{l K Yv n, tnK ~qp J.

~~y Y S{yYy [v ~q oMvx rf ~xppWv R}gpx ~l ny[p Y np oMv S{l K

~r np oMv WY K Yv y v X ~l YMxxN. nK rn p [vp rvjY Rn~ ~KrMj vYpl.

lx l ~Y~ {p q pyY unxpf RxloMv p{p Y [K x{f tv X[p ~xxl {n[l Yf~ x.

Wv v zt [v ~q tzx xl Yf~ ~lyYx - Nnp - ll - oKv xp ~rGgp ~lyx. vvRyvj ~ly n~ v~K ~l{ tzK {l nM|pNxvp lYy oMv p A{ ~l yq{ [vf RlYy oMv p A{ S{l v ~vY rop t{oMvxp rz Yypp.

~lY U~~ lll{xf ~Y~ v ~q rnY{pbpn, ll, x, v~ xp Vn rn oMv n ~no, ~,x, ~v, rd xp ~r ~lY ~Y~ v ~q Rr{p oMv vn, W |no ~, ~v, x, rd xp


46/85

45

oMv tz oMv pp ~l ~Y~ { ~rx |Yvl v~q x Yyp t{n, ~, oKvax, x, r, r~~n,

~v, UrYZ xp oMv tnx xj vf UrYy {ptco[ pp r {p t{n, tnx xj { ~l ~M{Mn}l{xf rl Yyp ~Kv G, ~Kv ~Yrr, ~Kv{a, ~Kv YKvpl, ~Kv R{, ~Kv {xv, ~Kv~, ~Kv ~v xp R[ Rfp xl Mn} vM[xf{ ~ ~p~v vl Yy[l t{n, oMvxp rzYyp Yyjx. vv oMv ~xzz rtq v, oyjx Yy[v, xYyv, xp Yf~ lp oKv ~yj [Db

oMvx rf ~xpp ~p ~ Y xllx.oMvx S[vf n [y R~yY zx xlx. oyjxf

[l oMv R{to K Yv p [vn, [y R~ypzx xll. vv oMv {f l ~p~zz vlKYvx u{p{f Rxl {{. ~vm - nM|p {|xpY{p u{p Yf~ nY Rlyp ~vmx ~l lprlYy [vf nM|p{ R{toxf UrYy {p{

Rl. tno |~pxf Rxl Rp { r{l ~xzzv ~lr{p pYvj [ pYy ~l xj K {h {zxK ~~~ t{f rlvf UrYy r~ r{. oMvR{toxf UrYy{p nM|p p{h ~{Yf l~p~zz ~Y~ v Y YYY pN. Wl Wx [yR~yY p{ v n Rr~ x. trxjp {p~ ~p~Y~ Yy R ~` ryry vv UrYyx zYxf v~q x R WYv r~x. Rn zYx ~p WYn

vp nexY ~p ~x[p p ~l rtq Wx YvK Yv npp tno rlxvx. Wv ~~YvRYy [v ~q Up{p~zf l rl[xpYr ~vf ~ Rt{ Wv l yf{p n~ tzp frz x.

~l xp YvYn?

[l ~l nY ~tqYK ~ {pp Y~n?

~l ~Y~ K ~q UrYy {p oMv vp{n?

~l Y ~r ~Y~ {pp Y~n?


47/85

46

~lf WY{p Y S{l Yypp Y~n?

~rx ~l yq{ [pp Yvp RYyxpn?

~l pY Yvx YvYn?

R ~l rtq ~x y~ npp uY}p {p~zrv. ~l pxY Rlf ry o rszxp zt npl}jN uxpYl{x nl uY}{ Wx ~lp S{l v~q ~Y~ x xl RYyx trxjp {p~ ~prp{ Rl. Wxf Rp{ h [~p uY}{ lv ~l{ t~xzz Rl y rlx lp ~{y Rl r}Yy rxYfrvjY ~v { RxxY R{ {~x K lll{xft~ Rl. vll, Yyj, v l, UrY} xp oMv ~llprl Yy [v ~q { nY Rp zYx[xrl ~q lx xnv Up{p~[ lx {n[lx{ Rl. Up{p~[ ~{x R~ zuxY zv~q p{ y~ ~p~zz zv ~q ~Y~ {{.l{ n lv l r{p Yz~ S{lYy Yz| ~lp

zx n~ zv ~q lx ~v vlYvnM|p R~p z{ n~ tzK x{ ly xKUl~xp Up{p~ xYlx. v~ rrp uY}{t nv Yvxp rlY} Yypp. Y v ~qYvxp lx h[~{pp. xvY oMvx UrYy[K Dlp{p oKv ~yj [Db xp Rn~[ll pK Wx ~MmY Yy [v ~q uY}p {p~[

UrYyx [lxl tp~] ~yj [Db

vv Y { [v ~q ~]ylpx UrYyx rlxp R}gpx ~l ny [l xlx.

R}gpx Wz~p ny Wlp ~f ~r np oMv~l yq{ [K Yv, A{ pp RYy, yq{ [vfY xl UrYv R Rppl Yyj uY}{[ R~ypzx xlx. vv UrYyx x YY u{pN xnpuY}pf rv. rl tz [p u{p v n Rr~x.


48/85

47

vx u{p RlK zt YpY[ R~ypv p[l xll. uY} ryry rN Rxx {|xp Y[p

Wpp n ~l rtq RlK{z nvx. vv RlKp { f |z, ~v, r xp |Y}lx n, pl. Wx p tno |~px n pl. |~px WY uY} Yf~Y [pmoyx {hppp ~xp WY Yf~Y nM|p oyx{hppp ~xp t {pYy [v tno |~pxr{lv p vf vl { {y vlx. ~~yjx ~qUl~{l K Dlp{p ~~pf Rl { ~vuY}{Yv t nv vpp S[p [l xl x. nK

Rll ~v YyjYv ~l r~ Yy [v ~q x Rt{ Rvl{p { xllY pN. oMvx v xp rMmv p{ Wv rn{z ~qp vp~Y ~{yrxp voMv v {|xp r[l xlx. p[l uY}{f nM|p{pv vp n{ v Y pY. uY}p RlypxvY Rpxpf R{to YyK |Yxp xYl pKUp {p~z zYp YKr{p zYxf ~l xjK RYy xp lvp[ l RnM|x X{p SxlK ~vl {l. Wv |Yxp M{z YK R Yf~Wxf ~tq p{p{ Rl. vv nrY}xv nM|p {xxllvx.

~yj ~vpxp ztp UrYy lp RYyxpzx xl t{ vxp rz {x.

t~yj - l RnM| np ~l x v`f yvf

UrYy {x.nK~yj - x v`f yppf UrYy {p v

zt [vf UrYy {x.

~`~yj - x v`f y{p oMv{z UrYy [ppYv p [vf UrYy {x.

vv {o ~yj pzt ~p~zz ~Y~ Yy [Ktnx xj v p t{ vxp rz N xx

~l. Wtp ~xzzv ~yj ~yj zt ~p~K ~l~Y~Yy [vf Ul~ {l{


49/85

48

~yj Yzrx 1972

tp { Spx nM|p{(v ~zxlp ~lx R|x)

v ~p v~ R~p z. WY ~vxY u[{lt ~{l p{y nNyK {y {h {~p ~Y. W

t vj x uY}p Rvl ~Y. rp{lp {p~x uY} r{np p . u[{lp {p~ vx {~Y. vj! v ~xlpx lrf n|p Yypp,Wx R~N, p vp Yy{. n|p Yypp. W~xrp{lp {p~ x A uY} u[{lp {p~f rlyp . u[{lp {p~ vx { ~Y.

vj, R~ lll{Yyxp p v - p

v l Yf [p, yrxp lll{Yyxp pv - p v l Yf [p, aY}M djxlll{Yyxp p v - p v l Yf [paY}M ~rM|x lll{Yyxp p v - p vl Yf [p aY}M ~rM|x l Yf [p, xKK x xl ~rxY YY UrY}{Y N n A nlll{Yyxp p v - p v l Yf [pR~ Rzx. yrxp Rzx. aY}M djxRzx. aY}M ~rM|x Rzx. xK K aY} ~rM|xYyj Yf x xl ~rxY YY UrY}{Y{x n W n Rzx. W Rz-[z v R|{n {~xptzvp p{l rdarp~ Zpox {vf xl.rpMu{x r~ {p lj{ n {hp x. (v~{hp { X[) YxY nymx {hl. al~Ynymx n {hl. YxY ~plrx n {hl, al~Y

~plrx n {hl, YxY z n {hl, al~Yz n {hl. vlv YxY Y x.


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(Yj, px { |yx lll{Yyxp p v~l A ~v Syp v rM{ rv Rzx. v {x. A

Rzv v v ~ lj{ {hx. YxY al~Y Y{hx. p{l rpMu{x n {pp x.)

vj; vp~ lll{Yyxp p v - pv l Yf [p oMvxp lll{Yyxp pv - p v l Yf [p vj; vpdjx lll{Yyxp p v - p v lYf [p vp ~rM| lll{Yyxp p v -

p v l Yf [p, vp ~rM|xp xK Kx xl ~rxY YY UrY}{Y Ur n, A nlll{Yyxp p v - p v l Yf [p,

~l Rzx, oMvxp Rzx. vp djxRzx, vp~Y ~rM|x Rzx. vp~Y ~rM|xl Yf [p xK K x xl ~rxY YY UrY}{Y N n W n Rzx. W Rz-[z-

v , R|{nx x tzvp p{l rarp~Zpox{hl. rpMu{xf l {pp { lj{ n {hpx. (W~ {hp { X[) Yxnymx n al~Ynymx n {hl, YxY ~plrx n {hl. al~Y~plrx n {hl. YxY rx n {hl. al~Yrx n {hl. lv Yx Y n al~Y Yn x.

vj, R~ lll{Yyxp v- v lYf [p, yrxp lll{Yyxp v-nv lYf [p, aY}M djx lll{Yyxp v-v l Yf [p aY} ~rM|x lll{Yyxpv v l Yf [p, aY} ~rM|x l Yf[p Urp xK ~rxY YY UrY}{Y Nn A n lll{Yyxp v v l Yf [p,R~ p Rzx. yrxp p Rzx. aY}M

djx p Rzx, aY} ~rM|x p Rzx,aY} ~rM| l{p xK K x xl ~rxY YY


51/85

50

UrY}{Y {x n W n p Rzx. W p Rz -p[z - pv Rp{ {|xp tzvp p{l

rarp~Zpox p {vf xl. rpMu{xf l{pp { A l}jlv n rp {p x. (W~ rp{ X[) Yxnymx n rp {l. al~Y nymxn rp {l. YxY ~plrx n rp {l, al~Y~plrx n rp {l. YxY rx n rp {l.lv Yx ~rx n, al~Y ~rx n x.

v xK t vY {x n Wx v ~v[ v {x.xmul { ~YzrxY {x n Wx v ~v[ ~Yzrxx.xmul { (Rll) xK {xvxY v {x n Wx v~v[ {xvx x. xmul { xK ~xY v {x n, Wxv ~v[ ~ pK {x.

rmvxp v v[ Yx YMvx {Y YMvx R{x(r{l) ~r~ {x {x. v~ v[ RMxR}f[Y vM[ u{p{ rrMjl{xf x. v~RMx R}f[Y vM[x {vp X[ ~ly ~rGgpu{px rrMjl{xf xl. ~ly Snrn u{p{rrMjl{xf xl. rDpx u{p{ rrMjl{xfxl. ra tz u{p{ rrMjl{xf xl. ~rlto[ u{p{ rrMjl{xf xl.

vlv xK oMvx p r~x xl n AoMvxp p r~x. (R{to Yyx) xK oMvx p rYfxll n A oMvxp p rYyx. xK oMvx p{x xll n A oMvxp p {hx. xK oMvx p~Y}l Yfxll n A oMvxp p ~Y}l Yyx.

vj, Y{ypK oMvx p r~x xlln? rarp~Zpox xx x xl x. A vp{n xl? yr Urp~Ypox, ~dd Urp~Ypox,~Zy Urp~Ypox, dj Urp~Ypox x. KoMvx p r~x xll . R{to Yfxll )

vj, Y{y pK oMvx r Yfxll n?


52/85

51

Rn{ u{ lj{ x. K oMvx prYfxll .

vj, Y{y pK oMvx p {x xll n?~vm nM|p x. K oMvx p {x xll .

vj, Y{y pK oMvx p ~Y}l Yfxlln? n{ ~ vYx x. K oMvx p ~Y}lYfxll .

~l - ]j - N - Yx - vp xp Spxxprtq{l rM{xp r v nl xl x.

~yj {r - Sz Yzrx 1972

lp z{ np R~

r{lK Yzx Sl Y tp lxp [l U~~ rxcpxY zv ~q Y xl x vp{p xYl {{p[p ~ x xll. Wl W{{fvY R{ x Yyp t{Y p rp. lxpYlY Y zt{l Wx p R{~m{f rvjY ~vYy ~r ~ vpY xnp l ~vxY Rr Sx Rl.Y v vp~Y Rr~YK{z l{p ~{ppY t{

p {fK l{p ~r rtq {~ YY zK~~~p Rl. YxY vp~Y rhp{zf [y v~l{ lx x ~{yrxf Rp{ ~ {pp. Url ~v`~Y~ R Wv x ~{yrxp ~r ztp RYyxfx Yy{p ly l ~p~zz ~MmY vY p N.v rp{p Y ~r xp Rx{~YK vp~Y x~{yrxpf Rp{ ztp RYy Y [K Yvx t

rxjp {p~ ~p vpp rz Yy Rl. ~lpvl{p oMv ~{yrxp Yf~ nYYf t Y - ~r


53/85


54/85

53

~` r~ vn R { Yl{f Rp{ Wp n|p{ SrlYyp alx R t rxj Wx rtq v~, vj,

Y{yY K rN lll{x ~rM|x UrYyxprz { p [ n?

W~ v Y{yY Y [p xv zY ~r r{p{ zY tv zY Rx ~rM|xp p [ n? xK~ nY} vzYyxY hxp {Mjxp xl vzlv [ vz vz{ RzYy Yy [v ~q ly[ppn Wvp lv[ l ~p~zz vlYyp ~l~ t

rY}Y oMv pv U~~ oMvxp ~rM|x UrYyxpp [ n? xp rpx [m{p Srl Y .

Y Sv rg c~~ - xvzY a Sv ~n{YY oKv rn ~n~l- Y~z rrr{ r{~~,

rpxY {|xp [m{p vx Srl Y t rxjWxf rly { |Y} rn[zx W ~x Yyj~rM|xp p [pp t{ x.

~Z rg c~~ - xvzY a Sv ~n{Y~Z oKvrn ~n~l - Y~z rrr{ r{~~

~Z pp p{x {p rlY} K r{lxnp rp rn[zx x. ~l vl{p o ~{yrxp[p xl ~rM|{zp Y ~r ly p RrxfRxl ~l ~{yr ~, {, tv R ~r r{p~mp{zf Rxl ~l ~{yr X ~p p [pp t{vxp rp{x. ~l rtq lyK [v u{p{p zt[l xl |Yx. {p rlY} v ~q lx xvY xl |z - ~v - r xp |Y}lx n u{p{p~Y~ Yypp. W u{pN xnp x[x Ryvjvp Yyp ~l Yz| K xnp f ~lf[z Wp zu, n}, v R oMvxp ~l rhpxf rlYyp t{ Xf {f. rg xp rnx r{ pv

~q x {apxY p { ~rM|x ln [x p {rnx. Rr xp vY ~rM|x pv ~q x


55/85


56/85

55

yno { x Yyv ~q xnp oMv ~{u{x.vv oMv ~{u{x WY ~l x{f rlK Ryvj

S{l v Ryvjp S{l v ~q ~l N[xpx Yyp R{~m{f rl N. Wv ~{yrx x[{ayxppp ~n} ~l xp{. ~l x ~{yrxWz~p pp Xf pp pnpx p S{~x ~{yrx tz{l rh{Y vl Yyx. vv ~{yrx ~l{zprh p ~l{xpf R zY Rlyp Rxrop lpY [. l{ n ~p R~y R ~l{ x{zn vv ~{yrx ~l{zp ztp pnpxp . vvnM|px R~{p x[x lv np Wv ~n} ~l yx,~p, R~y xp Rlv{zf Rxl t{ lyK [pp RlyWv ~l ~{yrx r{lp Yzx l lv q{pp nWv u{{zf Rxl pnpxY t{ lyK [. K ~xzzp[vf x[{ayxf UrYy {x ~lp ztp~rM|x o unx x.

Wv oMv ~{yrxp S{l Yyp ~l r{l{px[x[ ~l ~v ~{yrxf rl N. Wx rpvY vlYyp ~l ~{yrx. Wv rpv ~l r{p r~ YKrvjxf vlN. rp{p [ vl Yyp ~r pnpxpztp alM vycY n{ Rlv{zf Rxl t{ p[vf Wv ~l UrYy {p Rly Wv ~l ~{yrx r{pYzx l lv q{pp {vx ~rxY t{ X lyK[. vx Yv{ay Y~z ~l pp p{x. vv ~v

~lf {p zY {|xp vp~~ zYx {zY~x {p Rl. ~vxp ~l op lll{xf rl { fW r {pp ll NYx. Wv lll{xf rlvp~Y~ {p op ~lf {p zY yr{ay tv zYpp p{x. vv op ~l ~rM| vf ~vl {px[{ayx Wv ~l r{p Yzx l lv ppyr{ay tv zYxf Rxl ~rx t{ X lyK [.

vxp vllf ~l xj K xnp f Yx rtq~ vY p p ~x r{p lll{xY ~l


57/85

56

U N. Ryr{ay Y~z ~l pp p{p ~{yrxvl { ~l Ryr{ay tv zYxf Rxl {{. Wv ~l

~{yrxp vl{p ~p~zz uY p x[{ayxlv Ryr tv ~rx uY p t{ lyK [. v~x {fK ~lp ztp ~rM|x rvjxp p [lt{ p rz x.

vv ~x ~rM|xp[p zl Y ~r unxp~xzz zYxf Rxl N. Wxp zY ~rx ~v~l ~f ~Y~ {ppY t{ x[xf rz N.

~Z rg c~~ - xvzY a Sv ~n{Y

xp [m rn{zf Rxl Yf~ Wxp ~v N.

v~ zY ~rl ~l ~y{p ~r pnpxpztp x[{ayx Wv pnpxp[ Rl - YZ- Rplv~{yrxp Y[K x{ vl Yyx. vv nM|px~rGgp ~lx Y{p oKvpr~~p{f Rxl

N. {yj rJtx ~f al~l nM|px lY Yf~{|xp nM|p ztp x[{ayx[ ~l YvpYz {ra~Ypox rtq YzK ~{yrxf rl{ppf rfp[. vv lll{xf v ~l vx{p x[xflv[ ~x r{p Ryvj ~ly Yx - Nnp - ll- oKv xp ~ly Uh r{p t{ vp {x. Rply {~vY rop ~l ~Y~ R ~ nM|px {x. Wvpv |no Spx r~ p { tz oMv{zf rl Rt{ n. Wz~p np ~l N ~{yrx lp nptFo[ {l tnx vlvf R{| R[ ~l Rt{ np x[x Wv vp~Y ~{yrx xn{p RMxvM[ Rf X~~ ~l vx{p{ Rl. {p rlY}vf UrYy {p vv R[ Rfp xl Mn} vM[nM|px nY{ ly p [l Wv |no oMv ~{u{xpl ~p~zz U vf UrYy x.

vv oMv nM|pxf rl {x A A oMvxp[p ztp~rM|{z UrYyx. vzYyx vz ly[pp z~p


58/85

57

vn lv[ lx ~r{l Yyp oMv ly [l t{vxp rz x.

~Z oKvrn ~n~lY~z rrr{ ra~~

xp rgxf Rxl Yf~ Wxp rzx.

vv [m{p ztp Rn~ n~ tzp f ~fWv lxp zx Rx{~YK lv[ rlY}xfnv [l t{ rp. W{ U~~ Rx{~YK Rlx p rp n ~v` xnv RY~z YMvxp [tzrK{zp v ~{ppY t{ { xl{ Rl.

~yj Sz Yzrx 1972

YMv rl{Y}jx

WY ~vxY t ycjp {p~ yc[ p{yN{px YznY {rx {h {~p ~Y.W~vx Rx}vl yz lyj{ RKtzGY{ {h{~. SY t ~p ~vx sz ~v{p p`~f RKtzGY{ {h {~p yz lyp {lWx . typ y v Wp{ f yz ly p

R~pY rp{ x n [p{p lt . R~px {hpt yp[ rn n{ . Rply { typ vp Yf {qWYlr~Y p .

SY t ycjp {p~ ~{zr { {ly YY xtp S Yf Rx}vl yz lyp Rvl; yzXtf rpp{ n K x tp S tp x Y?W~x ~{, Wvp v yz xvYf p p ty

K zFc{Y plpK X[ |vjl{xl v~ v~{zrx x r{~ .


59/85

58

Rply { t S x q tpp S{l Yf yzlyp Rvl; yz Xtf rp{ p N n S x

Yl S{l Y {[? W~x ~{, yz, v~v xvYfp ty K zFc{Y plpK X[ |vjl{xlS{l Yyp znnY {x x rY| Y .

SY { u[{lp {p~ x tp vp pvRx}vl yz lyp Rvl, yz, Xtf rpp{ pN n p x tp vp pv tp{? W~x ~{,Wvp v yz xvYf p p ty K zFc{Y

ppK, X[ vjYvl K {[ v vp pvp znnY{x x n~ .

yz, Xt npp{ n vj tzp Yjjx Rrxcpx? ~{, rY} v ~q x. Wvp vyz rl{Y} Yf (p{p ~zY) Yxp (|yxp)Yfxl Y xl x. rl{Y} Yf {np Yfxl Yxl x. rl{Y} Yf ~p Yfxl Y xl x.

yz, Xt xK YfxllY Yxp Yyp YvllpK A XJ YxYMvx rl{Y} Y xl x. v[ KYxYMvx Rlv~{ r~ r{ n, ry~{ r~r{ n, nrY}x v R{h r~ r{ n vx Y rY[p np RY~z Yx YMvxY n xp{. yz, W~rY~p f Xtf rp{ pK A Yx YMvx lvpfl,Rppfl R{h r~ r{p RY|z Yx YMvxY x,

Wt Yx YMvx Xt ~p p Y xl x. Sp A YxYMvx lvp Rpp xp nrY}x v l r~ r{pY|z x{Y x Xtf {f pK A x{ Y xl x.

yz Yypp{ n Xt ~p A Yx YMvx ~ vp{p ~zY Y xl x. W Xtf {fp{ pK lvYyp Yx YMvx nrY}xf v {h R ~r rY npY|zxY z~ W{ x Y xl x.

yz, Yf R{~p { r~ n Xt ~p A YxYMvx rl{Y} Y xl x. W~ rl{Y} K


60/85

59

Xtf rp{ pK lv Y A Yfxll lvp, Rpp xpnrY}x v R{h r~ r{p p q x{Y z~

yz, Wt Yx YMvx Xt ~p |~l{p~ Yy p{jllp Yy ~tK~yp (-WYf tvax{ ~yppp) Yy n~x xl x. rYfY xl x. W~ n~ r Yf Rx ~{y x(-Rp[lx {yn pYyp t{) rx xl x. Spyz Xt W~ rl{Y} K lv Y A Yx YMvxnrY}x v l r~ r{p ~t rY np Y|zxY

x {f pK yz, Wv r rvnxp v xl { -n{z Y|z oMvxp Rp{ Yvp {~x Yy{.

W~ v yz, {apxp ~p n Yfxl Kv~ v rl{Y} Yf Y xl x. W ry vplv Y A {a~Y vp~Y Yfxl q tN {fpK A r ~Kp~p - n{z Y|z oMvxp Yvp{~x Y xl x.

yz, Rlx ~ vj tvjp lvp[ YxY,{a~Y, vp~Y YMv r~ Yy [ll K RYyxp x.Rp[lxl, {Mlvpxl W~v x.

Wtp yz, rl{Y} Yf, rl{Y}Yf Yx YMv r~ Yy[pp, rl{Y} Yfrl{Y} Yf {a~Y YMv r~ Yy [pp.

rl{Y} Yf, rl{Y} Yf vp~Y YMv r~Yy [ppvx Xt ~p Yx xl x.

rp{l, t ycjp {p~ { K oMvx XtflWY ~ v {h xY x. Wtp rl{Y} (-p{p~zY tzv) pv K Yjjx rD Yf XJ{y Rly [pvf Rn v Rfp Yy [pp.


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60

~yj yl 1976

t R~ ry lp RYv

t ~Da a ~rrapx a ~~Yl~u~l a x {aWl v[z vllv

K [m{f ~Kv {|xp tp RMmxv~ x :- t R~ ry lp R t{ n, |zr vn, vp{ Yvj px R t{ n, xK {apxY ~u|l pKWx v n xp Kx UlK v[zxY N xp{. ryvMm{|xp K [m{ [p v~ tzp f vl{ Wp RMm

~Krlx, vxf Sl [m{ p [r.u{px[{ ~p nxp[ ~l p op

lll{xf rl{ Rl. W~ v p{j vx{ lv lvpzt [p tp ~rx Y~ l{y Yypp n xppv~p ~p R{~m{f Ww Rl. {pl {apxpxpp pK p n{y nM|p u{p{ Ryw Rl.

~l r{lp ~r lll{x }jx Yf zx

oMvl rY p x[{ayxp ~p p [p ~.ra{yj pp npp K oMv ~rx ~yvf Shp {~ ltx. K oMv, ~p Rl Yf ~r ~{yrx~y rnpvY vl [h p` [v ~q x[{ayxpft ~Da xp{p t R~ ry lp R Yy [lxl t{ tycjp {p~ ~p Rp-p { ~Y.p{j vx{ {h [v ~q Yyj Yyj p

[v Slvl R{| {x. v t|l Yvx xppptzryll {pp YvY n? ~Ypoxp [ R v,


62/85

61

r{lv, p v [p pvY J pK ~l vl {p~r {~ ltp oMvxp p Yy [l x. t|l {ppf

vp x[{ayxf v p [vf xpp YvYn? X ~p zt R ~rx l{y{f ~Ypo-ol-Rxlp, xp o ~Y~K [p pvY zt [l xl x.v ~Ypox xp{p ra~Ypox p{x.

1. yr ~Ypo2. Nnp ,,3. ~ ,,

4. ~Zy ,,5. dj ,,

K ~Ypo raYx YvY YM n , ~Ypo raYxWYlvp p [vx, xp R{~m{ r Yyx. aYZSpx-{l R~ RyvjY ~v` [G. K [v ~R~ {p Sl ~xK yr{z azp vY f [. Kazpx WYly yl vY R Yyx. K ylv WYly

KvY {l R|YxY {x. K lc~ nxl n{lyrx Tf Rpyr{ azpx Y Rj{Y azpxYyx. K azpxl ~v` v WYly lc~Y Y|px{ppf rfp [.

W~ v Ryvj [vl ~v` R~ R { azpxvpol{ {l vxn WYly azpxY R

Yyx. vx yr azpx ~ {p lc~ n{l yrxYy {Wx. n{l yrx R { yl v vpol{ Yy{ Wx. K nYv [vl ~v` v pvx, xp |Yx~l{x l r {x. yr, Nnp, ~, ~Zy, djxp ~Ypo raYx ~ K |Yx R {p K Rp{ x[{ayx p [. K p [vl ~v`vx[{ayxf vx YpY ~p Yyp Yy{p

nxY p{, yx~x v ~no {p nxY x xp {fvR {x. Yyp YpY pv t{l, ~xzzvl{Y-szxY {|xp ~{p t{l, p{p vp


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Yyp x[{ayx K ~xzz v R Rplv ~{u{xnppf rfp [. Rplv ~{u{ {fl {fl

v l-~Z-Rlv {|xp [vf nxY S p{pt{n, R{to {ppf rfp [. K Rp{ vlY l-~Z-Rlv {|xp rpp tj ~{yrx {p{fx[{ayx Rl-YZ- Rplv {|xp ~xzznppf rfp [.

v~ ~Ypo {|xp tzp x[{ay lK, `fol {|xp tzx. rg, Rr, lc, {x {|xp

ol ~{ {yK {x. K ly v ol rlv ~djx r {p x[{ayx v~ n. ln~{yrx rg {|xp pN. yr YzrxY l{l yrYzrxY ~v` [v ~ ylvY, lc~Y p`pp,W R rg [jx ~x. K ylv ~ W azpxYR {pp x. xvY azpx {pp W R tyz {lRr [jx l Yf [p x. K azpx, lc~Y vl

Yyx. K lc~ nl {pp Rp lpY azpxY RYyx. {x [jx K Rp lpY p`p azpxf UrYy{x. K Rp{ ~lp x[{ayx [v, nnK, ylK,rK xp K ~ly v olp x{ ~ djxr {p lyK [. djx ~ly v ul~v r {p t{l, Wx Yyp Yy{p YpYpv t{l {f [. K {fvl ~v`v Rplv~{yrx lyK [p ztpp { x[{ayx l-~Z-Rlv {|xp [pp { lv[ Gx {p~ Yyx.

v~ ~Ypo {|xp ol {|xp djxr {p np x[{ayx K x{ ~v RxlpxYr~v nx. R~, Yp, {, p~x, |yx ~ vxxp Rxlp X~~ ~Ypo {|xp ol {|xpdjx r Yyp x{, xm r nppf rfp [.

vx nl-nl Rlx YZx- Rplvx xp {fvYvp Yvp X Yy rjx. vx v[zxY{l Xf ~r ~rx np YyjY {x.


64/85

63

`f nxp[ ~r l{y{ ~q ~rra|zrx vp{ p [l xl xx Rpp { ~Y. vp

z~ |zrx p [v ~r l{y Yyp YMxxY {x.v x[{ayx ~p nl xl { |zrx Y{Mn?|zrx xp xv Yvx p [p Ul R{~mN xvyjx [p lv[ pv YMx ~opx r~ {hf[vx. p |zrx rj lpll, lv pp rDYf Rl R szxY pGff n szx v x. Yh|zrx rp lpll, ~vY Yf p[p ~lyrycx Yyx. v x[{ayx ~Ypo ol Rxlp

{|xp zt [p Rll { pv vp z~ rDxf[p ~~ R{~m{f ~~ yjx [p ~x RuvlMmx~ [v ~q nY} z~ lv pv xn{x. lv pvSlvl ~xK z~ xnvp lvp[ ~r~ ~y {pt{ tycjp {p~ { ~Y.

p x[{ayx djx r {p RYyx rtq~lvx pxp xYl {x. K rtq t R~-ry

lp R lK A pv {hf [p ~Ypo vM[xpdjx r {p x ~{yrx nx. W~ v, rg-Rr-lc-{x xp ol rlvp djxr {p x ~{yrx n. |ixlp vM[xp, KnxYyxp djx r {p x ~{yrx nx.~x pv Urx[ Yf [p, K x{f t~px[{ayx Wxp zx xl RMm ~nx tzx. K x{f

t~l v vzp zt [l pv ~y {x. Yyp Yy{p YpY pv t{ {fx. Rplv ~{yrxrlY} {x. l-~Z-Rlv {|xp [ll { {yv r{ [~ Rl-YZ-Rplv {|xp RllK lll{xf rl {x.

p{l pxa ~~Yl. Wl v[z vllvxp{p tycjp {p~ nxpf { ~Y.

vp z~ Yv, vlp Xtf vl ~rxY ~zx,xp v vlrf lyvx. K R{~mN x[{ayx


65/85

64

vp z~ Yvp px vp zx ~rxY{M n? p djx r {p RYyx [p |zrx

pxp n xYlx. yr-Nnp-~- ~Zy R|xpddjx r {pp Y~n, rg, Rr, lc,{x vM[xp djx r {pp Y~n, KnxYyx v Urx[ Yf [p aYZ Rxlp R~ypdjx r {pp Y~n? ~lxlpx R~ypdjx r {pp K Rp{ |ixlpv R~y Yf[p djx r {pp Y~n xp x[{ayx n.

K ~xK ~nov p [v ~q x[{ayx vpYvY R Yy [l xl x. vp YvY p f, Slvl~xK Rpnp Yyp K Yx Y [vf Xf px. vp{ Y, ~xvxp xl{, ~l n~ tz ~px[{ay lK R{- p{ xpp { djxxv ~{yrx vpp p [. K np f vlYr[p lt l ~{u{x Yvp [zppf rfp[. Rl, YZ, Rplv ~{yrx Yvp {fppf

rfp [. {fv ztlv x[{ayx[ ~rx l{ l{ll{y {p ~{yrxf rl {x. ~u ~l a x{ a -Wl v[z vllv p{l tycjp {p~ xK ~u~l{apxY {x pK Wxn Xtf ~r r~ {pp xx {~Y. ~u~l {apx, v ~r r~ {pp Y~n?tnx Rp{ ~l{xp Yf~ lpYf tn. p tnY,vov tnY ~ Ullv tnY xp K lp Yf~x.

Ullv {l U~~ tnxY R lpll { {fp~ {x, lv[ pv vpp x{f p vp Urvrsz zt [. vov tnY p tnY Rx ~x vx{f p`K Rhrh R{y vl x x. K Rx~q rfp ztp R{{n Slvl {n[l {x. ~lrtq Slvl ~xK [xY v yl{ ~p Kx[{ay r~ Rly, K o vGfv x[{ayx{. K vp~Y [x xv [ ~{yrx Y [lpp x[{ayxp Un~ tycjp {p~ ~pUl R{~mN np ztp R{{nx v xv vp~Y


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67/85

66

ryr n~ {~arJta Yl rddl

Rll ~Kv raWl v[z vllv

K [m{f ~Kv {xp rl rl R Rylv~x. ~~ rn|xY ~v n, ry Y rp R t{n, ~l vp{ rfv n xp vx UlK v[zxY N.v v[z ~lx Wp n{ [m{ vx {x. vxR~{pa....... xp{p Y{ vz [m{ ~v` ~KtpoxY

p ~{yrxY K RMmYmpx ~ {ppx. WpY{p { R{{n{zxY z~ K RMmYmpx ~ {pp {{n,ryvMm {|xp v~ tzp f p` Wp RMm ~KrlxfRp{ Sl [m{ K [m{ WYf t [p RRYyxY vp { rz {x. v rv{p Wp rnx{pp ryr xppx. r+yr xppp Rp+ yr xpRyl ztppx. v p`p r|px {pp yr

YvY n xppx. vxf rv ~YDb Y [m{p zu-nN} np MvYl {n, |no-~-yx-~v-rdxp rao [j[{zp ~u ~Krpp{ |Yvl {n,ll ~{yrxY p [llv. nxp ` pf nvp{pp vxYyxf {p~ , ~Y~ [l ~v [lll ~{yrx. r-yr {l Rpyr Rp{ xpppRn~ Yyp, v~ yrrpx {l {p~ ~v

[l{ [x ~lx. {p~ { RYyxf Rp{ {p n~xY ~vUlK ~rxY v nppx, xppp YvY Rn~ YMn? v yrrpx [x ~l xx [l f, ~lf {~x~z~pp [l {l |yx t{ Rr nv. ~v lll{xf[x ~l r{lp ~r ~{yrxf |yxp p`p RN[~ Y x YY x. R~-Yp-{-p~x- |yxxp rpxxpf ~{p ztp pxYl RyKvj

l Yf [p ~l r{lp K ~r ~{yrxf}jx pv ~q rpxxp RyKvj Rzz [pp~{yrxp {p~ x xl {ppx. rpxxp


68/85

67

RyKvj [K ~{yrxp {p~ {pp ~l oplll{xf rvp r~{x. ~l opxf rlvp r~

ty RyKvjxp ~ ~l r{lp ~r vGfvf ~xY ~ pN. v op lll{xf rlv ~qzu-nN}- ~Zl rr oMv{zp MvYl { ~lrp-rp R~y v {l vp v Yy [p xxl {x. v~ Yyp zn Ru~ R x[{ay lKop xx xp zp ~l WY RyvjY lK yx~y{f rl {ppx. v~ l yx~ y{f {lopxf rl vl ~v`v, |yxp [p ztp RN[p[pp ~l ~r vGfv }jx p{p r~yxY~nppx. v~ ~l r{lp ~r vGfvf ~vR{yxY YynyxY p Wz~p v r{l{ [p xvfvp UlK ~rxYv ztppx. K Rp{ ryrn~ {~a xp{p r{~j ~l ~r ~{yrx}jx p{p r ~l op [l Yf, [yx ~~z~{u{xf rl Yf zv t{ {ppx.

rJJa Yl rddl - Wl v[z vllv xp `rnxx. vxf ~Kvx Wp RMmx {ppry Yyp znrp R t{, UlK v[zxY N xppx.

rJJa Yl rddl - {l ry Yyp zn rpxp{p `pp YvY n? rp xp ~r ` Yy npoMvl{x. zY ~Kvlx Rp{ [p tzp f, [ y

- ShYhK - xp {p - ~lYy [yYy ztpp rp{plxY z~ rfp tz t f yjx YypzJ. Wl YlyK {~l ~KuyxY z{ n, YlY~r lx xpp yjx v Slvl Rr~ Yx.nrz- ShYhK- z vnz RxYy [p ~p tnpY Y-Nnp{zp ryj l [l Yyp ~Rr nv. Wv ~ {~l{ ztpp rp R Rxf v

p{p t{ r[l xlx. Wp nYpf ztp ~nxYUyjxY {|xp [p tzvp vx vpp rz{ppx. yrxz nzY}xY zlx pvY YpYf


69/85

68

Rjx. X K vnz xn{ [-y- ShYhK- xp{p [ppf rfp [llx. ShYhK [vp r~

uYx [v ~q `f X ph xp RYyjxfxvf ~x. RYyj Yfxl ~q |z vnz {x YX R{~px yrxz nzY}xY R{~p Yf zxf[l ~x [y ShYhK Rxl , ry lt ~rvGfvp n r Rpl Nnp ~[l ~{yrxYf rlx.

W~v, yrxz zY}xY ztj l{l YpY Slvlr{pl z~ A vnz xnx. X vnz xn{ RYyx

~ ~v YynyxY X r~ r~~ pWx. vxpX [ ~r vGfv { x. ShYhK, z vnz vppYj x.

K nnp[p rp tj Y `n xpp Rrf~l[l YYx. rp tj, r{p vnz ryjxY Y lpll `x. r{ xp { yjx [vfR x{x. |Yxx. {y yjx [vf |Yx

zt lpll ~r ppx. Wv ~ ~r ztpp r{plx x xp yjxf Rr Wx xlx. ~r ztpprp pK, rp xx p{p ztpp r{x. ry Yrp xp{p Wv ~ v Y{pp rM{x ~fy Yy [p ry Yy [p R { yjx [K|Yx {l r{x. zu-nN}- ~Zl rr oMv{zply{, op[l ~lf r{ {l {y yj [K

|Yx WYl vp UlK ~rx, ~zp t{ tycjp{p~ n|p Y ~Y.

K R{~mN, x[{ayx[ ~lf r{ WYlvp ~z~p zux Y{M n? op[l, Wlr{ r{ px ~l ~lly ~l xp ppp{x. ~lly ~l {l op lll{xf Wwj ~lf x[{ayx vlp r{ x v~

ptN op ~rxp v ~vf rl { W v ~.t x[{ayx K lll{xp ~vf rl{ Spzx ~rx Wzt [p ~vf rl{. Wl


70/85

69

tnolrnxp r~ opxp XJt rpj { RUllv ~rxY Rp{yjx x. r{, ~~ R{~m{

xnvp K ~rx zt [vf {yK ztp t{ Wlvf. ~lly ~lf r{ WYl vl ~v` Wx Rplly~lYf ryppx. op ~lf re{ xnvpx[{ayx ~p zt [p tp ~r vGfv, ~yn,R~yn r{lp n, pr{lp n xpp v~ {yjx [p ztppx. opxp ztp ~rx ~y~rxY p{p t{ X nYpf rfp [. K ~r~l R~y ~{yrx v~K Xf A ~l l{vl

RK Yyp ~{yrx {l RYM}j ~{yrx tpt{ {fppx. A v~ YvDbpnx pK { KRYM}j [x ~p R~ Yyppf tzx. W~ v X ~llz Yyp ~{yrx {l; RrYM}j [x tp t{n p{p n. Y nN} ~{yrx {l {rn pK {RrYM}j ~{yrx ~p R~ Yy [ppf tzx. l{n, ~rx~ ~rxp v vl{ [l [xp {p {f Wwp

~{yrx tp t{ n. Y Rp~x UnoDa xx ~r~x rp [x R~Yyppf tzx. R{~px K ~rxztp Yvx n, {yn, K ~q {pl vM[xY p nxp ~l ~YxY R t{ n. Y, Db pK { ~Y~{yrxf ~l rl{ppf p ~p A R~ Y xl t{fyjx {x. ~rx {~ ltpp { K oMvl{xp r~{p [l {pp x[{ayx ~p r{ xv~ tzvp rvj. K v~vp r~ { yjx[v ~q r{ xx p{p rp rf {ppx. vxUlK ~rx l{y Yyp ztppx.

vlp, x[{ayx l{ S~N{Y ~lvx{ppx. vlY x[{ayx {hp ~x~vm u{p{x. ~vm u{p{p [l ~l nYv ~vpx ~l [ ~{yrx rz{ nYp lll{xf

rj. tycjp {p~f ryl{ vp~ WY` Yx[{ayx lv Yx ~vm u{p{p p{l{.~vmxp XJt xvY pf Wlv vp~ yrrpx {p


71/85

70

{l {p~ {p t{Y pnYp Ryr{ay lll{xfrj ~vf rl{. tycjp {p~ p XJtf n [x

~Y. ~vmxp r~ r{ WYl Yy tzvp, ~l l{ l{l[ Yy tzp x Yf ~Y. v~ vp z~l [ Yyp tzv nM|p xp{p p{p zJ.

vlp x[{ayx ~vmxp XJtf [~nM|p{f Wwp R{~m{x.

K [m{ ` rnx {pp Rll ~Kvra- Wl v[z vllv xppx. l vp{ rfv

UlK v[zxY N xp{p ~Kv {|xp vxRMm Rllx. v Rll xppp r+Rll xplp ~xpv lv xp lyv [l x. lvp {p{pv Slvl p ~p~p v UlK ~rxf YyjY{x xp lyv v [l x. v , ~l opR{~m{f rj Rl. Spxxp n Ryvj p[pplll{xf rj Rl. [l-~l nYv v~ ~p~p Yy

[vp UlK ~rx v ~z~x. l ~p~p YyppY~ n Sl ~qp ra {yj oMvxp ~l vl{[vf Sh plt r{ vx{ Wx R~ Yf[vp ~l Rll { p~p~pYv v` [~~l ~p~p {ppx. W~v, rpxxp ~p [p ztpRyvj p[p ~vp l{n, ~p~p {x. v~ [l -~l lt [v UlK ~rx zt np YyjY x.

Sl Wp {yjxf Rp{ ~zY tzp f, K[m{ RMmx Slvl ~Yp v~ Yx x.

zu - nN} ~Zl rr oMv{zp {p{ [l~v lll{xf rl { ~l r{lp ~r vGfv, Ypv ~q ~lf {~x ~z~p [l, Tf ~~ ~mpxYYy [l xlx. rpxxp[p [p ztp RyKvj, Rzzp[pp r ~l op R{~m{f rlvp ~l~r lll{x [f v r{ppx. v~ aaz p{p~{yrxf [l ~l nYv ~Y~ Yy [vp r~ K ~l


72/85

71

r{ WYl Yf, ~l p{l rY~v Ryx xlx. KrY}jx nYpf ztp ra {Mj oMvxpf ~l

~r ~{yrx {p~ vf Sh plt, ra {yjoMvxp Rl Yf [l - ~l nYv ~p~p Yy [vpUlK ~rx U {ppx.

~yj r~p Yzrx 1975

lp Nzf v np npplp Nzf v np vf Xt xll, WY NzY{l

v ~rx [pp tv Rvy{ xp ~oyjRn~ Sl vlY{ x{p XJ ~lf yx~xp vp`ppf r{p. Rllp v XJ ~lf RN SlvlxY ~[l Rn~.

Un rp Nz ~f Sy t~ xp - lyv RyNzY ~rx [K Rn~p Xt v vp~xY nypYpY x x. prlv Ul~xp {h Yf,n{~ rxY zt, Ry Nz ~Krnpx Yy [ppYx x. YMxzxY, YMvpl |z{Y { {plRxlpxY {h Yf v~rl ztp Nlpxp RyNz ~Krnpx Yy [ppY x x. W~ v Kt

Yy [l Sh Yhvp ztp RxK vM[xp Ry Nz~Krnpx Yy [ppY x x.

Sl Y{y [jxYf Rxl YpY {{, Xt YvpRYyxp YK K, RK - rK, Jl-l, SK-fK xp ~{ r~x ~rx [ppY x xl x. ny r{zYr}jx Yyp rxY pK, Y~ Xt Rwny{p~q ~{ r~x ~rx np rx. YlyK R[- YK

ltp n, K ~{ r~x ~rxK YMx Xt Rp pYh{v~ {ppx.


73/85

72

Xt Rwny{p r}jx Yypp, pYyv tYfxllY Yyp YpY vp Nnp{p xl{ n,

t Y - vp~xp xvY ~rx [p [f WpXtf ny{p rppp vy{p z~ n, Xt K [p~ll, ~ll, p`pp rhpxY n-lyY n, Xtf v~prl v rhY ~lY R {pp pK Wx YlyKR{~p{pl YvY n?

W~ p{, Xt Rw ny{p r}jx Yypp zYalxY {|xp n, xlYvY {|xp n, al vv v{{, Yvllp ~ {pp pN. XJ RYvll ltpn, al ry v Rr~xf R[y{xf R{vpxf,lh np ~ Xtf A Sf vf ~ {x. lv[ pKt{,[y{x, q pv Rvy{p RyY} Yy [v~q Xt W~ Yypp x. Wl Rllp v Xt Yxlv nxY Nnp ~{yrxp Yypp.

v~ rYf { RrYf{ p`p Nnp{Y~v` ny{p r}jx K XJ ~l vl {ppnN}x. ly. Yrx. n{~ { Nz{Y v~nN}xp r~vf ~ v Rllp v vv R{~p{plYv.

Xt ny vzzpf ~{ r~x ~rxpp ny{p p {h [p, Xt v{ - t{ [x Yz, Un{ - rn{[K Rn~ ~l R{ n, ny{p { [l r~ ~r~Krl zt [vf n, ~{ r~x ~rxp v f v Xt KDlp{p xYl {pp pK, Xt vl Yy [ll vtzryll{. ln zu Dlp{. lvp [ ny{p,lvp Rn~ Yyp r{f ~Y~ x xl x xp Rn~t nvrxp l r{pp x. v[ rl U[lYx xlx. U~~ x{Y Y xlx. K K RYyxfR{ - { x xlx xp vp~Y ~z~vY [ppnvrx{y A ~z~vf Rp{ Wxv tzryll{p

x Yy. t R{~m{z K ~z~v xlvY{pp pl. ny{ Rp ~{yrxYf h [~. Wxp


74/85

73

nvrx vl Yp[f{f Nnp{f r~yxf rl{. l{. {zr.

v~ Nnp{f rl {x Y{y l{Y ~ n, YhYz ~f v ny{p ~ ~l v{ [l lntz zu Dlp{~x. ny{p[p ~r ztv, ~Krl ztv. [y{x ztv- lpp - vpp ztv. xp n~Y n zt [K zuDlp{ R{~px Nnp{ l{z Yp~~zzY vnp ~{yrxf ryppx.

Sl ~qp Y r nN}xp zuxp

ly{ prl nvrxp[p Sf {p K UlK Yx SfY pYY n- zu nN} lntz RY~z ~l t{ ppv, A RY~zx v [zpp Rx? rj ~{yrxYvl {p Rpnvf K v` Yx Sf Y pYYn? RY~z Dlp{Y v vl Yyp K Yx vvRr ~p Yyp ztpp WY ~lxY {f [vfRr Ul~ pv ~x. Rll pvl, Rllf

v Rp{ Yzrp pvl ~ v~ Y ~{yrxf{fpYyxp Yfxl ~z~ [ppv. v R ~lxlyvY {l {f [vf rxlp nypp pK, ~lxvYzrp Yypp pK, K Y ~{yrx ~r ~{yrxfr{Mlpx Yy [v z~xp v Y YY x.

ny{p rtq K ~lx YvY n, ny{p n, nvrxpvp v ~~yx pxYl Rx{~YK R{,

Rx{~YK zt [p [vp Yyp ztp r~. ~~y[vp n, Yyp zn rj - Rrj YMvxp ~ oRx{~YK zt R r~. v~ pxYl l Rl|Yp [p Yy [p xp [vp Xt - Rr `f n rj~. ny{p ~p Yyp ztpp WYly ry, oMvxpryp xp [vp. Wv ~ nvrxp ~p ny{p[ry ~{yrxp [p ~v v~vY lvY pYf,RllpvY z~ ny{pf ~z~K ~Y~ v Y~{l ~oyj{ Y YxY p{ppx. ny{p lvlvp[ |Yxf Rp{, {pl {pl x vM[{zf


75/85

74

t~v ~ Nnp{p rh v ty{Y ~v` {lv~ Yyj R Yy [p ztp Nnp{ - rh{.

Wv ~ Rr ~p Y xl Yx YvY x xl n?~~y [vp pxYl Rx{~YK R{, [vp

[pp ny{p[ ryl{p ~KrMj Yy [v ~qY v UnN{Y v Rr ~p Y xl x. Rr ~p~rxp ~{ r~xp, X{p[ |Yp {Mopx Yy [l{,ry oMvxp ~ry [l{, A v`p X{p[ v -~p~v ` Yy [l{ xp ~z v`f Rr t~x xl x.

ny{p {p{p K ~z Yvx Xt[ vp~f p`[vf Xtf pK lp Nzf v np vf Xtf ~vRr~{Y p{pp x.

Xt ~{ r~x ~rx npp ryl ryp ~~y[vp x ~p r~Yf x. A Rx[ UlK x{~KrMj Yy [v ~q Yyp ztp v UnN{. Rlv. v~ ~lp ny{pf Un - n{z - ~{~ np ztp

YK - K - RK rK - SK fK - Jl l, vpvx ~lp np ztp pvx {~lp p{pp n?

v{ Uny vp~Y vGfvY ny{p Yy Xt~l cl Yy [l v, ny{p YynyxYx xp nN}~[l ~l n ny{p[p ~r ztx - Un{ ztx xpzu ~[l ~{yrx n ~p r{ xx. Wf Xtf U{pp Rzu - Rn~ - Rvxp xl Yyj ~[lvp~Y vGfv. v { Uy vp~Y vGfvY RYy [p ny{pf ~rxp ~{ r~xp Xtf vl sz {R~~ ztppx. vxp W Nz v ztp rszxYvY n v [nyv v f v rj ~{yrx vl Yypltp v rp YlY t{f ryppx. n{~ rx ~lyv Xt rp ~lz{zp r ~r lxY [l Yyppx.[ny ~v[x - ~vpx - rx Uly xppx. oMvxRYzY [jxf Rp{ WNz v Xtf ~r ztppx.K Rp{ Xt lp Nzv npvf Sf [pp.


76/85

75

~yj r~p Yzrx 1975

~vcxf rx YpY {p

~

cprx v ~q Rr ~xzzv Yvllv. RpY[ ~Kvpxf, [y{xf, q l p [vfp[pp Ul~xY pl.

v YpY v rx Yyp ztp K lll{x zt[v ~q Y{y x vM[xY [l xll n xpp [p{ npY ` rz R{toxY pv t{ rp.~vc rx K v tzryll{p pxYlx{pf tp t np R{~px ~vcxR{vpxf, rYzf R{{f zY lntz Nnp{zp

rh p ~. K cprx K y~ vpp pnlYK rYx. ~pxY ~x xp R~pxf rl {pt np ~p t rxjp {p~ p{ tprrl rxY xplp Rp[vpx Yypp pK,cprx K y~ vpp U[p [l {pp x.

cprx K y~ [J Rll rl nY{p ~{rn [m{x.

~pl~~ Ya ~uyaRrrDaa ~zzY{l~ppxa rYaRrr[Ju Yz~ Rpp[no

xp{p ~vc ~{~x ~q R{| {p Yyj RfY[py Y{ ~Y.

ul ~vcxY {~x ~q Yv xvf ~y~prp~xxY np {p~ t rxj ~pl~~Yaxp{p vj, v f v ~lf ~p xYl {pp


77/85


78/85

77

Yty Ry vjY vf rx Yypp Y{y n?Ry ty vj R Rx v`y xvx ~l. A ~

[xx. lv[ v Y v v` p RpY[Yty vf pYvllx. ~ vl {pp nlv [ Nnp{zp v`y ~vf x.

{rYx ~p{ ~ v xj {. ~pvjY p ~ {vY rfp p[l xl xx p~[ [vp. ~ xnvY p{ vv zuxYUrx npp rvl ~p{. np lpllf rh{YpYf, ztp lpll n ~pl~ Yy{pp ~p{.vlY pr{lp ~pN rszx [ YzYr{ppx. [nyl, {hrl, lyp Rlyl, ~lf,rx t Yypp ~p{. YynyxY, rlY, RplyY,~k ry ~p{p Rh Yyppx.

~p{Y zxf [l px. jxf [l px.~ [l px. y [l px. Wx x xl vnxY {ppx. np lY ~ {pYvY p ~p{,p [~ zY}xY {pYK ztppx. ~vcx ~lfp,~Kvpxp, ~lYyxp {l vf Yv Xt, RpY~v` v n{p v ~p~ppx.

lp zYx v ~l{xp [ vp~Y vGfv [pp [p t rxjp {p~, A Rx ~v` ~lp ~vf,~pl~~Ya xp{p ~lf ~p ~p{p ~yppxx R{{n pp.

~uya : - lv[ xrv RpYf ~rxY {plyvf {p Yvx R{z Yy [l rn[zxp [p ~vcx Rnr r{. X z~xp v r}jx Y pYYx. lyY [ ~nxYf RxK ztppx. pxYly~v~{ tzryll {x. vl rp tzryll{x. S v ~zzz tzryll {x. X v{[lKvf Rp{ Yfxl pxj f Rvpr {x.

l{x. Uyj {x. l xf ztj, S~zx plyvf tpp x. x p lyvf Ypp x. vxp


79/85


80/85

79

[p yfv r npp x. r}jx vf r~ v~ r{zl - rp~zl - ~vcxl [hp`p

~nl{x Rrvj x. z~xp r}jx Y ~{ry}x q[p R~l [y{xY ztp Rly,z~xp r}jx Y qY ~p [ny{~p{pl x. ~vcx v{pppf ~Kvp ~zz[y{ ztpp x. Xt, ~uy x xl x. xppp ~xzznl t rxjp {p~ ~p nY{ x v~ r}jxvf z~ YpY x xlx xpp x. t R~pf A v [jx {[ Yy [l plll {j {pp x.

RrrDa : - {h rfz{ [v, {h R{z Yy[v. hK [hY Y ~xzz v WYf [vxtvf [x rn[zx WY n hvY p[ll x. {hltj rxf, Y xl rxf t[p rhY R~pxpn{~ [{p Rx YlY np n, Xtf ~v [vf{lNYxY plx ~vcx xx. Rp vf vypp {l{h{Y plx X v X [p xx. R{~px X

ztp zux Y pl. p rxY pl. Wl, RYzxzhY ryl{ R~pxf rl {pp x. RrrDaxp{p { {h rfz{ p[l xl xx ~xzz nl tycjp {p~ ~p { ~Y. RrrDa xp{plv ~p Y xl {h Yf~ Rh vY p~zYppx. lv[ tzryll Sf Yy [vf RllY~zx~ry [vf R{| v YxYv Y xll x. Y~l{,

YKv{, lv[ Yzx Yyj [l vY tycjp{p~ ~v pY Rpp p{y ~Y. Up{p~ lxp rp{p zn RnM|x v vpY xll x. l~ r~ {~yY t lx WY n n{~Y,Up{p~ Y~l{ [l pY t{ Rr nv. v n{zn{~v {hf xn{ Up{p~, x n, Wz~ v {hf[l Y ~Y.

Wl, Wlv R{| v t ~ xj ~ {{h rfz{ p [l. pxY yc{y Up {p~`f rx. Yvy{y rx. ~{y rx.


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Rv{y - v Rv{y rx. Wl ycf Rxlyc lplx R z [~vf ~ pY p~y~j.

Fl{p yx r~r~ v Uyp vyj k yxfR~ll, A tpf vYvYx ~zY ~{ v p Yvyx v p Rvx v`p ycf xvp Ypv ycf v r{~vp Uy {nf {pShvY [p , Uy vk{ R~ vf Up {p~ llpY ~Y. apnx, {p pYv vYvYx~zY X {p Yvf {y py ~l. A { {hz~ ~zY Up {p~ rfz{ p[l ~Y.

{ {h rfz{ [v, lvf Yx Yy[vf to{. { {h R`f [ll Yy ~vcxtzpp ~Yx. R|{~x. ~v YMxY r{Yf Sf vf Rr~l {p Xf, ~vcx {[vYpztpp x. ~vc ~Kvpxf rl p{ppx.lv Yfxl vpp ~ry [vf tzryll {prn[zx tycjp {p~ ~p {, RrrDa xp

{apxf [rp r { {h rfz{ p[l xllx.RMm ~nx ~q R{| {h Y rvjY vf R}gpYy [l xll x. W{ rn[zx ~vcx r[pp x.{[vY uy vf ~~~Yx ly [pp x. ~vc~Kvpxf zY {pp x.

~zzY{l : - ~z r{lv ~vc ~{pxfvrY {pp x. Rl{| Yfxl rfz{ [p

tyrl z~ {l {pp ~z r{lv ppppx. ~vcx tyrl z~ {l {pp Wvf x. [vpYxpp, [p xxl z] - [y ujh Wvf x. K ~q~ YyYp {zY v R{| {pp x. Rl{~xp R{|{pp x. X lx ty Yy [pp Rly, R~yf {fpRx[ n lx ty Yypp x. ~{Y ~z{p [lp , ~ n tyrlp v [p R~pxf rl{pp x. lntz {pp x.

tyrl nx {{ ~z{p [l v Ullly[jx. Tf lntz pv vp r{lv. lv ~xl,


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rlp ~ nnpl v t{ zx W{ lz rl tz, Sj~`{ [l tpz vzzY nx, v ~`pf np ~

px R{~p Y x. ~z{f ~lp, ~z{f {l{p lx r|p ~z{f [pp rn[zxf ~vcx rxYypp x. K t{ t R~p f ~xzz nl Ullvxjp{p~, ~zzY{l xppp ~z r{lvpxl {ppx X{ p ~Y.

~lpxa : - ~vcx r~Y vn ~yp f,Spxp ~{y { lt [p ~x xlx, xpp {n[l~vc oMvx. ~vcxY Sx, U[y rv, RpK Rv,Rl rx azpx Rx rfp v ~xv ~K, ~p~pSyp RxY[ ~{yrxp pYypp, ~vcxrYzf ucpx {pp x. [vp - vp, Sq[v R Sx{r{lv, RpY rYr pYyp Rpnvf Y xllx. vj Syp Rll, rn[zY r{lv RpY[r~nxf l {p Rpnp Yypp x. lv[ tzv,Yl{, ~p{, Rv, vj Syp RxY[ z~xp

Y xll x.px p nY{y Rq tzf nY{pr{lp ~Y{~p pv~p n~p nY{

xx ~ yz x Y{ ~Yyx .

Yvj Syp Rll W [{x x xpp ~,~vcx Yzlvp ly ~vp xl {pp x. pYvj Syp Rll, ~vcx Sx Rr~xf, rYzfR[y{xf rl{pp x. pnvj Syp Rll[[vp - vp - tzv ~p~v, ~v R v SxN{pv pvj Yv rw {p Rly, R{f ~vcx n rYrYy{pp x.

~xzz nl t rxjp {p~ r~ vn, ~vcx~p~p Syp [p xYl {ppx, ~lpxa xpp{ ~Y.


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84/85

83

~vcx ~vp {Yj lpll ~vc ~Kvpxf,[y{xf rl {pp x. ~xzz nl t rxjp {p~

Rrr[Ju x p~yr z~ p~x xl xx X{p ~Y.

Yz~Rpp[no : - lvp[ Yvf, r{z Yvf,pYvf, Yzx Yvf, RpK Yvf, |} ~zz,|} {yr~n, |} r~YK, |} l{lYKpnY{, lv {l {p ~vcx v YpY Yyv~vc ~oyjl{xp Yfxl Y xl xx Yz~

Rpp[no xp{p tycjp {p~ ~p Rpp{yj zn ~Y. rzvY r{p [p{ t x xlxK ujhxY, pxY, f [~, rzvf rp [p, XfWx v p Yzx Yy Rp{| z~ Rzvp YypRYfxll. K np rzK Yzvyp RpY Rx W{prn[zx rYz Yyp Rly, r Rp{| [fK n R Yy[pp x. Yx r{K tzx zt RxY, xK tYxY~q ~~YK zt [p R Rx [p p~zY, lv

r{z Rxf, pxpf l{l Yvf A r{y v R~oyjx.X[ {h, X[ pxpf rvj. X[ Yzx Rxfrvj. X[ l{l Rxf rvj. X[ YGx Rxfrvj xp{p ~vcx Slvl rYz Rpnp YlYyp ztp rn[zx ~vcx YlYl ~. tzx~p lY ~yY}l{ ~p v{ Rx tzxp r [xp ~vcx ~p tq nhxK Yyp ztpp x. WlY

rfp X rhpxp xp Yz [{p ztpp x.W{ rn[zxp ~ ~vcx R~px, Yztzx RY{pp x. Yzxf, pYvf, ly Yvf, r{z YvfpRz, ~vc ~oyjx vfv Sf Yyppx ~xzznl t rxjp {p~ ~p R{{n Yyp znn ~lp,~x[xp, ~pxp ~vcx {l v ~q x.zYx WY YpY ~f RpY Yp nY{ ry [l,ppo [ ~l r{lK R, ppo u}{p YlYyp, pxYl ~~Yp r[l, Bpv yfY, Bpv~vcxY, Bpv x[xY, ~lp, ~vxp, ~{pxp


85/85

84

{l v ~q K Rfo rrlx Rp[vpx vf{ nxY pYfxll x. lp zYxv RlwzY ~

Y [l tycjp {p~ ~vc ~{pxf Rl{|WYn rrlxY Rh pYf, v [J Yf ~Y. v Rll, rlY} {|xp p [vf lv,K rrl vz{ Rnv Xt[ lxf Ryrjx Yy[p, Wp lx {hf x [pp pK vp.~vcx ~p Xt, ly v ~p vp Spp. rxpr~{pp. { ~pvY p{ Yq{ [l YYYr}jx Y YYY {pp. t ty Yyrpp [p {h

R{z Yy [ppY p{pp. tyrlY {{, ~z{p~l ~p~p { Yfxl YyppY {pp. r~ vn vjSyp R { ~ypp. lpf ~~ p{p xl{ Yfxl Yypp. lvf p[rp lv lll{xf[y{xf p[rp plyK YK vp {pp.pYvf, x Yvf, r{z Yvf, l{l Yvf { ~zzpYyppY {pp. Y n~l ~vplvl{xp

tzppY {pp.K Rf o [j[ Xt[ lxf Rvy{p

ry - rj Yy [pp pK Bpv ~vcxY vn Xt~lYy - ~Kvp - [yYy - tvp ztp lll{xY UYy [pp x. WrvjY p{ ryv {pnx lll{xYXtf ztpp x. W~ v Xt[ n Rpp[ n {h~np, ~p~zz ` Yy np r~llvxY {pp x.

K ~xzz nl t rxjp {p~ ~p U[p{R r x.

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Thisarana - Volume 1