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Rebeccah Bartlett, RN/RM, MPH This submission addresses the following Terms of Reference in relation to the 58th Parliament Inquiry into Perinatal Services 1. the availability, quality and safety of health services delivering services to women and their babies during the perinatal period; 6. disparity in outcomes between rural and regional and metropolitan locations; and 7. identification of best practice. There is a noted absence of quality, evidence‐based, easy to understand information relating to maternity services within Victoria (and Australia, at large) for women from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities. Having worked as a Registered Nurse‐Midwife and public health researcher, in urban and rural/remote Australia, as well as overseas, I feel both qualified and compelled to offer this submission. I also share one potential solution that I am working on, based on almost 13 years within the global sexual and reproductive health (SRHR) sector. Women who do not read or speak English as a first or subsequent language as well as those who do not read in their own language are at a systematic disadvantage in accessing both information and services that relate to pregnancy, childbirth and family planning methods including general SRHR. This not only violates their fundamental human right to quality, accessible, safe health care, it places an undue burden on both the local and national health system within Australia. Women of colour and those from CALD backgrounds, were and still are, disproportionately less likely to benefit from the global progress equating women to men at a social and political level. 1 Refugee women and girls, most of whom are also from minority backgrounds face multiple challenges to accessing services that would improve their health, education or employment outcomes. 2 In particular, SRHR rights are almost exclusively forgotten despite the fact that this population experiences an increase in exposure to sex trafficking, higher risks of sexual assault, and poor access to pregnancy health care and safe birthing practices. 3 Women are better able to access education opportunities and improve their employability when planning the number and spacing of children, should they choose to have them, is within their control. Women contribute to safer communities and integrate more easily into host countries when they have access to education and employment, and do not face unwanted or unplanned pregnancies. 4 In 2014, the Guttmacher Institute, one of the world’s leading SRHR research and policy organisations, assessed the cost effectiveness of implementing World Health Organisation‐standard care would have the following effect: unintended pregnancies would drop by 70% maternal deaths would drop by 66% 1 Kerby, 2013) 2 Victorian Refugee Health Network, 2012; Women’s Refugee Commission, 2016 3 IAWG, 2010 4 The World Bank, 2017 1

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Page 1: This submission addresses the following Terms of Reference

Rebeccah Bartlett, RN/RM, MPH        

This submission addresses the following Terms of Reference in relation to the 58th Parliament Inquiry into Perinatal Services   1. the availability, quality and safety of health services delivering services to women and their babies during the perinatal period;  

6. disparity in outcomes between rural and regional and metropolitan locations; and  

7. identification of best practice.   

There is a noted absence of quality, evidence‐based, easy to understand information relating to maternity services within Victoria (and Australia, at large) for women from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities. Having worked as a Registered Nurse‐Midwife and public health researcher, in urban and rural/remote Australia, as well as overseas, I feel both qualified and compelled to offer this submission. I also share one potential solution that I am working on, based on almost 13 years within the global sexual and reproductive health (SRHR) sector. 

Women who do not read or speak English as a first or subsequent language as well as those who do not read in their own language are at a systematic disadvantage in accessing both information and services that relate to pregnancy, childbirth and family planning methods including general SRHR. This not only violates their fundamental human right to quality, accessible, safe health care, it places an undue burden on both the local and national health system within Australia.  

Women of colour and those from CALD backgrounds, were and still are, disproportionately less likely to benefit from the global progress equating women to men at a social and political level.1 Refugee women and girls, most of whom are also from minority backgrounds face multiple challenges to accessing services that would improve their health, education or employment outcomes.2 In particular, SRHR rights are almost exclusively forgotten despite the fact that this population experiences an increase in exposure to sex trafficking, higher risks of sexual assault, and poor access to pregnancy health care and safe birthing practices.3  

Women are better able to access education opportunities and improve their employability when planning the number and spacing of children, should they choose to have them, is within their control. Women contribute to safer communities and integrate more easily into host countries when they have access to education and employment, and do not face unwanted or unplanned pregnancies.4 In 2014, the Guttmacher Institute, one of the world’s leading SRHR research and policy organisations, assessed the cost effectiveness of implementing World Health Organisation‐standard care would have the following effect:  

• unintended pregnancies would drop by 70% • maternal deaths would drop by 66% 

                                                       1 Kerby, 2013) 2 Victorian Refugee Health Network, 2012; Women’s Refugee Commission, 2016 3 IAWG, 2010 4 The World Bank, 2017 

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Submission S006 Received 12/06/2017 Family and Community Development Committee
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Rebeccah Bartlett, RN/RM, MPH        

• newborn deaths would drop by 77% • the burden of disability related to pregnancy and delivery experienced by 

women and newborns would drop by 67% • transmission of HIV from mothers to newborns would be nearly eliminated—

achieving a 93% reduction to 9,000 cases annually.5  Guttmacher also found that fully meeting the SRHR needs of women globally average just $256 per woman of reproductive age each year, amounting to only $7 per person in the developing world. More importantly, each additional dollar spent on contraceptive services reduces the cost of pregnancy‐related care, including HIV care for pregnant women and newborns, by $1.47.7 Additionally, women who actively contributed to their local workforce and economies are more likely to experience an increase in participatory citizenship and reduced social isolation.8   Recently, I was caring for a young Turkish couple on the postnatal ward. They were eager to discharge early and had many questions. Whilst the husband’s English was good and he translated for his wife, I knew they would benefit from more information in their own language. I looked up Turkish factsheets on the newborn screening test, vaccinations and maternal child health centres in their area. I also highlighted the web addresses I used, numbers for health translation hotlines and I took a screen shot of the 526 other health resources listed the Victorian government had on health that were also in Turkish. The grandmother, who had been quietly sitting in the corner most of the shift was especially interested in the info sheets and then told me later she was planning to get her pertussis vaccination the very next day.  This couple is more than capable of looking up this information themselves. Like most young people today, they are tech savvy and phone literate but knowing the right resources to search for‐ ones that are evidence‐based and relevant for the local community in which they live – is both time consuming and confusing. This couples’ reasonable command of English, the Australian health care system and relative financial stability far exceeds that of many new arrivals to Australia, particularly those from refugees and asylum seeker backgrounds.  

Further to this, I have audited the Health Translations Directory and found many of the links for maternal health information are broken, lead to incorrect websites or are simply inappropriate. The content is often culturally offensive or stereotyped, language translation inaccurate and outdated and for certain topics, completely absent of best practice. For example, when I looked up LGBTQ resources in Arabic, all referred to HIV content only. There was no reference to stigma, discrimination, support or general information for interested consumers at all.  

There are notable remedies for this current gap in health information for CALD communities. One particular innovation is the “mAdapt” project currently being piloted through North West Melbourne Primary Health Network.  

                                                       5 Darroch, Singh, & Weissman, 2014 6 Figures in USD 7 Darroch et al., 2014) 8 The World Bank, 2017 

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Rebeccah Bartlett, RN/RM, MPH        

mAdapt is a mobile health (mHealth) platform which connects users (women from refugee and CALD backgrounds and their families) with local, culturally sensitive information addressing reproductive health needs, in their own language. Anonymous data, sourced from this web app’s utilisation habits and search histories helps demonstrate what users are searching for, where and how often. This in turn, assists us to map need as the community sees it and improve health‐specific service provision.   mAdapt launches on 2 August 2017, in Arabic and English and is targeted towards the Syrian and Iraqi communities who have resettled in NW Melbourne during the past 18 months. mAdapt has been designed to be scaled up in multiple ways demonstrating transferability and broadening the app’s potential to reach beyond the reproductive health setting. Specifically, mAdapt can be: (1) translated into multiple languages to help other refugee and CALD populations; (2) extended to cover other health care and social welfare services; and (3) expanded to cover other low resource settings regardless of level of emergency or crisis including rural and remote communities.    Australia needs to invest in diversifying its evidence‐based CALD content surround SRHR and maternity services in particular for a number of reasons.  

1. Health literate communities have been shown to be better engaged in their own health decision making which not only improves satisfaction with service but also improves health outcomes.9 This is best practice. 

2. Health‐literate communities cost less to the tertiary healthcare system and engage more with preventive health services. A goal of the Australia and Victorian health system.10 

3. Refugee and CALD communities are a growing population within the rural setting of Australia, rural and regional areas receiving 13‐15% of Victoria’s humanitarian intake.11 Yet, as they remain a minority in a non‐metropolitan area, they are even less likely to have access to a culturally sensitive and aware model of care. This adversely affects their desire and ability to engage with their care providers and local health services.  

Many newly arrived women and families seeking information on maternity services are illiterate in their own language in addition to English. Having resources almost entirely based in the written medium not only prevents them from accessing potentially lifesaving care, it is a form of discrimination by omission that reduces and in some cases, completely disables their right to agency and autonomy in making informed choices related to their own health experience. Improving the quality and accessibility of perinatal information for refugee and CALD communities.  

                                                       9 Hodnett ED. Pain and women's satisfaction with the experience of childbirth: A systematic review. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2002; 186(Supp 5): S160±72. 10 Priority 2: Service Delivery. Australian Health Ministers’ Advisory Council. National Maternity Services Plan 2014 –2015 Annual Report. Released 2016.  11 Victorian Refugee Health Network. Rural and Regional. <http://refugeehealthnetwork.org.au/engage/rural-regional/>. Accessed 11 June 2017.

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