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This presentation will provide explanation and
practice for:
Conditional Grammar, Part 3
Examples of this grammar:
I didn’t know Clara had her baby last week!
If I had known she had her baby, I would have visited her in the hospital.
Real: I didn’t know Clara had her baby.
Unreal: If I had known, I would have visited her.
Joe didn’t study for his test, so he failed it.
If he had studied for his test, he wouldn’t have failed it.
Real: Joe didn’t study, and he failed his test.
Unreal: If he had studied, he wouldn’t have failed his test.
How do we make this type of conditional grammar? Look at
these examples:
1. If I had seen you, I would have said “hello.”
2. Tomas wouldn’t have gotten a speeding ticket if he had driven more carefully.
After the IF, use ______________________ tense.
In the other clause, use ______________________.
Form & Meaning:When we use this grammar, we are often expressing regret for something that we did or didn’t do in the past. We can’t change the past, however we are lamenting a decision or action.
Ex. I ate two pieces of cake, and then I felt sick.
3rd Conditional: If I hadn’t eaten so much cake, I wouldn’t have gotten sick.
I’m imagining what would or would not have happened if the past had been different.
Notice that you can start these sentences with the If-clause or with the Would have-clause:
If Marta had not moved abroad, she never would have learned another language.
Marta never would have learned another language if she hadn’t moved abroad.
Try these examples:
1. If we ____________ (save) more
money last year, we ______________
(take) a vacation to Hawaii.
More Practice . . .2. If you ___________________
(not, remind) about
Lisa’s birthday, I
___________________
(forget) all about it.
More Practice . . .3. If I _____________ (go) to
bed earlier last night, I
___________________
(oversleep) this
morning.
We often use “wish” and Past Unreal Conditionals together to express an idea.
I wish I hadn’t cheated on the test.
If I hadn’t cheated, I wouldn’t
have gotten in trouble.
Remember how to useHopeand
Wish?
Using wish to regret past events. . .
Often we regret things that we did or didn’t do in the past. In these cases, we can use “wish.”
1.I wish I had won the contest.=I didn’t win, but I wish I had.
2. We wish we had caught a bigger fish.=We are wishing for something that didn’t happen.
Think about the grammar we use when we use wish for past
events:1. I wish I hadn’t
burned the hot dogs.
2. Mike wishes he had won the race.
Put the verb “wish” in ___________________tense.
After “wish,” put the verb in __________________.
Review . . .Hope + present tense = to express what you want to happen in the near future
I hope he calls me tonight.
Wish + simple past=to desire a situation that is different from the present
I wish I spoke Spanish more fluently.
Wish + past perfect=to regret what happened or didn’t happen in the PAST
I wish I hadn’t broken that vase.
For more practice . . .
Go to our class website for more practice!
Be sure to ask your teacher or classmates if you need help!