This man This man invented the invented the mechanical mechanical

reaper.reaper.

The largest The largest group of group of

immigrants to immigrants to come to America come to America during the mid-during the mid-

1800s.1800s.

Associations of Associations of workers that workers that

fought for better fought for better wages, shorter wages, shorter work-days, and work-days, and better working better working

conditions.conditions.

This invention This invention made cotton made cotton 1,000 times 1,000 times

faster to clean.faster to clean.

With their huge With their huge sails and narrow sails and narrow

hulls, these hulls, these helped the helped the

United States United States win a large share win a large share

of the world's of the world's sea trade.sea trade.

This slave This slave preacher led preacher led

about 70 slaves about 70 slaves to kill more than to kill more than

60 whites in 60 whites in Virginia in 1831.Virginia in 1831.

About 200,000 of About 200,000 of these lived in the these lived in the

South in 1860 South in 1860 and were and were

disliked by slave disliked by slave owners.owners.

These laws These laws controlled slaves controlled slaves and kept them and kept them from running from running

away and away and rebelling.rebelling.

1.5 million Irish 1.5 million Irish immigrants immigrants

immigrated to immigrated to the United States the United States

because of a because of a ______ _____.______ _____.

This farming tool This farming tool was light so it was light so it

could be pulled could be pulled by a horse and by a horse and

strong so that it strong so that it lasted longer.lasted longer.

Making up only a Making up only a tiny fraction of tiny fraction of the southern the southern

population, these population, these farmers owned farmers owned

at least 20 at least 20 slaves.slaves.

By 1850, the By 1850, the production of production of

____ had ____ had increased to increased to more than 2 more than 2

million bales per million bales per year.year.

Many slaves Many slaves resisted slavery resisted slavery

by simply by simply dragging their dragging their ____, or working ____, or working

slowly.slowly.

This farming tool This farming tool could do the could do the

work of 5 field work of 5 field hands--freed hands--freed men up to go men up to go

work in factories.work in factories.

This free black This free black planned a slave planned a slave

revolt that never revolt that never got started in got started in

Charleston, SC in Charleston, SC in 1822.1822.

These made up These made up about 1/3 of the about 1/3 of the population in the population in the

South in 1860.South in 1860.

This man This man improved the improved the

sewing machine sewing machine and created a and created a company that company that

still exists still exists today.today.

This man This man invented the invented the

steel plow and steel plow and founded an founded an equipment equipment

company that company that still exists today.still exists today.

In order to In order to protest protest

deteriorating deteriorating working working

conditions and conditions and low pay, women low pay, women

workers at Lowell workers at Lowell staged several staged several

_____._____.

Although slavery Although slavery was banned in most was banned in most northern states by northern states by the early 1800s, the early 1800s, many free blacks many free blacks there experienced there experienced _____ that denied _____ that denied them equal rights them equal rights because of their because of their

skin color.skin color.

Became useful to Became useful to find out about find out about

supply, demand, supply, demand, and prices of and prices of

goods instantlygoods instantly

Most slaves Most slaves worked as ___ ___.worked as ___ ___.

This man This man invented the first invented the first sewing machine.sewing machine.

Between 1840 Between 1840 and 1860 over 4 and 1860 over 4

million ______ million ______ arrived in the arrived in the United States.United States.

One danger that One danger that many free blacks many free blacks faced was being faced was being ____ and sold into ____ and sold into

slavery.slavery.

These people These people believed that believed that

America should America should be preserved for be preserved for

native born, native born, white citizens.white citizens.

This made it This made it possible to build possible to build

factories factories anywhere, not anywhere, not

just next to just next to rivers.rivers.

Many slaves who Many slaves who lost their nuclear lost their nuclear families valued families valued their ____ ____ their ____ ____ that included that included aunts, uncles, aunts, uncles,

and and grandparents.grandparents.

Immigrants to Immigrants to the United the United

States helped States helped the economy the economy

grow by grow by providing providing

needed ____ for needed ____ for the nation's the nation's factories.factories.

This was This was outlawed in outlawed in

1808.1808.

This political This political party was anti-party was anti-

immigrantimmigrant

This man created This man created the machine that the machine that caused the South caused the South to become even to become even more dependent more dependent

upon slavery.upon slavery.

This man This man invented the invented the telegraph.telegraph.

By the middle of By the middle of the 1800s, the 1800s,

factory workers factory workers were forced to were forced to work ___ hours work ___ hours

for lower wages.for lower wages.

1 million ______ 1 million ______ immigrants immigrants

arrived in the arrived in the U.S. to escape U.S. to escape

punishments for punishments for failed democratic failed democratic

revolutions.revolutions.

These are people These are people who have learned who have learned

a trade and a trade and therefore make therefore make

more money than more money than people without people without

an acquired skill.an acquired skill.

First laughed at First laughed at and feared by and feared by

the public, by the the public, by the 1850s these 1850s these

were the fastest were the fastest and cheapest and cheapest way to ship way to ship

goods over land.goods over land.

Many Americans Many Americans distrusted Irish distrusted Irish

immigrants because immigrants because they were _____, they were _____,

while most while most Americans at the Americans at the

time were time were ProtestantProtestant Christians.Christians.

Most white Most white southerners were southerners were

called "___ ___" called "___ ___" and only owned a and only owned a

few slaves.few slaves.

These songs that These songs that were sung by were sung by slaves often slaves often

emphasized hope emphasized hope in the future.in the future.

Which section of Which section of the country was the country was

most most industrialized in industrialized in the mid-1800s?the mid-1800s?

How did How did improvements in improvements in

farming farming equipment (steel equipment (steel plow, mechanical plow, mechanical reaper) affect life reaper) affect life

in America?in America?

How did steam How did steam power and new power and new

machinery affect machinery affect factories?factories?

How did How did Americans Americans

respond at first respond at first to railroads?to railroads?

How did clipper How did clipper ships help ships help

America? Why America? Why did their did their

popularity only popularity only last a short time?last a short time?

How did the How did the growth of growth of

railroads cause a railroads cause a decline of decline of

farming in the farming in the New England New England

states?states?

Why did Why did unskilled unskilled

workers have workers have difficulty difficulty

improving their improving their working working

conditions?conditions?

Why did skilled Why did skilled workers’ wages workers’ wages drop during the drop during the

1800s?1800s?

How did factories How did factories change between change between 1800 and 1850? 1800 and 1850? Where were they Where were they

located?located?

What were the What were the problems faced problems faced

by women by women factory workers?factory workers?

From which place From which place did the greatest did the greatest

number of number of people come to people come to the US during the US during

the mid-1800s?the mid-1800s?

Why did many Why did many German German

immigrants come immigrants come to America to America

between 1850 between 1850 and 1860?and 1860?

Why did many Why did many Irish immigrants Irish immigrants come to America come to America

between 1845 between 1845 and 1860?and 1860?

What were some What were some of the reasons of the reasons why nativists why nativists

disliked disliked immigrants?immigrants?

What What consequences consequences did the cotton did the cotton

gin have? gin have?

The majority of The majority of southern whites southern whites

were ________ were ________ _______._______.

What was the What was the primary purpose primary purpose of slave codes? of slave codes?

List 5 examples List 5 examples of slave codes.of slave codes.

How did slaves How did slaves resist slavery?resist slavery?

What beliefs did What beliefs did black preachers black preachers and spirituals and spirituals emphasize?emphasize?

Why did small Why did small southern farmers southern farmers strongly support strongly support

slavery?slavery?

From where did From where did most new most new

planters buy planters buy their slaves after their slaves after

1808?1808?

By 1860, slaves By 1860, slaves made up about made up about what fraction of what fraction of

the southern the southern population?population?

How did slavery How did slavery actually hurt the actually hurt the development of development of

the South’s the South’s industry?industry?

What restrictions What restrictions did free blacks did free blacks have placed on have placed on

them in the them in the South?South?

How did Nat How did Nat Turner’s revolt Turner’s revolt

affect the South? affect the South?