This is Your Chrystler Saturn Story

8/6/2019 This is Your Chrystler Saturn Story

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SPRCE OWiSlosrCORPORATION

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SPACE DIVISION 4b CHRYSLERbA@ORPORATION


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PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE

This booklet is a par t of the Chry sler Corporation Space Division MannedFlight Awareness Pro gram . You will be seeing and hear ing m or e about thisprogram.Each and ev ery one of us , and o ur fam ilies a r e d irectly involved in a gre atnational effort, an unprecedented adventure by man -- the landing of me n onthe moon. E ach of us is an importan t man doing an imp ortant job making prod-

H D . L O w R E Y ucts on which Project Apollo astronauts will bet their lives. Ever y part ofevery booster m ust be engineered, manufactured, installed and tested s o thor-oughly that we would bet our own lives on it s fau ltl ess perf orma nce. We mu stmake these parts r ight the fi rs t t ime -- the opportunity to cor rec t a mi stakemay never occur.

Use thi s book to explain to your family, frien ds, and neighbor s about theChr ysl er Corporatio n Space Division and the work that you do here.

I as k that everyone renew the acceptance of his job responsibilities. Do yourwor k to the bes t of your abilities. Never be slow to as k fo r guidance if youar e unsure . I as su re you that I will personally guide you if the need arises.


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In a huge manufactur ing facility at New Or-leans, Louisiana -- he Michoud Operations --Government and private industry are joinedin the building of the world's la rg est spac ebooster curr ently in production, the SaturnI/IB. Your job with the Chrysler Corpora-tion Space Division is to as si st the NationalAero naut ics and Space Administr ation (NASA)in its monumental task.

We build the b oos ter s fo r NASA, ou r cu stom-e r , whose George C. Marshall Space FlightCente r in Huntsville, Alabama, d ire cts thework a t Michoud. The direc tor of thi s cen-te r, Dr. Wernher von Braun, has a team ofthe best rocket scient ists in the business. Asof October, 1964, NASA has designed, builtand succe ssfu lly launched seven Saturn I ve-hicles. This rec ord is unequalled. There

a r e a lso NASA per sonnel at Michoud and atCape Kennedy. Thes e people wor k sid e bysid e with ou r people on the production floor,inspecting, directing , and accepting ou r prod-uct, the booster. There a r e other NASA peo-ple he re doing the many administration , en-gineering and other tas ks that m ust be doneat su ch a lar ge facility. The NASA people ar eher e to help u s deliver ou r product on timeand a s reliab le a s humanly possible.Although you a r e awa re of your part icula r re -sponsibility in this gr eat national effort, itma y be difficult to comprehend th e scope ofthe Saturn Pro gra m fro m day-to-day obse r-vations. The purpo se of thi s booklet i s todescr ibe the Saturn P rog ram and give you abet ter understanding of i ts s ize and complex-ity. You ar e one of about 300 ,000 peopleworking on the Saturn Program.


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CHRYSLER AND TH E SATURN . . . . . . . 1SATURNATMICHOUD . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9TH E VOYAGE O F SATURN . . . . . . . . . . 2 1SATURN FIRINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25SATURN'S MISSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33


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" Spacecraft and s pacecraft components do not lend t hemselve s to normal assembly line tech-niques. They ar e , in stead, "manufactured" in the original se nse of the t e r m- ade by hand.Our pr og re ss in spac e does not demand that hundreds, o r thousands, or million s of space-cr af t c ome roll ing off the production lines. We a r e sat isfi ed with only a few- rovided thateach and ev ery component in e very one of them works perfectly. Thus the sp ace pro gra m ofnecessity stimulated a retu rn to craf tsmanship, with special meas ures to st ir the interest ofthe individual worke r in perfection of accomplishment and prid e of me mber ship in a se lec tgroup to whose product the succ ess of a missio n o r life of an astronaut may be entrusted."

From a speech: "Why Go to th e Moon?"by Hugh L. Dryden, Deputy Admi nist rato rNational Aeronautics a ndSpace Administration

"The emph asis in our Manned Flight Awareness Pr ogr am i s on the word awareness. . .NASAHeadquarters is behind the Manned Flight Awarene ss Pro gra m; I a m personally behind i t andour e ntire Marshall t eam i s behind i t. We want you and your company behind it. I '

Rem ark s of Dr. Wernher von BraunDi rec tor of Mars hall Space Flight Centerto the Manned FlightAwareness Program ConferenceSeptember, 1964


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CHRYSLER AND THE SPACE AGEWith the launch and orbit of ~ u s s i a ' s putnik precious time the United States could not af-I, the Space Age began for both the United ford to lose in its ra ce into space. The ideaStates and Chry sler Corporation. of producing s uc h a powerful boost er by clus-The United Sta tes, at tha t tim e, had developeda variety of military missiles and had modi- 1. The Army Redstone ballistic m is sil ef ied se veral of these miss i les for space re- The Jupiter-C space vehiclesea rch. The Chrysler-built Redstone waslengthened and mate d with solid fuel uppersta ges. This vehicle, designated the Jupi-t e r C, orbited our nation's f ir st satellite.With fu rth er modification, the Redstone wasthe boos ter used for the two suborbital Mer-cury flights, manned by our firs t astronauts,Shepard and Grissom. ch ry sl er Y Jupiterboos ter was al so modified by adding solidfuel upper s tage s and, as Juno 11, or bi ted anumber of the Pioneer and Explorer satel-lites.It bec ame obvious, however, that a boosterwith m or e than a million pounds of thrus twould have to be developed in or de r to ent erinto the peace t ime exploration of space.Res ear ch and development of a single rocketengine with m or e than a million pounds ofthrust would have required years - yea rs of


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ter ing al ready proven tanks and engines from In October, 1958, a Government or de r to de-the Redstone and Jupiter mi ssi le s was ad- velop an eight-engine, clustered-tank booste rvanced and quickly implemented. was issued. Three ye ar s la te r on October

15, 1961, NASA successfully launched the3. The Juno I1 space vehicle f ir s t Saturn I.4. The Mercury-Redstone vehicle Chrysl er Corporation, with i ts experience on

the Redstone and Jupiter programs , was se-lected to build the Saturn I booster. Follow-ing this contract award in December 1961,the Space Division was formed and a sma llgro up of key per son nel moved into the Mi-choud Pla nt a t New Orl ean s. Within twoyea rs , the f irs t Chrysler-built Saturn I boos-te r was assembled and ready for test .

Today, you a r e one of ne ar ly 5 , 0 0 0 employ-e es of the Chrysl er Corporation Space Divi-sion working on the Saturn Pr og ra m at theMichoud plant , Huntsville, and C ape Kennedy.You, a s a Space Division employee, can beproud of ~ h r ~ s l e r ' secord in our nation'sspace program. No Chrysler-built b oosterhas eve r failed, a rec ord unequalled by anyother company. The gre ate st challenge to al lof us is to maintain this re co rd by continuingto engine er, build, te st and launch the best,most reliable boost ers in the industry.


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THESATURN

SPACEVEHICLE

Shown he re isthe Saturn IB spacevehicle. It is madeof th re e "stages" orsectio ns. The vehicis coasting upwardin sp ace withits first-stageengines shut down.


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NOT E: NASA BUILT 8-1-1 THROUGH 8-1-1 A ND 5-1-9.CHRYSLER BUILT S-1-8, 8-1-10 A N D WIL L BUIL D 8-18-1 THRO UGH 5-18-12

I ESCAPE TOWERAPOLLO SPACECRAFTI h \

SATURN ISA-1 TO SA-lo

1 CHRYSLER ENGINEERED 1 1 1 1 I IAND BUILT

5-10 BOOSTER hll I IEIGHT H-l ENGINES

1.6 MI LL IO N LBS. THRUST

SATURN IBSA-201 TO SA-212

GUIDANCE UNIT

ONE J -2 ENGINE

8-11 SECOND STAGE.

FIVE 1-2 ENGINES !kd

8-IC BOOSTER-RFIVE F-l ENGINES-*

SATURN VSA-500 TO SA-515


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THE SATURN FAMILY

The Saturn fam ily has its beginning with Red-stone and Jupiter. Pa rts that were designed,tested and proven relia ble through actualflight on these m iss ile s a r e today flying againon Saturn. Fo r example, the cent ral LOXtank is of the same dimensions a s the ~ i p i t e rbooster tank. The small er tanks clust eredaround the central tank a r e the same dimen-sions a s the Redstone booster tanks. Thisappr oach of using flight t est ed and provenhardware will continue throughout the Saturnprogram, Saturn I with its S-IV upper stagewill, after testing and improvement, becomethe Sat urn IB with its S-IVB upper stage. TheSatur n IVB in turn will be flight proven a spa rt of the S-IB and then used on the Satur nV. This approach i s al so applied to the Apol-lo capsule which will fi rs t be flown on theS-IB, put into orbi t, checked out, and onlythen will it be use d on Satu rn V. Thi s, then,is the st or y of the Saturn family - a story ofcontinuing test and development with eachste p contributing to the next important step.


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THE SATURN I5 BOOSTERAt the left i s a cutaway view of the Satur n IB booster. Theboos ter is basically a clu ste r of tanks holding liquid oxygenand kero sene fuel s and rocket engines to provide "thrust" o rpush.The center tank, almost nine feet in diameter, is the la rge st ofthe booster 's fuel tanks. Four black and four white tanks, eachabout six feet in diameter, a r e al ternately clustered aroundthe center tank. The black tanks contain a kero sene type fuel,the cen ter and white tanks contain liquid oxygen (oxygen whichhas been su percooled and pr ess ur ized into liquid). In each ofthe tanks you can s ee accordian-like "anti-slosh" baffles. Thesebaffles a r e built into each tank to re st ri ct the sloshing of fueland ass ur e that the vehicle stay s in balance and under control.The fuels flow fr om the tan ks into common pipes. In the eventan engine shu ts down, t he remaini ng engines would obtain fuelf rom all the tanks through th ese pipes.


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MICHOUD OPERATIONS

, ; The manufacturing building during renovation

10 The s am e are a today


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In Septemb er, 1961, the manufacturing facil-ity shown on the precedin g page and at theleft was chosen by NASA a s the site for Sat-ur n space vehicle fabrication. The majorbuildings of th is faci lity , now the Marsh allSpace Flight Center , Michoud Operations,we re construc ted during World War I1 for theman ufac ture of Liberty ships. The buildingswer e renovated for use by the Saturn Pro-gram contractors.The faci lity now consi sts of two adm ini st ra-tion buildings, a l ar ge manufacturing build-ing, and a newly cons tructed engineer ingbuilding, al l of which a r e fully a i r condi-tioned.In addition to housing NASA (ou r c us to mer ),Michoud Operations accommodates Chryslerand Boeing, the two ma jor Michoud Saturncont ract ors, and various other subcontrac-to r s supplying facilities support, food se r-vice s, and data processing services.Shown a t the right is our booster in the man-ufactur ing building.


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STRUCTURAL COMPONENTSj THRUST STRUCTURE+

1 FIN ASSEMBLYI t BARREL ASSEMBLY

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At the left i s an exploded view of the SaturnIB booster.Most of the booster's working pa rts a r e inthe tail area which is composed of a thruststruc ture, eight rocket engines, a shroudwith four engine sk ir ts , eight fins, and themajo rity of the boos ter' s m echanica l andelectr ical systems.The thrus t s tru ctu re sup ports the back end ofthe tank cluster a s well a s the shroud, en-gine skirts, and swept-back fins.The sp ider beam provides support for theforward end of the tank clu ste r and fo r addi-tional booster operation systems.

! $ HRUST STRUCTURE


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MANUFACTURING1. Work on one of the booster's electrical

distribution panels nears completion inelectrical fabrication area.

2 . A technician adjusts the automatic silkscr een printer used to make miniatur-ized electronic circuits for the booster'scontrol systems.One of the boos ter's complex struc tur alcomponents is fabricated on a remote-controlled milling machine.Another booste r component takes for mon this imposing vert ica l milling machine.A boos ter engine undergoes one of themany minor modifications made by Chrys-ler.


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SSEMBLYFollowing fabr icat ion of the boos ter 'smajor stru ctura l components, assemb lyof the mass ive thru st st ruc tur e begins.As the thrust st ructu re is assembled,work begins on the eight-legged sp id erbeam.Once the thrust s truct ure is assembled,it is carefully maneuvered into an uprightposition and the center LOX tank is se-cured over the bar rel assembly.The assembled spider beam, with itshigh-pressure nitrogen spheres, is thenattached to the forward end of the cente rLOX tank.This mammoth assem bly i s then rotatedon it s clus teri ng ring s and each of theeight outer tanks is positioned and se-cured fore and aft in the booster structure.After the propellant tanks have been clus-tered, final operations including the in-stal lation of va rio us tubing and wiring,measuring instruments, and rocket en-gines a r e completed and the booster isread ied f or fin al functional checkout.


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Metal used in the booster's str uctu re isstrengt h tested h ere in the metallurgicallab.Many of the booste r's precis ion par ts a r eassem bled and tested in this clean roomfacility. 2Completed booster components a r e testedhe re in the engineering environmentaltest laboratory.Booster engines a r e pressu re tested herein the engine test cell.In this mockup are a, various booster com-ponents a r e mounted and checked for phy-sical compatibility.Before the booster is shipped for statictestin g, a final visual check of a ll majorbooster components is made.


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OUR FIRSTBOOSTER ACCEPTANCEEach assembled and tested booster must beaccepted by NASA before leaving Michoud.At t he f or ma l accep tance c e r e m o n y f o r~ h r y s l e r ' s f i r s t S-I booster ( shown at theri gh t) , NASA'S Dr. Wernher von Braun ob-se rv ed , "Quality and reliability a r e thingsyou cannot inspect into a rocket. They mu stbe built into it . . . with an almos t religiousdedication and devotion to perfection . . .1. Chry sle r Corporation Space Division per -

sonnel gather to witness the forma l accep-tance ceremony for the firs t Chrysler-built booster, S-1-8.

2. Dr. Wernher von Braun, Dire ctor ofNASA'sGeorge C. Marshall Space ~ i i g h tCenter , and Mr. L. A. Townsend, Pres-ident of the Chrysler Corporation.


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MICHOUD....HUNTSVILLE....

CAPE KENNEDY !After acceptance, NASA authorizes Chryslerto move the booster to Huntsville, Alabamafor sta tic firing. It i s moved by barge overthe wat er route shown at the left.Before the booster is moved fro m the plant,it must be carefully prepared for its tri p.The engines and al l openings in the boostera re sea led against dirt. Dehydrator unitsa r e attached to the fuel tanks to prevent mois-tur e fro m collecting inside them. The ent irebooster is covered with plastic-coated clothto protec t it again st the weather. The cov-er ed boos ter i s shown at upper right.At lower right, the boos ter i s shown beinghauled fr om the plant to the docking area.The booste r and the old s uga r mill chimney


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form an in teres t ing contras t - man's oldestu s e of for ced combustion, a chimney furnace ,and his newest, a Saturn booster.Bec aus e of th e s iz e and weight of th e boo ste r,a sp eci al barge had to be built. Over 260 feetlong, this barge will support up to 2,000 tonsof cargo. The booster i s fi rs t rolled into thebarge 's special enclosure as shown on theupper right. The cover is then sec ured inplace and from that t ime on the Chrysle rbarg e crew closely monito rs and maintainstem per atu re and humidity conditions withinthe enclosure.Sti l l another interest ing contrast is evidenthere , a s man's newest and fastes t means oftransportatlon, the Saturn booster, i s movedto and from its various test and launch ar ea sby one of the old est and slo wes t mod es oftranspo rtation known to man, a ri ver barge.The barge route shown on the preceding pagecov ers mo re than 3,00 0 m il es of inland wa-te rw ay s and the Gulf of Mexico. As the barg eis moved over this extensive route, it is ac-csnipanied at al l t i mes by a U.S. Coast Guardves sel to en sure that nothing will interferewith sat urn' s eventual missio n in outer space.24


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STATIC TEST

On the NASA te st stand a t Huntsville, Ala-bama, the S aturn I/IB boost ers come to lifefor the fi rs t time. Before thi s tes t, a boos-te r is a towering st ru ctu re of carefully en-gineered and manufactured parts. Once abooster is successfully stati c fire d, then andonly then, does it qualify a s a reli abl e boos-te r for a manned space vehicle.After the booster is unloaded f rom the Mi-choud barge, it i s transpo rted to the tes tar ea and sec ure ly mounted in the te st tower.All el ectr ica l and mechanical connections a r emade. All syst em s a r e checked and ap-proved. The booste r i s then fueled.Once thi s prepa ration is complete, the firingswitches a r e thrown and the booster's en-gines roa r to life. With al l eight engines de-veloping full power, the boost er is subjectedto some of the most sev ere st re ss es it willever face - even mo re se ve re than those en-countered during vehicle launch. This is dueto the fact that an air bor ne booster can dis-sipate some of the fo rces acting upon it

through movement; a rigidly r e s t r a i n e dboost er mus t be ar the punishment of allst re ss es and vibrations acting upon it.During a normal static tes t, the booster isfired twice. Its firs t firing is of sh or t dura-tion and establishes that a ll system s aboardthe booster ar e functioning properly. Afterthis fi rs t test , the booster is then fully fueledand fired for a period equivalent to actualflight time to demonstrate the cor rec t func-tional performance of all airb orn e sys tem sunder simulated launch conditions and to pro-vide the data nec ess ary to caiculate a poten-tial flight tra jec tory f or the vehicle.As each booster is fired, NASA and Chryslerpersonnel monitor and control all test activi-ti es fr om the blockhouse. Some 700 sepa ra temeasu remen ts of each t es t a r e automaticallymade and recorded at this control center.Over 300 more m easurements a r e recordedand evaluated a t the nearby NASA Computa-tion and Quality Laboratories.Once this data has been analyzed and the te stjudged a success, the booster is transportedback to the MichoudOperations for post st at icte st rewor k and eventual shipment to CapeKennedy.

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CAPE KENNEDYPRE-LAUNCH OPERATIONS

Despite Saturn's overpower ing si ze , pr epar ation of the ve-hicle fo r launch is a delicate and detailed operation.Firs t, the v ario us stage s, each manufactured by a differentcontractor and shipped f ro m a different par t of the country,must be unloaded at Cape Kennedy and carefully transp orte dto launch complex 37 shown at th e left.Then, the st age s must be hauled aloft and "mated" verti cal-ly in the ser vic e tower a s shown on the upper right.After the stage s a r e mated and satur n's electr ical and me-chanical s ys te ms a r e checked out, the large ser vic e towershown at the lo wer right is wheeled away. The sm al le r um-bilical tower re ma in s connected to the vehicle, until sec -onds before the launch. Through swinging se rv ic e ma st sconnected to this towe r, the vehicle is supplied the electri-cal, hydraulic, and pneumatic ser vic es required for enginestart .The vehicle is als o fueled through ma st s connected to thistower. Shortly befo re launch, kero sene , LOX (liquid oxy-gen) and liquid hydrogen a r e pumped into the appr opri atetanks of t he s ta ge s and the final launch countdown is begun.


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LAUNCHWe have st at ic t est ed our SA-8 and SA-10boost ers . We have not a s yet launched one.Until now, ou r Cape pers onne l have been in asupp orti ng r ol e to NASA, but the day willsoon com e when:Chr ysl er personnel at Cape Kennedy will fillthe fuel tanks. They will re po rt - ALL SYS-TEMS GO.This i s the moment that all of us , those atMichoud, Huntsville , Cape Kennedy, and inDetro it, have worked toward. Confidentand yet feeling the goose pimples grow, t helaunch crew completes their final prep ara-tions.A loudspeaker blares ! Ten. . ine ... ..four.. .three.. .two.. . ne.. . IFTOFF!With sta tic test behind it, the mammoth Sat-ur n booster again spews forth i ts f iery in-ferno. Majestically risin g on its thunderingplume, Saturn ro ar s away toward the south-eas t and i t s mission f ar above the earth!Moments l at er , the payload is successfullyfi re d into orbi t! Another Saturn launch is acomplete success!


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1. The Saturn has been subjected to an all-systems te st and simulated flight test ,has been fueled, and now stands readyfor flight.

2 . The command to launch has been givenand data electronically r elayed to theblockhouse spells out the beginning ofanother succ essf ul Sat urn launch.

3. Slowly at f ir st and then with incr easin gspeed, Sat ur n lifts off the launch padand roars away from Cape Kennedy.


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We would like you to look a t the payload insucce ssful orbi t a s the pay-off of ou r com-bined and individual day-to-day work. Sucha pay-off was impo ssibl e fo r the billions ofT HE P A YL0 D A ND Y0 humans that ca me befo re us; they could onlylook to the heavens and wonder what was outthere !This book will help you to under stand the Sat-urn Program; the program is big, i t is im -portant, you a r e important to it. Remember:QUAL IT Y. . .RELIABILITY.. .MISS ION SUCCESS . ..CREW SAFETY.. .ALL ARE IN YOUR HANDS !


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ORBIT ING THE PAYLOAD Since the Saturn I and IB vehicles will beused to place payloads in orb it around theea rth (one of the se payloads will be aMannedApollo Spacecra ft) , a sh ort disc uss ion of "or-bit" and "how to get there" will aid in under-standing this ve ry imp ortant phase of theSaturn program.

ORBITAL

CENTRIFUGAL

As everyone knows, ea rth ' s gravitationalforce draws all objects within it s field towardthe c ent er of t he earth. In fact , one mu sttra ve l m any thousand s of mil es away fr omthe earth to escape this far-reaching force.How, then, can we place research payloadsseveral hundred miles beyond the earth's at-mosphere and keep them there? We needonly look at the moon for the answ er. Itswings with unfailing regularity over itscou rse around our world neither crashi ng toea rth nor streak ing away into the sun. Longago, a balance between earth ' s gravitationalpull and the moon 's tendency to fly away wasachieved.It is a known fact that objects in motion tendto trav el in a str aig ht line unless acted uponby som e force. As illustrated in the diagrama t the left, the moon tra ve ls just fas t enoughto st rik e a balance between this tendency tot ravel in a straigh t line away fro m ea rth and


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the inward pull of ear th ' s gravity. If, fo rsome reaso n, the speed of the moon wer egradually in creas ed, it s tendency to trav elin a stra igh t line would predomin ate and itwould fl y off into the sun. Si mi la rl y, if thespeed of the moon we re gradual ly decreased ,the force of earth' s gravity would predomin-ate and the moon would spiral down to impacton the ear th .Like the moon, if a payload wer e lifted to adesired altitude and accelerated to the prop erspeed along a path para llel to the earth'ssurface, it would swing into a reg ul ar orb itaround the ea rt h and st ay th ere indefinitely.During a Saturn IB launch, the guidance sys-tem will steer the vehicle over a curvedflight path to ward it s o rbit ent ry point a sshown on the right. Booster burnout andseparation f ro m the remaind er of the vehicle(1 )will occur somewhere between 40 and 75miles above the ea rt h (depending upon theweight of it s payload) and a t a velocity of3,000 to 5,000 mil es per hour. As the boos-ter drops back to e ar th ( 2 ) , the second stagewill fir e and furt her accel erat e the payloadtoward it s orbit entr y point (3 ). Somewheresho rt of orbi tal altitude, the second stag ewill shut down (4 ) and allow the payload tocoast to a point approxi mately 350 mil es

above the earth . During the fuel economymaneuver, the vehicle will a r c over underthe influence of gravity until it i s travelin gparallel to the eart h's surface. At this in-stant, the second stage will fire again (5 )and acc elera te the payload to final orbitalspeed, approximately 18, 000 mile s pe r hour.


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SATURN IAND I B MISSIONSPresent mission planning callsfor th e Saturn I and IB vehicles toorbi t two types of payloads: (1)a meteoroid technology satelliteand var iou s manned and unmannedver sio ns of ( 2 ) the Apollo space-craft. These payloads a r e shownat the right a s they will appear inorbit.Saturn I vehicles will carry alofta meteoroid technology satelliteto survey the meteoroid popula-tion in outer space. Lat er S-IBvehicles will boost increasinglycomplex ver sio ns of the Apollospacec raft into orbit until theequipment and techniques neededfo r a manned lunar landing andreturn ar e perfected.Future missions f or the Saturn IBvehicle ( 3 ) are under study withan eye toward the suppor t of lun-a r bases, the orbiting and pro-visioning of manned sat ell ite s,and deep space probes.


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EARLY SATURN I MISSION:METEOROIDTECHNOLOGY SATELLITESaturn I vehicle s (SA-8,9, and 10) will boostmeteor oid technology s atel lite s into orb it a spart of NASA' s "Pegasus" project. Thesesate llite s will gather information concerningthe si ze and number of fr ee flying part icle s(met eoro ids) in the near- eart h altitude rangeplanned for manned s p a c e c r a f t testing .Through this research it will be possible to

accurately evaluate the hazard the se meteor-oids pose to manned space flight.During launch, the sate llite will be housed inan assemb ly like the Apollo spa cecr aft s er -vice module. Once in orb it, two la rg e"wings" will be unfolded fro m the sa tel lit eexposing m or e than 2,000 sq ua re fee t of tes tsurface to meteoroid impact. An a rt is t' sconception of this s ate lli te is shown a t left.The r e a r surface of each aluminum panel willbe coated with a thin layer of pl asti c and thenanother lay er of vapor-deposited metal. Inorbit, an electri cal potential will be estab-lished between these two metallic layers.Then, whenever a meteoro id ruptu res a por-tion of this multipaneled capa cito r, the breakwill discharge that panel and crea te an elec-tri ca l impulse.By rec ord ing the frequency and magnitude ofthese impulses, r es ear ch ers will have an ac-cu rat e r ecord of the meteoro id population inan ar ea of space soon to be used for mannedspacec raft testing.Shown a t the r igh t is a dynamic te st model ofthe satellite.


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SATURN I B ' s PRIMARY MISSION:APOLLO SPACECRAFT EARTH ORBIT

The pr ima ry mis sion of the Chrysler-builtS-IB booster is to launch the Apollo space-cra ft and S-IVB stag e into a low-earth o rbi tfor spacec raft testing and astrona ut training.The Apollo spacecraft shown on the left con-sists of t hr ee disti nct modules: (1) the coni-ca l Command Module which will ca r r y thethree-m an Apollo cre w and th ei r guidance andcontrol instrumentation, ( 2 ) the Service Mod-ule which contains the space craf t's pri ma rypropulsion units, and ( 3 ) the Lunar ExcursionModule (LEM ) which will be used to explorethe moon.Once in orbit, the astronauts will sepa rate theCommand Module and i ts propuls ion un it f ro mthe LEM and pe rform docking maneu vers a sshown on the upper right. While the vehic lesa r e docked, two of the th re e as tro nauts willtra ns fer to the LEM. The LEM will then bedetached fr om the S-IVB stage and run througha ser ie s of rendezvous te st s with the CommandModule a s shown on the lower right.After successfully completing this se ri es ofte st s in ear th orbit the Apollo spacecraft andtheS-IVB stage wi l l be qualified for the lunarflight.


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VEHICLE STATIC TEST DATE LAUNCH DATE MISSIO N ASTRONAUT 'S NAME RESULT


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BOOSTER MILESTON ESJanuary 31, 1958 . . . Redstone booster (Jupiter C)

launches Explorer I into earthorbit.

March 3, 1959 . upi t er boos ter ( J u n o 11)launches Pioneer IV past themoon and into orbit around thesun.May 5, 1961 and

July 21, 1961 . . . e r c u r y / ~ e d s t o n eo o s t e r slift the firs t two Manned Mer-cury capsules car rying Ast ro-nauts Shepard and Grissomover sub-orbital flightpaths.

October 27, 1961 . The first Saturn I, SA-1, issuccessfully fired f rom CapeKennedy followed bySA-2 andSA-3 on 25 April 1962 and 16November 1962, respectively.

March 28, 1963 . . . SA-4 is launched, and with onebooster e n g n e intentionallyshut down, successfully com-pletes its assigned mission.

January 29, 1964 . . A-5 is launched with Lveup-per stag es and orbits 37,700pounds.

May 28, 1964 . . A-6 is launched and orbitsan Apollo flight-test space-craft,

September 18, 1964 . . SA-7 is launched and orbits anApollo flight-test spacecra ft.

NOTE:The NASA-built SA-9 vehicle is scheduled for launchprior to the SA-8 vehicle which will use a Chrysler-builtfirst stage, S-1-8.


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4,SPACE DIVISION *4 CHRYSLER,A CORPORATION


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GOVERNMENT FIELD PRINTING PLANT(Under Can$iacrNAS 8.5618)NASA - MICHOUD OPERATIONS - 1964


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This is Your Chrystler Saturn Story