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This booklet was produced by the Ministerial Conference on the Canadian Francophonie in partnership with the Fédération des communautés francophones et acadienne du Canada.We would like to thank the Rendez-vous de la Francophonie as well as our partners within each provincial and territorial department of Education in Canada.Writing and Desktop Publishing: Centre franco-ontarien de ressources pédagogiques Graphic Design of the poster on the francophonie canadienne: www.glsdezign.com
Francophone Secretariat
Francophone Affairs Program
Acadian and Francophone Affairs Division,
Intergovernmental Affairs
French Language Services Secretariat
Department of Intergovernmental and International Relations
Office of Acadian Affairs Department of Culture, Language, Elders and Youth
Office of Francophone Affairs
Canadian Intergovernmental Affairs Secretariat
Office of French Language Co-ordination
Office of French Services Official Languages Division
Bureau of French Language Services
Canadian Heritage Privy Council Office, Intergovernmental Affairs,
Official Languages
Members of the Ministerial Conference on the Canadian Francophonie:
ISBN 2-922742-28-8© Ministerial Conference on the Canadian Francophonie and Fédération des communautés francophones et acadienne du Canada, 2006
3. Organize a few Francophone cultural or tourist outings over the summer (e.g. shows, festivals, museums and local tourist attractions).
4. Plan a few outings for the different members of the family so they can get to know people of their own age:• a summer camp;• a Senior’s club;• any group that might be of interest to any member of the family. (Your
choice!)
Web Tools– Websites listed in the accompanying guide
– Portals of the Francophone communities of Canada:• www.culturecanada.gc.ca• www.franco.ca• www.fcfa.ca• www.passepart.ca• www.radio-canada.ca/regions/• http://collections.ic.gc.ca/F/index.html• www.afi-ifa.ca
Crossword: Francophone communities of Canada
1. Évangéline (Name of the fictional heroine of the Deportation of the Acadians of Grand-Pré in 1775.) 2. Grand Dérangement (Name of a performance group, which refers to the Deportation of the Acadians
(two words).) 3. Jacques Cartier (Explorer who landed at the future site of Gaspé in 1534 (two words).) 4. New Brunswick (Only officially bilingual Canadian province (two words).) 5. Fransaskois (Name for the Francophones of Saskatchewan) 6. Giant (Édouard “the…” Beaupré.) 7. Ladue (Family name of the person who opened the first store and saloon in Dawson.) 8. Juste pour rire (Internationally-known comedy festival (three words).) 9. Maillardville (First Francophone community in British Columbia.)10. Whaling (Occupation of the first Francophones to work in Nunavut.)11. Vikings (Group of early sailors who settled at Anse-aux-Meadows.)12. Alberta (Province nicknamed the “other” Belle Province.)13. Georges Forest (Individual who contested a parking ticket printed in English only (two words).)14. Bilingual (Adjective describing 24 areas in Ontario.)15. Eleven (Number of official languages recognized in law by the government of the Northwest
Territories.)
Identify the flags 1. K 2. A 3. D 4. G 5. I 6. B 7. F 8. C 9. E 10. J 11. H
Answers
Canada.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Nunavut.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Northwest.Territories.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Yukon.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8British.Columbia.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10Alberta.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12Saskatchewan.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14Manitoba.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16Ontario. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18Quebec.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20New.Brunswick.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22Nova.Scotia.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24Prince.Edward.Island.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26Newfoundland.and.Labrador.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
Activities.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
Table.of.Contents
HistoryAcadia: ThefirstFrenchcolonywasestablishedin1604
onSaintCroixIsland,andtheninPort-RoyalontheBayofFundyin1605.Thecolonyprosperedand,by1755,ithad16,000inhabitants.Intheearlypartofthe19thcentury,aftertheGreatUpheaval,8,400AcadiansstilllivedintheAtlanticprovinces.By1911,Acadiansrepresentedafull28%ofthepopulation.
Quebec: JacquesCartierlandedinGaspéin1534.SamueldeChamplainfoundedQuebecCityin1608.In1663,QuebecbecameacolonyoftheKingofFrance,buttheTreatyofParisof1763endedtheFrenchregime.TogetherwithNewBrunswick,NovaScotiaandOntario,QuebecwasafoundingmemberoftheCanadianConfederationof1867.
Ontario: Intheearlypartofthe17thcentury,FrenchpeoplehadsettledintheareaaroundDetroitandonGeorgianBay.Inthesecondhalfofthe19thcentury,FrenchCanadiansfromtheSaintLawrencevalleymovedtoOntario,mainlytotheOttawaValley,aroundMidlandandPenetanguishene,andnearLakeNipissing.
The West : Asearlyasthe17thcentury,FrenchCanadiansweredrawnwestbythefurtrade,andstartedformingsettlementsinthefourwesternprovinces.ThemovebyFrenchCanadianfarmerstowardsthePrairiespeakedfromthemiddleofthe19thcenturytotheearlypartofthe20thcentury.
The North : FrenchCanadiansexploredtheNorthwestTerritories,YukonandNunavut,andwereactiveinthefurtrade.In1870,manygoldprospectorswereofFrenchorigin.
Canada’sFrancophonesformcommunitiesrightacrossthecountry,andcloseto15%ofthemliveoutsidetheprovinceofQuebec.
Canada
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Red and white were approved as the official colours at the proclamation of Canada’s coat of arms by King George V in 1921. According to many historians, by 1700 the maple leaf had already become a symbol of Canada.
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MulticulturalismCanadaisacountryofimmigrants.Everyyear,120,000French-speakinglandedimmigrantschoosetosettleinFrenchlanguagecommunitiesoutsideQuebec,addingtoCanada’sFrancophonecultureandvitalityandopeninglinesofcommunicationwithFrancophonecommunitiesaroundtheworld.
ItisimportanttorememberthesignificantroleplayedbyestablishedFrancophonecommunitiesacrossthecountry,particularlytheMétispeopleintheWest’sFrancophoneculture.Itisalsoimportanttopointoutthelargenumberoffrancophiles,mainlyinpoliticsandthearts,aswellastheFrench-immersionschoolsthathelpfosterbilingualism.
CultureCanadaisoneof56StatesthatpromotetheuseoftheFrenchlanguage.IncooperationwiththegovernmentsofQuebecandNewBrunswick,thegovernmentofCanadahostedtheFrancophoneSummitinQuebecCityin1987andinMonctonin1999.CanadaalsohostedtheFrancophoneGameswhentheywereheldinOttawa-Hull(nowOttawa-Gatineau)in2001.In2008,CanadawillonceagainhosttheFrancophoneSummitinQuebecCity.QuebecandNewBrunswick,alongwiththefederalgovernment,aremembersoftheOrganisationinternationaledelaFrancophonie.FrancophoneandAcadiancommunitiesmaintainrelationswithotherFrench-speakingcountriesandcommunitiestofostercooperationandculturalexchanges.
CanadabelievesintheimportanceofmaintainingtheFrancophonepresenceinAmerica,andsupportsculturaldiversitybyrecognizingthespecificfeaturesofthedifferentcultures.Ontheinternationalstage,CanadaplaysaleadingroleinUNESCO.
ServicesAsprescribedintheBritish North America Act of 1867,theuseofFrenchiscompulsoryinthelegislativetextsofQuebecandCanada.In1969,theOfficial Languages ActproclaimedFrenchoneofCanada’stwoofficiallanguages.Thus,thepopulation’srighttoreceiveservicesinFrenchfromthegovernmentofCanadaisrecognized.In1988,thetermsandconditionsforitsapplicationwereentrenchedfollowingamajorreviewofthelegislation.Sincethen,twoSupremeCourtdecisionshaveupheldtherightsofFrancophonestoinstructionintheirlanguageandtomanagetheirownschoolsystems.Theserightswerealreadyspecifiedin1982intheCanadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
Nunavut
The Francophones of Nunavut fly a blue and white flag. The blue reflects the Arctic sky and the white represents the snow, while the oval form is that of an igloo, and the inukshuk stands for the human presence in this vast territory.
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HistoryNunavuthasofficiallyexistedsince1999butFrancophoneswerepresentbeforethat.French-speakingwhalercrewswerevisitingtheterritoryasearlyasthemid-19thcentury.Jean-BaptisteRacine,acrewmemberononeofthewhalingships,decidedtosettleontheshoresofCumberlandBay.HewasprobablythefirstpermanentFrench-speakingresidentofNunavut.HissonPaulwasborntoanInuitwomanfromthearea.AfterstudyingatCollègeLaPrairie,PaulreturnedhomeandbecameoneoftheleadersoftheInuitandofthewhalingcommunity.Atthebeginningofthe20thcentury,CaptainJoseph-ElzéardBerniercruisedthroughouttheGreatNorth,assertingCanadiansovereignty.AlfredTremblaywasthefirstFrancophonetoconductaseriesofexploratoryvoyagestothenorthofBaffinIsland,makingitasfarasIgloolik.
Some historical landmarks:
1981 TheAssociationdesFrancophonesdeFrobisherBay(AFFB)isestablished,laterbecomingtheAssociationdesFrancophonesd’Iqaluit(AFI)in1987;
1997 ThefirstissueoftheFrench-languagemagazineLe Toit du mondeappears,andisalsoavailableontheInternet;
1999 TheterritoryofNunavutiscreated;theAssociationdesFrancophonesduNunavut(AFN),formerlyknownastheAssociationdesFrancophonesd’Iqaluit(AFI),iscreated.
Francophones who made their mark on Nunavut include:
– ArthurBrière,Paul-ErnestPlanteandCélineLachance,whoestablishedthefirstFrench-languageassociationinFrobisherBay,inthepresent-dayterritoryofNunavut;
– DanielCuerrier,appointedasthedevelopmentofficerfortheAssociationdesFrancophonesd’Iqaluit(AFI)in1991.HebecameafoundingmemberofthecommunityradiostationCFRTFMinIqaluit.AftertheestablishmentofNunavutin1999,hebecamethegeneralmanageroftheAssociationdesFrancophonesduNunavut(AFN).
MulticulturalismMostoftheFrancophonesinNunavutcomefromQuebec.However,thelocalFrancophonecommunitydrawsstrengthfromthefewFrancophoneswhoimmigratefromoutsideCanadaandsettleinNunavut.TheoriginalityoftheNunavutFrancophoneculturestemsinpartfromthemanylinkswiththeInuitcommunity.
Culture– TheAssociationdesFrancophonesduNunavut(AFN)playsanactiverole
inthecommunity’sculturallife.
– ThereisaComitéjeunesseNunavut,whichismadeupofyoungFrancophonesbetweentheagesof13and20,andisamemberoftheFédérationdelajeunessecanadienne-française(FJCF).
– DramaworkshopsaregivenforyoungFrancophones,providingthemwithanopportunitytostageaplayandperformitinNunavut,theYukonandtheNorthwestTerritories.
– TheFrench-languagecommunityradiostationinIqaluit,CFRT,broadcasts24hoursaday.
Services– TheAssociationdesFrancophonesduNunavut(AFN)activelyencourages
thedevelopmentofpartnershipsaimedatpromotingtourismbyFrancophonesinNunavut.
– ThenewsmagazineLe Toit du mondeispublishedfourtimesayear,andhasearneditselfanexcellentreputation.
– TrialscanbeheldinFrench,thankstothebilingualstaff.
– TherehasbeenaFrench-languagechildcarecentreinIqaluitsince2002;thereisalsoaFrench-languagehealthcarenetwork,LeSafran.
– ÉcoledesTrois-Soleils,inauguratedin2001,providesFrench-languageschoolingfromkindergartentoGrade9.
– Since2003,theAssociationdesFrancophonesduNunavut(AFN)hasbeengivingFrenchclassestoadultsinIqaluit.
WebsiteAssociation des francophones du Nunavut
www.franco-nunavut.ca
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HistoryLaurentLedoux,oneofthefirstWhitementoventureintotheFarNorth,wasthefirsttoexploreGreatSlaveLakein1786,whereheestablishedFortResolution.WhileescortingSirAlexanderMackenzietherein1789,heestablishedtheFortProvidencesupplypost.
Explorersandfurtraderswerefollowedbymissionaries,whoopenedhospitals,boardingschoolsandorphanagestohelpandeducatetheAboriginalpopulation.ThemissionarieslearnedtospeaktheAboriginallanguagesanddocumentedtheirwayoflife.Afterthemissionariescametheprospectors,toexploreandexploittheterritory’srichmineraldeposits.
Some historical landmarks:
1979 TheAssociationculturellefranco-ténoise(ACFT)isfoundedinYellowknife.In1988,theACFTbecametheFédérationFranco-TéNOise(FFT).
1984 TheNorthwestTerritories’Official Languages Actisproclaimed.Itnowrecognizeselevenofficiallanguages,includingFrench.
2000 TheCommissionscolairefrancophonededivisionissetuptoadministertwoschools,oneinYellowknifeandanotherinHayRiver.
Francophones who made their mark on the Northwest Territories’ Francophonie include:
– RenéFumoleau,anOblatepriest,authorandphotographer.
– AllainSt-Cyr,ateacherwhopromotedtheestablishmentofaFrench-languageschoolprogramandafoundingmemberoftheACFT;theFrench-languageschoolinYellowknifeisnamedafterhim.
– FernandDenault,afoundingmemberandpresidentoftheFédérationFranco-TéNOise(FFT).
– FranceBenoit,thefirstFrench-speakingjusticeofthepeaceintheNorthwestTerritories.
– MichelBourassa,thefirstFrench-languagejusticetositontheTerritorialCourt.
Northwest.Territories
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The flag of the Northwest Territories’ Francophone community is blue and white. The white represents the snow, and the blue symbolizes the French heritage. The arc represents the 60th parallel beyond which lie the Northwest Territories, near the North Pole. The polar bear stands as a symbol of freedom, nature and the vast northern expanses, as it watches the shining snowflake and the fleur de lys, symbols of the Francophone presence in the north.
MulticulturalismFrancophonesandtheMétisandAboriginalpeoplegetalongwell.TheoriginalFrancophonepopulationfromEuropeandotherpartsofCanadahasbeenjoinedbyFrancophoneimmigrantsfromAsia,theNearEastandAfrica.
Culture– FrancophoneassociationsorganizeculturalandsocialeventsinYellowknife,Fort
Smith,HayRiverandInuvik.
– Theweeklynewspaper,L’Aquilon,publishesnewsandarticlesabouttheNorthwestTerritoriesandthecommunity.
– CIVR,RadioTaïga(103.5FM),Yellowknife’sFrench-languageradio,broadcastslocalandnationalnews.
Services– ManycommunitieshaveFrenchimmersionprograms.
– Francophoneshaveaccesstobothprivateandnon-profitFrench-languagechildcare.
– RéseauTNOSantéenfrançaiscoordinatesFrench-languagehealthcareservices.
– InYellowknife,ÉcoleAllain-St-CyrhasclassesfromkindergartenthroughGrade11.InHayRiver,ÉcoleBoréaleoffersthesame,butonlyuntilGrade8.
– TheConseildedéveloppementéconomiquedesTerritoiresduNord-Ouestpromotesthecreationofbilingualbusinessventures.
– TheOfficial Languages ActensurestheavailabilityofgovernmentservicesinFrench.
WebsiteAssociation franco-culturelle de Yellowknife (AFCY)www.franco-nord.com
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YukonHistoryFrancophoneshavebeenpartoftheYukon’shistorysincethedaysofthecoureurs des bois,explorers,furtraders,missionariesandgoldprospectors.DuringtheKlondikegoldrush,thereweremoreFrench-speakingthanEnglish-speakingpeople.Since1990,thenumberofFrancophonesmovingtotheYukonhasbeengrowingoncemore.Asaresult,French-languageserviceshavemultiplied,andFrench-languageorganizationshavegainedalotofmomentum.Nowadays,aFrench-languageschool,achildcarecentre,aschoolboardandaculturalcentreservetheFrancophonecommunity.
Some historical landmarks:
1988 TheYukon’sOfficial Languages Actisproclaimed,entitlingresidentstoservicesinFrench.
1990 AllYukongovernmentstatutesandregulationsarepassedinEnglishandFrench.
2001 TheCentredelafrancophonieduYukonisinaugurated.
Francophones who made their mark on the Yukon’s Francophonie include:
– Émilie(Fortin)Tremblay,heroineoftheNorthandpioneeroftheYukon,whoseclothingstoreinDawsonisnowahistoricalbuilding.Sheiscalledthe“mèremissionnaireduKlondike”.
– JosephLadue(Ledoux)bought160acresatthejunctionoftheYukonandKlondikerivers,wherehebuiltthefirststoreandsaloon.ThissitelaterbecameDawsonCity.
– François-XavierMercierwho,withJackMcQuesten,setupthefirsttradingpostintheKlondikein1874.
MulticulturalismMostFrancophonesintheYukonliveinWhitehorseorDawson.Overtheyears,thelocalFrancophonepopulationhaswelcomedimmigrantsfromotherpartsoftheAmericas,EuropeandAfrica.
Culture– SeveralradiostationsandtelevisionnetworksbroadcastinFrenchinthe
Yukon.
The flag of the Yukon’s Francophone community is blue, gold and white. The blue refers to the French heritage, the gold recalls the 1898 Gold Rush, and the white reflects the snow blanketing the Yukon landscape throughout much of the year.
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– L’Aurore boréalehasbeenpublishedtwiceamonthsince1983.
– TheAssociationfranco-yukonnaise(AFY)representstheinterestsoftheYukon’sFrancophones,organizesinformalget-togethersandactivitiesforyouth,communityevents,dinnersandSaint-Jean-BaptisteDay.
Services– TheCentredelafrancophonieduYukonhousesseveralFrench-language
organizations.
– TheAu Rendez-vousWebsitegivesFrancophonesanopportunitytomeetandchat.
– InWhitehorse,ÉcoleÉmilie-TremblayoffersclassesfromkindergartenthroughGrade12,whileJardind’Émilieprovideschildcareservicestochildrenaged3to5,alongwithLagarderiedupetitchevalblanc,whichhasbeenoperatingfortwelveyears.TheCommissionscolairedelanguefrançaiseduYukonwascreatedin1995,givingtheFrancophonecommunitycontroloveritsownschool.
– Mostgovernmentforms,pamphletsandbrochuresarepublishedinFrench.
– HealthcareandsocialservicesarealsoavailableinFrench.
– TheWhitehorseandDawsontouristcentresalsoprovideservicesinFrench.
– Annuaire des services en françaisisanInternetdirectoryofbusinesses,institutionsandgovernmentservicesthatprovidebilingualservicestoYukonresidents.
WebsiteFrancommunautés virtuelles – Portail pour le Yukon francophonewww.francommunautes.ic.gc.ca/reussites/yukon_f.asp
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British.Columbia
The Franco-Columbian flag (1982) depicts British Columbia’s floral emblem, the Pacific Dogwood. The blue lines represent the sea, and their upward rise, the Rocky mountains. A stylized fleur de lys symbolizes the French heritage, and the yellow circle to which it points represents the sun.
HistoryIn1793,sixFrenchCanadianscrossedtheRockyMountainswithAlexanderMackenzie.Afewyearslater,SimonFraser,accompaniedbysometwentyFrenchCanadianexplorers,establishedseveralfortsfortheNorthwestCompany.In1812,afirstgroupof300FrenchCanadianssettledinthevalleystoworkascoureurs des boisforthecompanyandinthefurtrade.Bythebeginningofthe20thcentury,theFrancophonepopulationhadbecomeaminority.However,twogroupsemigratingfromQuebecin1909andfromWillowBunch,Saskatchewan,in1910settledaroundJamesMacLaren’ssawmillontheFraserRiver.TheyfoundedMaillardville,whichlaterbecameCoquitlam.Atthetime,itwasthelargestFrench-speakingcommunitywestofManitoba.
– ThecoatofarmsofthecityofNanaimoshowstheHudson’sBayCompanyfort,alogstructurebuiltin1853byhard-workingFrenchCanadianvoyageurs.
– Henri-GustaveJolydeLotbinièrewasappointedin1900astheprovince’sfirstFrancophoneLieutenantGovernor.
Multiculturalism– Bythe1960s,BritishColumbia’sprosperingeconomywasattractingmany
Francophones.Between1981and2001,theprovince’sFrench-speakingpopulationgrewby50%,reaching63,625inhabitantsin2001.
– La Source,abilingualmulticulturalnewspaper,coversdevelopmentsinthevariouscommunitiesthatmakeuptheprovince’sculturalmosaic.
Culture– TheFédérationdesFrancophonesdelaColombie-Britannique(FFCB)has
somefortyFrancophoneandfrancophileorganizations,andisthedrivingforcebehindtheFrancophonecommunity’scultural,socialandeconomicdevelopment.
– TheConseilcultureletartistiquefrancophonedelaColombie-Britanniquecoordinatestheeffortsoftheprovince’sFrancophoneculturalandartisticorganizations.
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– TheMaisondelafrancophoniewasthefirstFrench-languagecommunitycentretoopeninalargecityoutsidetheprovinceofQuebec.Thecentrehousesseveralorganizations.
– TheCentreculturelfrancophonedeVancouverorganizesFrench-languageconcertsandexhibitionsontheworksofFrancophoneandfrancophileartists,particularlyfortheFestival d’été francophone de VancouverandtheCoup de cœur francophone.
– TheConseiljeunessefrancophonedelaColombie-Britannique(CJFCB)organizesseveralafter-schoolactivitiesandculturalevents,includingtheJeuxfrancophonesandayouthparliamentforFrancophones.
Services– Establishedin1995,theConseilscolairefrancophonedelaColombie-
Britanniqueprovideseducationalprogramsandservicestotheprovince’sFrancophones.Theschoolboardserves3,500studentsin37schools–19ofwhichareFrench-languageschools–andserves77communitiesthroughouttheprovince.
– Establishedin2003,RésosantéColombie-BritanniquepromotesthedevelopmentofandaccesstoFrench-languagehealthcareservicesthroughouttheprovince.RésosantépublishesGuide-Santéinpartnershipwiththeprovincialgovernment.
– Communitygroups,suchasLaBoussoleandRéseau-Femmes-ColombieBritannique,provideawiderangeofservicestoFrench-languagenewcomersandresidents.TheFédérationdesparentsfrancophonesdelaColombie-Britanniqueisactivelyinvolvedinissuesrelatedtoearlychildhooddevelopment.
– TheSociétédedéveloppementéconomiquedelaColombie-BritanniquepromotestheexpansionofFrench-languagebusinessesandeconomicdevelopment.
– TheAssociationdesjuristesd’expressionfrançaisedelaColombie-BritanniquepromotesthedevelopmentandimplementationofFrench-languagelegalservices.
– L’Express du PacifiqueisaFrench-languageweeklynewspaper.
WebsiteLa francophonie en Colombie-Britanniquewww.ffcb.bc.ca
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AlbertaHistoryPeoplehavecalledAlbertathe“other”Belle ProvincebecauseitishometoalargeFrancophonepopulation.Between1795and1850,Frenchwastheonlylanguagespokeninthearea.Startingin1840,withthearrivalofmissionariesandanincreasingnumberofFrenchCanadians,severalFrench-languagecommunitiessproutedaroundtheterritoryofpresent-dayAlberta.Butafterthemajorimmigrationinfluxinthelate19thcentury,Francophonesfoundthemselvesinaminoritysituation.
Some historical landmarks:
1734 LaVérendryeandhissonsdiscovertheRockies.
1808 Marie-AnneGabouryarrives,becomingthefirstFrench-CanadianwomantosettleinAlberta.
1926 TheAssociationcanadienne-françaisedel’Alberta(ACFA)isfounded.
1928 Survivance,thefirstFrench-languagenewspaperinAlberta,isfoundedbytheOblatesofMaryImmaculateincooperationwiththeAssociationcanadienne-françaisedel’Alberta(ACFA).In1967,thisnewspaperbecameLe Franco-Albertain,aweeklynowcalledLe Franco.
1970 CBXFT,Radio-Canada’sFrench-languagetelevisionstation,islaunched.
1984 ThefirsttwoFrench-languageschoolsareopenedinEdmontonandCalgary.
1997 OfficialopeningofEdmonton’sCitéFrancophone.
Francophones who made their mark on Alberta include:
– FatherAlbertLacombe,Calgary’sfirstparishpriest,whoestablishedanIndianschoolinDunbowandservedasthenegotiatorbetweentheBlackfootIndiansandtheCanadianPacificRailway.HeservedasaconciliatorduringtheNorthwestRebellionof1885.In1893,heopenedahospitalandin1898,aschool.
– severalreligiouscongregations,whichplayedanimportantpartinopeningschools,boardingschoolsandhospitals.
The blue on the Franco-Albertan flag represents the people of Alberta, while the white represents its Francophone population. The fleur de lys symbolizes the Francophonie, and the Wild Rose, Alberta. The two oblique lines represent the roads and waterways our ancestors followed as they explored and settled the province.
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MulticulturalismCloserelationsbetweentheearlyFrancophonesandAboriginalpeopleinthe18thcenturyhelpedfostertheformers’presence.Overthelasttenyearsorso,theinfluxofFrench-speakingimmigrantsfromothercountrieshashelpedreinvigorateAlberta’sFrancophonecommunity.ThesenewcomersgetaccesstoFrenchschoolsandreceivethesameFrench-languageservices.
Culture– SeveralFrancophonecommunitiesinnorthernEdmontonattracttouriststotheir
museums,historicsitesandfarms.– TheFêtefranco-albertainetraditionhasprosperedsince1989inseveral
Francophonecommunities.– Edmonton’sFrancophoneneighbourhoodisconcentratedaroundMarieAnne-
Gabourystreet.– UniThéâtreisaprofessionaltheatrecompanyinAlberta,whichalsohasa
communitytheatregroup,theSociétédethéâtredeCalgary(STC),andseveralothertheatregroupsinPlamondon,Legal,St.Paul,Bonnyville,andPeaceRiver.
– Sixtraditionaldancegroupsgivepublicperformances.– Everyyear,FrancophonestakepartintheFestival de théâtre jeunesse,theJeux
Francophones de l’Alberta,theGala albertainde la chanson,andtheCarnaval de Saint-Isidore.
– TherearetwoactiveFranco-Albertangenealogicalsocieties,andtheprovincialarchivesareaccessibleinFrench.
Services– Schoolandcommunitycentresprovideaccesstoalibrary,theInternet,cultural
andsocialactivitiesandcoursesinconversationalFrench.– Franco-Albertanscansendtheirchildrentoanyoneofthe28French-language
schoolsthroughouttheprovince.– ThefederalgovernmentprovidesservicesinFrench,asdosomesemi-private
organizations,institutionsandcommunityassociations.– ThereareseveralFrench-languagenewspapersandmagazines.– InadditiontopublicFrench-languageradioandtelevision,thereisacommunity
radiostationinPeaceRiver.
WebsitesFrancAlta, the official portal for Francophone Albertawww.francalta.ab.ca
Association canadienne-française de l’Alberta (ACFA)www.acfa.ab.ca
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Saskatchewan
The flag of Saskatchewan’s Francophone community (1979) bears the provincial colours. Yellow is for the wheat fields, green is for the pine forests, and red—the colour of the heart—represents the province’s Francophones. The cross symbolizes the Francophone settlements founded by missionaries, and the fleur de lys depicts the French heritage.
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HistoryThefirstFrancophonestosettleinthePrairieswerethemanyvoyageurswhoworkedforthefurtrade.TheyoftenmarriedAboriginalwomen,whichgavebirthtotheMétisnation.ManyMétisfledManitobainthemid-19thcenturyfollowingLouisRiel’sexile,andsettledinSaskatchewan.
Inthe1880s,therewerebarely1,000non-Aboriginalpeopleinthearea,butwiththeconstructionoftheCanadianPacificRailwayin1885,FrancophonesstartedstreaminginfromQuebec,AcadieandEurope,followedbyseveralwavesofnon-Francophoneimmigrants.Asaresult,theproportionofFrancophonesfellsignificantlyand,by2001,theyrepresentedonly2%ofthetotalpopulation.
Some historical landmarks:
1881 Édouard“thegiant”Beaupré,isbornonJanuary9inWillowBunch.
1912 TheAssociationfranco-canadiennedelaSaskatchewan(AFC)iscreated.
1918 MonsignorO.E.MathieufoundsaFrench-languagehighschool,theCollègecatholiquedeGravelbourg.
1920 ThefirstcaissepopulaireopensinSaskatchewan,inAlbertville.
Francophones who made their mark on Saskatchewan’s Francophone culture include:
– AntoniodeMargerie,secretarygeneraloftheAssociationcatholiquefranco-canadienne(ACFC),whichcoordinatedallFrench-languagecoursesintheprovincefrom1929to1962.
– MonsignorMauriceBaudoux,oneofthepeoplebehindthedevelopmentofFrench-languageradioserviceinSaskatchewan.
– IrèneChabot,PresidentoftheAssociationculturellefranco-canadienne(ACFC),theCorporationduCollègeMathieuandtheFédérationnationaledesfemmescanadiennes-françaises(FNFCF),whowasawardedtheOrderofCanada.
MulticulturalismSaskatchewanhasalargeAboriginalandMétispopulation(14%ofitstotal).Between1918and1935,theprovincereceivedalargeinfluxofEuropeanimmigrants(Germans,Ukrainians,Poles,Scandinaviansandothers)transformingitintoareal“culturalmosaic”.Infact,asawhole,themajorityoftheprovince’sinhabitantsarenotofFrancophoneorAnglophoneancestry.
Culture– TheAssembléecommunautairefransaskoise(ACF)istheumbrella
organizationoftheFrancophonecommunity,andcontributestoitsvitalityanddefendsitsinterests.
– TheAssociationjeunessefransaskoise(AJF)organizesactivitiesinFrenchforyoungpeople.
– TheConseilculturelfransaskois(CCF)isactiveintrainingandculturalpromotion.
– TheCampJeunesentrepreneursisforyoungpeopleaged14to18,andisorganizedbytheConseildelacoopérationdelaSaskatchewan(CCS).
– TheFête fransaskoiseisanannualcountryfestival.– TheGala fransaskoisdelachansonisamusicalevent,wherethebestsingers
andsongwritersgettoperforminaprofessionalsetting.
Services– ThecourtsrecentlyrecognizedFrench-languageeducationrightsstraight
throughtotheendofhighschool.– In1969,anumberofschoolsweregivenpermissiontoteachinFrench.– In1995,thelegalbattlesendedwithSaskatchewan’sFrancophoneswinning
therighttomanagetheirownschools.– TheDivisionscolairefrancophoneno.310operates12schoolsandoffersa
fullrangeofservicesinFrench.– Faites-le en français!isadirectoryofallFrench-languageservicesinthe
province.– Aone-stopservicecentre,theGuichetunique,facilitatesaccess
toavarietyofinformationandservicesinFrench.– Theweeklynewspaper,L’Eau vive,andRadio-Canadaenhance
thevitalityofSaskatchewan’sFrancophonecommunity.
WebsitesAssemblée communautaire fransaskoisewww.fransaskois.sk.caLiens francophones – Organismes fransaskoiswww.fransaskois.sk.ca/liens/organismes.htm
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Manitoba
The Franco-Manitoban flag (1980) features a red stripe to represent the Red River and a yellow stripe for Manitoba’s wheat. The green stalk with deep roots emerges as a lush plant shaped in an “F” to symbolize the Francophones.
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HistoryPierreGaultierdeVarennes,sieurdeLaVérendrye,undertooktheconstructionofFortRougein1738.ItwasthefirstpermanentEuropeansettlementinManitoba.
ManyFrench-CanadianvoyageursandsettlersmarriedAboriginalwomen,andtheirchildrengaverisetotheMétispeoplewho,inthe19thcentury,livedintheareawheretheAssiniboinejoinstheRedRiver.TheFrancophoneinfluencegrewafter1818withthearrivalofFatherNorbertProvencherandmoresettlersfromLowerCanada.ThevillageofSt.BonifacebecamethereligiousandFrancophonecentreoftheRedRiversettlement.
In1870,LouisRielnegotiatedtheentryofManitobaintotheCanadianConfederation.
Atthattime,FrenchCanadiansmadeupfullyhalfofthepopulation,butverysoonalargenumberofEnglish-speakingsettlersarrivedintheprovinceandEnglishreplacedFrenchastheofficiallanguage.ThelegalstatusoftheFrenchlanguagewasonlyrestoredin1979.
Some historical landmarks:
1871 TheCollègeuniversitairedeSaint-Bonifaceisfounded,makingittheoldestpost-secondaryinstitutioninwesternCanada.
1890-1897 TheManitobaschoolcrisiseruptswhentheprovincialgovernmentattemptstocloseFrenchCatholicschools.
1993 TheDivisionscolairefranco-manitobaineiscreated,markingthebeginningofanindependentschoolsystem.
Francophones who made their mark on Manitoba’s Francophonie include:
– GabrielleRoy(1909-1983),borninSt.Boniface,whoreceivedthreeGovernorGeneral’sLiteraryAwards.
– GeorgesForest,fromSt.Boniface,whocontestedanEnglish-onlyparkingticketin1975.HiscasewenttotheSupremeCourtofCanada,whichledtotheOfficial Language Actof1890beingdeclaredunconstitutional.
– DanielLavoie,asingerandsongwriter,whohasreceivednumerousawardsandprizes.
MulticulturalismThefirstFrancophoneinhabitantsweredescendantsofthefurtraders,whichincludedtheFrancophoneMétisoftheRedRiverValley.Inthe19thcentury,theFranco-ManitobancommunitywasjoinedbyFrancophonesfromQuebec,Switzerland,BelgiumandFrance.Thesedays,theFrancophonecommunityisseekingtoexpandthroughinitiatives,suchaswelcomingFrench-speakingnewcomers.
Culture– ThemainvoiceofManitoba’sFrancophonepopulationistheSociétéfranco-
manitobaine,establishedin1968.
– Thereareagreatmanydifferentculturalorganizationsandevents:theatreplaysproducedbytheCercleMolière,danceperformancesbytheEnsemblefolkloriquedelaRivière-Rouge.Therearemuseums,culturalfestivals,visualartexhibits,musicalproductions,publishinghouses,etc.
– ThepastfewyearshaveseenaculturalrevivalandgrowingawarenessoftheAboriginalheritageamongtheMétiscommunities.
– TheFestival du Voyageur isthelargestwintercarnivalinwesternCanada.
ServicesFrench-language media:
– La Liberté,aweeklynewspaper,wasfoundedin1913,andthereareseverallocalnewspapers.
– therearethreeradiostations,includingtwoforRadio-Canada,andonecommunityradiostation,Envol91.1FM.
French-language government services:– theManitoba Act,negotiatedbyLouisRielin1870,guaranteestheequalityof
bothofficiallanguages.– theprovinceadoptedaFrench Language Services Policyin1989.– in2002-2003,thefirstthreeentirelybilingualgovernmentservicecentres
opened.– sixteendifferentmunicipalities,includingWinnipeg,provideservicesin
French.
WebsiteOfficial Website of Manitoba’s Francophoneswww.franco-manitobain.org
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OntarioHistoryIn1610,SamueldeChamplainsenttheyoungÉtienneBrûlétoliveamongtheHuronstothesouthofGeorgianBay.Overthenexttwodecades,BrûléexploredthegreaterpartofpresentdaysouthernOntario.Champlain,ontheotherhand,travelleduptheOttawaRiverin1613.UpperCanadajoinedtheProvinceofCanadain1841;itchangeditsnametoOntariowhentheCanadianConfederationwascreatedin1867.
Some historical landmarks:
1786 FirstFrench-languageschoolopensinL’Assomption,nearWindsor.
1916 Ottawa’sécoleGuiguesistakenoverbyhatpinwieldingwomenprotestingRegulation17.
1927 Ontario’sFrancophoneswininthebattleagainstRegulation17,whichsoughttoeliminateFrenchschoolinginOntario.
1968 ThegovernmentofOntarioadoptsamendmentstotheEducation ActthatofficiallyrecognizetheexistenceofFrench-languageelementaryschools.
1969 ThefirstFrench-languagepublichighschoolopens.
1981 TheCollègedetechnologieagricoleetalimentaireopensinAlfred.
1986 TheprovinceproclaimstheFrench Language Services Act.
1990 LaCitécollégiale,thefirstFrench-languagecollegeofappliedartsandtechnologyopens,followedbytheCollègeBoréalin1995.
1997 TwelveFrench-languageschoolboardsareestablished.
MulticulturalismThefirstFrancophonecommunitywasestablishedinthemid-18thcenturyinl’Assomption.ManyQuébécoisandAcadianscontinuedtomovetoOntariothroughoutthe20thcentury.ThenumberofFrancophoneimmigrantstoOntariohascontinuedtogrow,addingtothevitalityanddiversityoftheFranco-Ontariancommunity.
The Franco-Ontarian flag (1975), is green and white. These colours represent Ontario’s summer and winter. The Trillium is the province’s floral emblem, while the fleur de lys symbolizes the ties to the global Francophone community. The Franco-Ontarian flag was declared the province’s official emblem in 2001.
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Culture– Therearenumerousandmanydifferentculturalevents:insomeareas,
traditionalmusicandsongsarepopular;inothers,bigfestivalslikeNuit sur l’étang,Francoscénie,CinéfrancoandtheFestival franco-ontariensetthetone.
– Franco-Ontarianactorsandplaywrightsfrequentlyreceivenationalliteraryawards.Thereareaboutthirtyculturalcentresintheprovince,sometwentyartgalleries,sixprofessionaltheatrecompaniesandfivepublishinghouses.
ServicesFrench-language services of the government of Ontario:
– TheOntariogovernmentadoptedtheCourts of Justice Actin1984andtheFrench Language Services Act in1986.Underthelatter,thegovernmentdesignatestheregions(24in2005)whereservicesmustbeavailableinFrench.
French-language media:InOntario:
– Thereisonedailynewspaper,17weeklies,afewmagazinesandsome50communitynewsbulletins.
– Therearetwoprivateradiostations,sixcommunitystationsandfourpubliclyfundedradiostations.
– TFO,theFrench-languageeducationandculturechannel,producesandbroadcastsawidevarietyofprograms.Inaddition,Radio-CanadaproducesshowsinOttawaandToronto.TheTQSandTV5networksareavailableoncableorbysatellite.InOttawa,RogersCablebroadcastsmanyhoursoflocalFrench-languageprogramming.
WebsitesOffice of Francophone Affairswww.ofa.gov.on.ca
Franco.ca – Portal to Francophone Canadawww.franco.ca
Francoroute.ca – Franco-Ontarian resources www.ropfo.ca/francoroute/dev
Québec
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HistoryWhilesearchingforashorterroutetotheEast,thefirstFrenchexplorersendedupsettlingontheshoresoftheSaintLawrenceRiver.ThecolonywascalledNewFrance,andwasexploredbyJacquesCartierin1534and1535,andbySamueldeChamplainwhofoundedQuebecCityin1608.AftertheconquestofQuebecbyGeneralWolfe(1759),NewFrancebecameaBritishcolonythroughthetreatyofParis(1763).AfterfallingunderBritishrule,Quebec’s65,000Francophonesvowedtomaintaintheirtraditions,languageandculture.In1774,theBritishParliamentadoptedtheQuebec Act,whichofficiallyrecognizedFrenchcivillawandguaranteedreligiousandlinguisticfreedomforFrenchCanadians.Intheearlypartofthe20thcentury,whilemanyFrenchCanadiansemigratedtotheWestortothenorthernUnitedStates,industrializationandimprovedtransportationandcommunicationsbroughtfundamentalchangestotheprovince,andQuebecenteredadecisivephaseinitshistory.
Some historical landmarks:
1960 ThebeginningoftheQuietRevolution,whichledQuebecsocietytodefineitsidentityandstartmodernizing.
1974 FrenchbecomesQuebec’sofficiallanguagethroughtheproclamationoftheLoi sur la langue officielle(Bill22).
1977 TheCharte de la langue françaiseisproclaimed,makingFrenchtheusualandnormallanguageofwork,communications,tradeandbusiness,ingovernmentofficesandbusinessesthroughoutQuebec.
Francophones who made their mark on Quebec include:
– Louis-HippolyteLafontaine,whowasoneoftheleadersoftheProvinceofCanadafrom1848to1851andwhosecuredguaranteesforthesurvivalofFrenchCanadianswithintheBritishconstitutionalframework.
– Georges-ÉtienneCartier,whotookpartintheconstitutionalconferencesleadinguptotheconfederationofCanadaandensuredtheprotectionoftherightsoftheFrenchCanadiansinthenewgovernment.
– JeanLesage,whobecamePremierofQuebecin1960.HiselectionmarkedthebeginningoftheQuietRevolution.
On January 21, 1948, the fleur-de-lys flag replaced the Union Jack on the flagpole above the Legislative Building in Quebec City and became the province’s official flag. The white cross against a blue background was inspired by the traditional flags of the French navy that brought the first settlers. The lilies pointing to the centre copy those on a banner carried by Montcalm’s army when he defeated the British forces at Fort Carillon in 1758.
MulticulturalismQuebechasreceivedsuccessivewavesofimmigrantsfromFrance,theBritishIslesandmorerecently,fromanincreasingnumberofothercountries:morethan25,000newcomersayearfromoverahundreddifferentculturalcommunities.
CultureQuebecartcoverseveryfield:literature,music,theatre,dance,filmandvisualarts.Itisalsopresentontheinternationalscene.Forinstance:
– DenysArcandwasawardedanOscarin2004forThe Barbarian Invasionsasbestforeignlanguagefeaturefilm.
– CélineDionwashonouredin2004asthebest-sellingfemalesingerofalltime.
– Morethan42millionspectatorshaveattendedaperformancebytheCirquedusoleil.
Thewiderangeofculturalactivitiesbearswitnesstothevitalityofartisticexpression:theFestival de théâtre des Amériques,theFestival international de la nouvelle danse,theFestival Juste pour rire,theFestival d’été de Québec,theFrancoFolies de Montréal,theFestival de Lanaudière,theFestival international de jazz de Montréal,theFestival international de la chanson de Granby,theFestival des films du monde de Montréal,theFestival du cinéma international en Abitibi-TémiscamingueandtheSalons du livreinMontréal,QuébecCityandtheOutaouais.
Services– EverywhereinQuebec,French-languageeducationisavailablefromgrade
schooltouniversity.
– Fourteendailynewspapers,232regionalweekliesandmorethan1,000magazinesprovideinformationofallkinds.
– Aboutonehundredradiostations,4majortelevisionnetworks,18specialtychannelsandmorethan50communitychannelsbroadcastinFrench.
WebsitesBonjour Québec.com – Quebec’s official tourism sitewww.bonjourquebec.com
The Quebec government services portal www.gouv.qc.ca
La toile du Québec, a search engine www.toile.qc.ca
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New.BrunswickHistoryIntheearly17thcentury,afterayearintheSt.CroixIslandsettlement,somefortyfamilieslaidthefoundationsforAcadiaaround“baieFrançaise”(theBayofFundy).By1755,thepopulationhadreached16,000inhabitants.AftertheGreatUpheaval,manyfamiliesfledtopresent-dayNewBrunswick.TheyrebuilttheirAcadiancommunitiesinthenorthernandeasternpartsoftheprovincearoundparishesandvillages.Theyopenedschools,conventsandhospitalswiththehelpofreligiouscongregations.In1969,NewBrunswickbecameofficiallybilingual.TheAct Recognizing the Equality of the Two Official Linguistic Communitieswasadoptedin1981.
Some historical landmarks:
1864 ThefirstCollegeisfoundedinMemramcook.
1881 TheSociéténationalel’Assomption(SNA)isfoundedinMemramcook,laterrenamedtheSociéténationaledesAcadiens(SNA),andfinallytheSociéténationaledel’Acadie(SNA).
1946 TheFédérationdescaissespopulairesacadiennesiscreated.
1963 UniversitédeMonctonisfounded.
1973 TheSociétédesAcadiennesetdesAcadiensduNouveau-Brunswick(SAANB)isfounded,currentlycounting20,000members.
2002ThenewOfficial Languages Actisadopted;thecityofMonctonproclaimsitselfbilingual.
People who made their mark on Acadian life include:
– LouisJ.Robichaud,thefirstAcadiantobeelectedPremier.In1969,hebroughtinNewBrunswick’sOfficial Languages Act.HewasoneofthefoundersoftheUniversitédeMonctonandthedrivingforcebehindtheEqualOpportunityProgram.
– RichardHatfield,PremierofNewBrunswickfrom1970to1987,whowasadefenderoflanguageequalityinhisprovince.
– HerménégildeChiasson,aprolificmultidisciplinaryartist,whowasappointedLieutenantGovernorin2003.
The Acadian national flag (1884) is the symbol of the Acadian communities. The red, white and blue are the colours of the French flag, while the yellow star represents Our Lady of Assumption, the patron saint of Acadians. The Acadian flag flies proudly over the provincial legislature of New Brunswick.
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MulticulturalismNinetypercentoftheAcadiansandFrancophoneslivinginNewBrunswickwerebornintheprovince.ThegovernmentandthepeoplerecognizetheimportanceofwelcomingandintegratingFrancophonenewcomerstothecitiesandruralareas.
CultureNewBrunswickboastsofanetworkoforganizationsandactivities:thePays de la SagouineinBouctouche,theVillage historique acadien,theFestival acadieninCaraquet,theFoire BrayonneinEdmundston,theFrancoFête en AcadieinMoncton,theFête de l’AssomptionthroughoutAcadiaonAugust15thofeachyear,theFestival international de musique baroqueinLamèque,theFestival international du cinéma francophone en Acadie,etc.
Services– NewBrunswickhas:
• French-languageprimaryeducationandhighschools,fiveFrancophonecampusesoftheCollègecommunautaireduNouveau-Brunswick,andtheUniversitédeMoncton,withthreecampuseslocatedinShippagan,EdmunstonandMoncton;
• twoprofessionaltheatrecompanies,theThéâtrepopulaired’AcadieandtheThéâtreL’Escaouette;
• L’Acadie Nouvelle,aFrancophonedaily,andseveralweeklies;and• oneRadio-CanadaradiostationandtwoTVstations,twoprivate
televisionstationsservingthenorthandnorthwestoftheprovince(CKLEandCJEM/CKMV),andanetworkofcommunityradiostations.
– NewBrunswickisCanada’sonlyofficiallybilingualprovince.Linguisticdualityhasalsobeenintroducedintheprovince’seducationsystem,makingituniqueinthecountry.
– The400thanniversaryofthefoundationofAcadiewascelebratedin2004.
WebsitesPortal of Acadie www.acadie.net
Toute l’Acadie en un seul clic www.capacadie.com
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Nova.ScotiaHistorySomefortyfamilieslaidthefoundationsofAcadiawhentheysettledinGrand-Préinthe17thcentury.Between1755and1763,BritishauthoritiesdeportedAcadianfamiliesfromNovaScotiatotheAmericancoloniesandtoEuropeintheGreatUpheaval.Asof1764,AcadianswerepermittedtoreturntoNovaScotia,andtheysettledalongtheprovince’sseashores.Acadiancommunitiesgrewinseveralareas,andtheirclosefamilytieshelpedthemrebuildtheirhomelandinspiteofthedifficultpoliticalenvironment.
Some historical landmarks:
1881 TheSociéténationaledel’Assomption(SNA)isfounded;itislaterrenamedtheSociéténationaledesAcadiens(SNA),andfinallytheSociéténationaledel’Acadie(SNA).
1937 TheFrancophoneweeklynewspaper,Le Petit Courrier,establishedbyDésiréd’EoninWestPubnico.ThispaperisstillpublishedasLe Courrier de la Nouvelle-Écosse.
1968 TheFédérationacadiennedelaNouvelle-Écosse(FANE)isfounded.
2004NovaScotiahoststhethirdCongrèsmondialacadien.
People who made their mark on the Acadian community include:
– HenryWadsworthLongfellow,whopublishedanepicpoemin1847describingtheplightoftwolovers,ÉvangélineandGabriel,duringtheGreatUpheaval.
– Ambroise-H.Comeauwho,in1907,becamethefirstAcadianfromNovaScotiatobeappointedtotheSenate.
– Vincent-JosephPoirier,whowasthefirstAcadianMemberofParliamentfromNovaScotia.
– FatherLégerComeau,oftheEudistOrder,whowasapioneerAcadianeducator.ThehighestawardfordistinguishedservicegivenbytheSociéténationaledel’Acadiebearshisname.
– FatherAnselmeChiasson,oftheCapuchinOrderofChéticamp,ahistorianandethnologistwhofoundedtheAcadianStudiesCentre,co-foundedtheSociétéhistoriqueacadienne,andpublished11collectionsofChansons d’Acadie.
MulticulturalismMostFrancophonesinNovaScotiawerebornintheprovince.However,theAcadiancommunityiscommittedtowelcomingFrancophonenewcomers.
The Acadian national flag (1884), is the symbol of the Acadian communities of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island. The red, white and blue are the colours of the French flag while the yellow star represents Our Lady of Assumption, the patron saint of Acadians.
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Culture– AnumberofAcadianartistsareinternationallyrenowned,including
performingartistssuchasBlouandGrandDérangement,anddancegroupLaBaieenJoie,aswellasvisualartistsDeniseComeau,FrançoisGaudetandFatherMauriceLeBlanc.
– NovaScotia’sAcadiansarerecognizedfortheirexcellenceandoriginalityindramaticarts,film,visualarts,handicraftsandliteraturebytheGrand-Préaward.
– Since1998,theGrand-PréNationalHistoricSiteofCanadahasbeenmanagedbytheAcadiancommunity.
– TherearetwoFrench-languagecommunitycentres,LaPicasseinPetit-de-GratandLesTroisPignonsinChéticamp.Therearealsotwoschoolandcommunitycentres,theCentreÉtoiledel’AcadieinSydneyandtheCarrefourduGrand-HavreinDartmouth.
– Everyyear,theSemaine provinciale de la fierté françaiseiscelebratedinAcadianschools.Inaddition,Acadianfestivalsareheldinmanycommunitiesthroughoutthesummer.
Services– French-languageeducation,fromprimarythroughgrade12,isavailable
through19Acadianschools.
– French-languagepost-secondarystudiesareofferedatUniversitéSainte-AnneinPointe-de-l’Égliseanditsfivesatellitecampuses.
– Le Courrier de la Nouvelle-ÉcossehasbeenprovidingweeklynewstoFrancophonessince1937.
– NovaScotiahastwocommunityradiostations,CIFARadioClareandCKJMRadioChéticamp.
– French-languagetelevisionprogramsbyRadio-CanadaarebroadcasttoNovaScotiaaudiencefromMonctonandMontreal,aswellastheTVA,TQSandTV5channelswhichareavailableoncable.
– In2004,theprovincialgovernmentproclaimedtheFrench-language Services Act.
WebsitesLa voix de la Nouvelle-Écosse www.lavoix.ca
La Fédération acadienne de la Nouvelle-Écosse www.federationacadienne.ca
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HistoryJacquesCartierdiscoveredPrinceEdwardIslandin1534.Onhismap,heinscribedthenameÎledesArènesor“sandyisland”,butfishermenfromNormandy,BrittanyandtheBasquecountrycalleditIsleSaint-Jean.In1799,theBritishrenameditPrinceEdwardIsland.Settlementbeganaround1720,whenagroupof300settlersfromFranceandAcadiaarrived.Port-la-Joyebecametheadministrativecentre.Some3,000AcadiansweredeportedtoFrancefromPrinceEdwardIslandin1758.After1764,Acadiansbeganreturningtotheisland,buttheirlandshadbeenoccupiedbytheBritishsettlers,andtheymovedtotheIsland’swesternend,intheregionofÉvangéline.
Some historical landmarks:
1884 TheAcadiansattendingthenationalconventioninMiscoucheadoptthered,whiteandblueflagwiththeyellowstarastheAcadiannationalflag.TheyalsoadoptAve Maris Stellaastheirnationalanthem.
1919 TheSociétéSaint-Thomas-d’Aquin(SSTA)isfounded.
1999 TheFrench Language Services Actisadopted.
2000TheSupremeCourtofCanadaupholdstherightsofFrancophoneparentstoopenaFrench-languageschoolinSummerside.
Francophones who made their mark on Prince Edward Island include:
– MichelHaché,calledGallant,andAnneCormier,bothfromBeaubassin,whosettledinPort-la-Joyewiththeir11childrenin1720.MostoftheGallantfamilycantracetheirancestrytothiscouple.
– FrançoisBuote,whobecamethefirstschoolteacherattheIsland’sfirstFrench-languageschoolinRustico,in1815.
– AngèleArsenault,thewell-knownsinger-songwriter,whoreleasedherfirstLP,Première,in1975.
MulticulturalismAcadiansarrivedonPrinceEdwardIslandintheearlypartofthe18thcentury.VeryfewFrancophoneshavemovedtotheislandsincethen.TheFrancophonepopulationisveryhomogeneous.
Prince.Edward.Island
The Acadian national flag (1884) is the symbol of the Acadian communities of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island. The red, white and blue are the colours of the French flag, while the yellow star represents Our Lady of Assumption, the patron saint of Acadians.
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Culture– TheSociétéSaint-Thomas-d’Aquin(SSTA)isthemainvoiceofAcadians
andFrancophonesontheisland.Foundedin1919,ithasmorethan1,200members.
– Artisticexpressionincludeshand-madequiltsandbedspreads,traditionalmusic,whosebest-knownperformersareAngèleArsenault,VishtenandBarachois,andmanypopularfestivitiessuchastheFestival acadien,theagriculturalfairintheÉvangélineregionandtheRendez-vous Rustico.
ServicesFrench media:
– Theweeklynewspaper,La Voix acadienne,hasbeenpublishedsince1975.
– Since1996,Radio-CanadahasbeenairingFrenchradioprogramminginCharlottetownfourhoursaday.
– Radio-CanadaandotherFrench-languagechannelsareavailableoncableorbysatellite.
Government services in French: – In1987,theprovincialgovernmentoutlineditsfirstplantoprovideFrench-
languageservicesandsupportthedevelopmentoftheAcadiancommunity.
– In1990,theFrenchLanguageSchoolBoardwassetup,enablingFrancophonestomanagetheirownschoolsystem.
– In1996,theprovincialgovernmentadoptedtheFrench Services Policy and Guidelines.
– In1999,theprovincialgovernmentpassedtheFrench Language Services Act,asasignofitsfullcommitmenttosupportingtheAcadianandFrancophonecommunity.
WebsitesToute l’Acadie en un seul clic
www.capacadie.com
L’Acadie de l’Île – À découvrirhttp://collections.ic.gc.ca/acadiedelile
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Newfoundland.and.Labrador
HistoryLongafterthearrivaloftheVikingsinthe10thcentury,GiovanniCaboto( JohnCabot)tookpossessionofNewfoundlandin1497inthenameoftheKingofEngland,HenryVII.
JacquesCartierarrivedontheislandin1534,butfishermenfromBrittany,NormandyandtheBasquecountryhadbeenthereforatleast30years.
Inthe17thcentury,NewfoundlandwasmoreFrenchthanEnglish,asattestedbytheFrenchsettlementatPlaisance(Placentia)datingbackto1662.
In1713,throughtheTreatyofUtrecht,FrancerecognizedBritishsovereigntyandabandonedhercolonies,butreservedherfishingrightsuntil1904.
Startingintheearly19thcentury,Acadians,mainlyfromCapeBretonIsland,settledinthesouth-westernpartofNewfoundland.Laterthatcentury,desertersfromtheFrenchfishingfleettookupresidenceandmarriedintothelocalAcadiancommunity.
In1949,NewfoundlandbecameaCanadianprovinceunderPremierJosephR.Smallwood.Bythattime,assimilationhadalreadyerodedtheFrancophonecommunityonthewestcoast,butanewcommunitywasstartingtotakeshapeinSt.John’s.
Inthe1960s,manyFrancophonefamiliesemigratedfromQuebectothewesternpartofLabradortoworkinthemines.
MulticulturalismTwothousandfivehundredandfifteenFrancophonesliveinNewfoundlandandLabrador.Theycomefromaroundtheprovince,aswellasfromotherprovinces,EuropeandAfrica.AfewareofAboriginalorigin.
Culture– TheFédérationdesFrancophonesdeTerre-NeuveetduLabrador(FFTNL),
establishedin1973,adoptedtheFrancophoneflagin1986.ThisgrouppromotestheFrenchlanguageandcultureintheprovince.In2004,the500yearsofFrenchcultureinNewfoundlandandLabradorwerecelebratedthroughouttheprovince.
The flag of the Francophones of Newfoundland and Labrador (1986), is blue, white and red, reflecting their French origins. The two sails commemorate the arrival of their common ancestors. The billowing sails and oblique lines evoke action and their determination to forge ahead. The two sails are yellow, the colour of Acadia, and the one used by their ancestors for their fleur de lys. The upper sail is decorated with a tamarack branch, Labrador’s emblem, while the main sail is decorated with the pitcher plant, the floral emblem of Newfoundland.
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– TheJeux franco-labradoriensareanopportunitytoenjoywinteractivities.
– Abook,Contre vents et marées,tellsthestoryoftheprovince’sFrancophones,andthefilmdocumentaryÇa vient du t’chœur,tellsthestoryoftheAcadianandFrancophonepopulationofthePortauPortPeninsula.
– TheMuséeduCercledesmémoiresandtheParcduBoutteduCapinthePortauPortPeninsulaarewellworthavisit,andthesummertheatreproductionsandtheFrancophonefestivalinSt.John’sareworthattending.TheRoutedesancêtresfrançaisexploresthethreemainFrancophoneandAcadiancommunitiesinthePortauPortPeninsula.
– Theprovince’smanyFrench-languagegroupsofferawidevarietyofinterestingeventsandactivities.
– In1999,aprovincialproclamationdeclaredMay30 Journée de la francophonie de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador.
Services– Radio-Canadaradioandtelevisionserviceisavailableinmostpartsofthe
province,aswellasRDI,RDS,TVAandTV5.ThereisalsoacommunityradiostationinLabradorCity.
– TheonlyFrench-languagenewspaper,abiweekly,Le Gaboteur,hasbeenpublishedsince1984.
– TheConseilscolairefrancophoneprovincialadministersfiveFrench-languageschoolsintheprovince.
– InadditiontoitsFrenchstudiesandliteratureclasses,MemorialUniversityofferscoursesinFrenchinotherfaculties.
– TheprovincialgovernmentdeliversFrench-languageservicesthroughtheOfficeofFrenchServicesofthePublicServiceSecretariatandtheDepartmentofEducation.
WebsitesFédération des francophones de Terre-Neuve et du Labradorwww.fftnl.ca
Le Gaboteurwww.gaboteur.ca
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Activities
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1 2
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5 4
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8 9
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11 6
12
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14
15
Horizontal1. FirstnameofthefictionalheroineoftheDeportationofthe
AcadiansofGrand-Préin1755.4. OnlyofficiallybilingualCanadianprovince(twowords).7. Familynameofthepersonwhoopenedthefirststoreand
salooninDawson.8. Internationally-knowncomedyfestival(threewords).10. OccupationofthefirstFrancophonestoworkinNunavut.11. GroupofearlysailorswhosettledatAnse-aux-Meadows.12. Provincenicknamedthe‘‘other’’Belle Province.14. Adjectivedescribing24areasinOntario.15. Numberofofficiallanguagesrecognizedinlawbythe
governmentoftheNorthwestTerritories.
Vertical2. Nameofaperformancegroup,whichreferstotheDeportation
oftheAcadians(twowords).3. ExplorerwholandedatthefuturesiteofGaspéin1534(two
words).5. NamefortheFrancophonesofSaskatchewan.6. Édouard“the…”Beaupré.9. FirstFrancophonecommunityinBritishColumbia.13. IndividualwhocontestedaparkingticketprintedinEnglish
only(twowords).
Crossword.Puzzle
Identify.the.flags1.TheQuébecflag2.TheAcadiannationalflag3.TheFranco-Ontarianflag4.TheflagoftheFransaskois5.TheFranco-Manitobanflag6.TheflagoftheFranco-Columbians7.TheflagoftheFranco-Albertans8.TheflagoftheFrancophonesoftheYukon9.TheflagoftheFrancophonesofNewfoundlandandLabrador10.TheflagoftheFrancophonesoftheNorthwestTerritories11.TheFranco-Nunavutflag
Group.Work1. DrawupacomparisonchartshowingtheFrench-languageservicesavailablein
eachprovince(eg.,education,healthcare,justice).
2. Severalfactorsplayaroleinthelong-termsurvivaloftheFrenchlanguageandcultureinyourprovinceorterritory:• lawswhichguaranteebilingualservicesineducation,healthcare,thecourt
systemandothergovernmentservices;• alargenumberofnewFrancophoneimmigrants;• schoolsthatofferFrench-languageeducationwhereFrancophonesreside;• manyculturaleventsforFrancophones;• French-languagemediasuchasradio,televisionandnewspapers;• aFrancophonepopulationwithalonghistoryintheregion;• leaderswholobbyforFrancophones;• immersionschools,whereFrenchistaughttoimmigrantsandEnglish-
speakingCanadians;• alargeproportionoftheFrancophonepopulationconcentratedinafewcities
orvillages;• bilingualstatusforcertaincitiesandvillages.
Arrangethesefactorsinorderofimportance.Bepreparedtojustifyyourchoices.
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
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WebquestAWebquestisanInternetsearchincyberspace.Itisawayforteacherstointroducestudentstothetechniquesoftheme-basedInternetresearch.Inthistypeofactivity,theteacherintroducesaworkingmodel(asituation,ataskorsometools),aswellasrelevantresources(Websites).Thefollowingproject,avirtualinquiry,exploresthethemeof“DiscoveringCanada’sFrancophonecommunities”andinvitesstudentstodotheirresearchontheInternet.ToaccesstheFrench-onlyWebsite,typewww.cyberquete.caandselectRechercherfromthemenu.Atthebottomofthescreenonthenextpage,gotoVisionner une cyberquête,andtypeinthenumber450.
The Situation
ItisthefirstofJuly,andanewfamilyhasjustmovedintothehousenextdoor.Youhavejustmetthem.TheyareniceandtheyspeakFrench.Theparents,whosechildrenareaged10to19,arefromanotherprovinceandfeelalittlehomesick.Thegrandmotherliveswiththemandfeelslonely.TheyhavetofindaFrench-languageschoolforthechildrenandwaysforthefamilytobecomeacquaintedwiththelocalFrenchcommunity.Togetherwithyournewfriends,youcheckyourcomputerforWebsiteswithanswerstotheirquestions.
The Task
1. Findthestreetaddresses,telephonenumbersande-mailaddressesofthefollowingschools:• thenearestprimaryorelementaryFrench-languageschool;• thenearestFrench-languagehighschool;• acollegethatofferscoursesinFrench.
2. PreparealistofaddressesandtelephonenumbersthatcanassistthefamilyinfindingwhereFrench-languageservicesareavailable.• ahospital;• alawfirm;• governmentservicesfora:
– healthcard;– driver’slicence;
• placeswheretheygiveart,karate,music,singingordanceclassesforchildren;• abookstoreordepartmentstorewhereyoucouldfindgreetingcards,DVDs,
andbooksinFrench;• apublicorschoollibrary.
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Cyberquête.no.450.:.À.la.découverte.de.la.francophonie.au.Canada
This booklet was produced by the Ministerial Conference on the Canadian Francophonie in partnership with the Fédération des communautés francophones et acadienne du Canada.We would like to thank the Rendez-vous de la Francophonie as well as our partners within each provincial and territorial department of Education in Canada.Writing and Desktop Publishing: Centre franco-ontarien de ressources pédagogiques Graphic Design of the poster on the francophonie canadienne: www.glsdezign.com
Francophone Secretariat
Francophone Affairs Program
Acadian and Francophone Affairs Division,
Intergovernmental Affairs
French Language Services Secretariat
Department of Intergovernmental and International Relations
Office of Acadian Affairs Department of Culture, Language, Elders and Youth
Office of Francophone Affairs
Canadian Intergovernmental Affairs Secretariat
Office of French Language Co-ordination
Office of French Services Official Languages Division
Bureau of French Language Services
Canadian Heritage Privy Council Office, Intergovernmental Affairs,
Official Languages
Members of the Ministerial Conference on the Canadian Francophonie:
ISBN 2-922742-28-8© Ministerial Conference on the Canadian Francophonie and Fédération des communautés francophones et acadienne du Canada, 2006
3. Organize a few Francophone cultural or tourist outings over the summer (e.g. shows, festivals, museums and local tourist attractions).
4. Plan a few outings for the different members of the family so they can get to know people of their own age:• a summer camp;• a Senior’s club;• any group that might be of interest to any member of the family. (Your
choice!)
Web Tools– Websites listed in the accompanying guide
– Portals of the Francophone communities of Canada:• www.culturecanada.gc.ca• www.franco.ca• www.fcfa.ca• www.passepart.ca• www.radio-canada.ca/regions/• http://collections.ic.gc.ca/F/index.html• www.afi-ifa.ca
Crossword: Francophone communities of Canada
1. Évangéline (Name of the fictional heroine of the Deportation of the Acadians of Grand-Pré in 1775.) 2. Grand Dérangement (Name of a performance group, which refers to the Deportation of the Acadians
(two words).) 3. Jacques Cartier (Explorer who landed at the future site of Gaspé in 1534 (two words).) 4. New Brunswick (Only officially bilingual Canadian province (two words).) 5. Fransaskois (Name for the Francophones of Saskatchewan) 6. Giant (Édouard “the…” Beaupré.) 7. Ladue (Family name of the person who opened the first store and saloon in Dawson.) 8. Juste pour rire (Internationally-known comedy festival (three words).) 9. Maillardville (First Francophone community in British Columbia.)10. Whaling (Occupation of the first Francophones to work in Nunavut.)11. Vikings (Group of early sailors who settled at Anse-aux-Meadows.)12. Alberta (Province nicknamed the “other” Belle Province.)13. Georges Forest (Individual who contested a parking ticket printed in English only (two words).)14. Bilingual (Adjective describing 24 areas in Ontario.)15. Eleven (Number of official languages recognized in law by the government of the Northwest
Territories.)
Identify the flags 1. K 2. A 3. D 4. G 5. I 6. B 7. F 8. C 9. E 10. J 11. H
Answers
