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8/13/2019 Think Fuel-Butanol
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Introduction to Biobutanol Some literature on butanol by biochemical or
ethanol conversion route is discussed briefly
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o Butanol is a flammable alcohol that can
be made from fossil fuels like petroleum.
o
Also, by a bioprocess from renewablesources such as corn grain or stalks, cobs,
or other agro-wastes.
o In the petroleum industry, butanol has been
reserved mainly for the solvent andcosmetics markets, which tend to bring
higher prices, rather than the motor fuel
market.
o The term biobutanolrefers to butanol madefrom renewable resources such as grain or
cornstalks by fermentation process.
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n-Butanol Applications
o Solventfor paints, coatings, varnishes
o Plasticizersto improve how a plastic material processes
o Coatingsas a solvent for a variety of applications,
o Chemical intermediate or raw materialfor other chemicals
and plastics,
o Textilesas a swelling agent from coated fabric
o Cosmeticsmakeup, nail care products, shaving products
o Drugs and antibiotics, hormones, and vitamins
o Gasoline (as an additive) and brake fluid (formulation
component)
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o Butanol can be used to power your car.
o It is safer than gasoline, will give you better
mileage
o It will increase the amount of energy derived
from biomass in comparison to ethanolby
2442%.
o We could mitigate CO2emissions quickly by
doing something that is applicable to every
gasoline-consuming car already on the road.
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Reasons for not going for fuel butanol earlier:
o The A B E fermentation process yields only 1.3 gallons of
butanol/bushel of corn, whereas yeast fermentation produces 2.52
gallons of ethanol/bushel of corn.
Its low final concentration (0.6%) compares poorly with that of
ethanol from yeast fermentation (1015%); the 12% alcohol
concentration in the A B E- fermentation combination is sufficient
to kill the fermenting bacteria.
Butanols boiling point (117C) is higher even than that of water. At
the 12% final batch concentration, there is a lot of water to boil
off, which is expensive..6
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Production breakthrough reported
Environmental Energy, Inc.(EEI), an Ohio
company led by David E. Ramey, reported on its
website www.butanol.coma breakthrough _yields
of 2.5 gallons of butanol per bushel of corn..
It has developed a process which makes
fermentation-derived butanol more
economically viable and competitive with
current petrochemical processes and with the
production of ethanol.
http://www.butanol.com/http://www.butanol.com/8/13/2019 Think Fuel-Butanol
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David E. Ramey: How could butanol yield be increased
and production costs decreased? I solved 3major
problems with the ABE process by: increasing the yield of butanol from 1.3 gallons/bushel
of corn to 2.5 (thus making it similar to that of ethanol by
yeast fermentation);
overcoming the problem of the low final concentrationof 12% by developing a recovery process that removes
the solvents continuously and precludes accumulation to
a level lethal to the microbe; and
solving the expensive recovery problem associated with
the high boiling point by sparging carbon dioxide
(produced by the fermentation) through the broth,
stripping the butanol and then letting a gravity process
increase the concentration before removing the
remaining water.
ButylFuel.
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ButylFuel.
In his butanol production method, Ramey takes the
approach of using two types of microbes in two
separate process steps. The first pass
optimizes the production of hydrogen and butyric
acid, while the second pass converts this acid into
butanol. Each step utilizes a different Clostridium
strain. The article reported that other processes had
also tried the use of multiple bacteria strains, but
within the same slurry, making Rameys separation
approach unique.
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The patent EEI holds is U.S. No. 5,753,474:
Continuous Two Stage, Dual Path Anaerobic
Fermentation of Butanol and Other Organic
Solvents Using Two Different Strains of Bacteria.
Some of the EEI work has been done through a
U.S. Department of Energy research grant, a
collaboration between Ramey and Shang- Tian
Yang, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering at Ohio State University.
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New Catalysts to Convert
Ethanol to Butanol Fuels
Submitted by admin on April 23, 2013
by Chris Hanson (Ethanol Producer Magazine)
Researchers from U.K.s University of Bristol reported
the development of new catalysts that are able to
convert ethanol to butanol at the national meeting
and exposition of the American Chemical Society.
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Duncan Wass, professor at the University of
Bristol and his group said
the new catalysts are similar to those usedin modern petrochemical technology,
potentially allowing existing ethanol
producers to avoid high retrofitting costs
while allowing for the production of bothethanol and butanol.
Unlike current technology, Wass said the
new catalysts are more selective and yield
95 percent butanol out of the total products
from each batch in laboratory-scale tests.
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Physical Property i-butanol n-butanol Ethanol
Density at 20C (g/cm) 0.802 0.810 0.794
Boiling Point at 1 atm (C) 108 118 78
Water Solubility at 20C (g/100mL
water)8.0 7.7 Miscible
Net Heat of Combustion (BTU/gal) 95,000 93,000 80,000
R+M/2 103.5 87 112
Blend RVP (psi at 100F)1 5.0 4.3 18-22
Biobutanol Projecting the 3rd
Wave
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Company Bug Bug
Strategy
Molecule Fermentation
Process
Separation
Strategy
Development
Status
Gevo Yeast GMO UCLA
Valinemetabolism
iso-buoh Semi batch vacuum flash in situ
removal followed bydistillation trains
2010 Operating pilot in
St. Johns, MO. 2011Commercial
Cobalt Biofuels Clostridium Non GMO strain
reduced etoh
and acetone
n-buoh for
blending
w/gasoline,
diesel, jet
Continuous modified
ABE Fermentation
vapor compression
distillation
2010 pilot 10-35k gpy
2011 demo 2-5m gpy
2012 commercial
Tetra Vitae Clostridium
beijerinckii
Non GMO
selected for
reduced etoh
production
n-buoh and
acetone 2:1
Semi batch "AB"
Fermentation
Carbon dioxide
stripping continuous
in situ removal
followed by
distillation trains
2009 300 liter bench
2010 10,000 liter pilot
Butyl Fuel Clostridiums Aceto
& tyro
GMO & mutant
strain
n-buoh Continuous two stage
dual path anaerobicfermentation
stripping following
immobilized cellbioreactors
Unknown
Syngas Biofuels
Energy
Fermentation of
Syngas
GMO n-buoh Thermochemical
catalyst
NA Unknown
Status Butanol Companies
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Many unknowns remain for the future of butanol.
Certainly the work of BP and DuPont and of
Environmental Energy, Inc. - and any others who enter
the butanol efforts - will be observed with interest.
Will butanol production reach a cost effective level?
Will it reach commercial scale viability? If these
milestones are achieved, does it compete with or
complement ethanol?
At this point, its more questions than answers on the
butanol front. THANK YOU