Thin-Film Compound Semiconductor Photovoltaics—2007assets.cambridge.org/97811074/08661/frontmatter/... · 2014. 6. 11. · Shimpei Teshima, Tetsuji Okuda, Shigeru Niki, Keiichiro

Thin-Film CompoundSemiconductor

Photovoltaics—2007

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Cambridge University Press978-1-107-40866-1 - Thin-Film Compound Semiconductor Photovoltaics—2007: MaterialsResearch Society Symposium Proceedings: Volume 1012Editors: Timothy Gessert, Ken Durose, Clemens Heske, Sylvain Marsillac and Takahiro Wada

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MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETYSYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS VOLUME 1012

Thin-Film CompoundSemiconductor

Photovoltaics—2007

Symposium held April 9-13, 2007, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.

EDITORS:

Timothy GessertNational Renewable Energy Laboratory

Golden, Colorado, U.S.A.

Ken DuroseDurham University

Durham, United Kingdom

Clemens HeskeUniversity of Nevada - Las Vegas

Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S.A.

Sylvain MarsillacUniversity of ToledoToledo, Ohio, U.S.A.

Takahiro WadaRyukoku University

Seta, Otsu, Japan

IMIRIS1Materials Research Society

Warrendale, Pennsylvania







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CONTENTS

Preface xv

Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings xvi

GROWTH AND PERFORMANCE OFCOMPOUND THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS

Preparation of Cu(In1.xGax)Se2 Thin Films and Solar CellsUsing a Se-Radical Beam Source 3

Shogo Ishizuka, Akimasa Yamada, Hajime Shibata,Keiichiro Sakurai, Paul Fons, Koji Matsubara, andShigeru Niki

Temperature-Dependent Degradation Modes in CdS/CdTeDevices 9

David S. Albin, Samuel H. Demtsu, Anna M. Duda, andWyatt K. Metzger

Investigation of ZnO:Al Doping Level and DepositionTemperature Effects on CIGS Solar Cell Performance 15

Joel N. Duenow, Timothy A. Gessert, David M. Wood,Brian Egaas, Rommel Noufi, and Timothy J. Courts

InGaAs Solar Cells Grown on Wafer-Bonded InP/SiEpitaxial Templates 21

James M. Zahler, Katsuaki Tanabe, Corinne Ladous,Tom Pinnington, Frederick D. Newman, andHarry A. Atwater

NOVEL MATERIALS AND PROCESSES

* Composition Control in the Deposition of Cu(InGa)(SeS)2

Thin Films 29William Shafarman, Gregory Hanket, and Shiro Nishiwaki

Fabrication and Characterization of Cdi_xMgxTe Thin Filmsand Their Application in Solar Cells 37

Ramesh Dhere, Kannan Ramanathan, John Scharf,David Young, Bobby To, Anna Duda, Helio Moutinho,and Rommel Noufi

*Invited Paper







Nanostructured ZnS:In2S3 Buffer Layers on Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2:Can Voltage and Efficiency be Improved Through InterfaceInhomogeneities on a Scale Below the Minority CarrierDiffusion Length? 43

Nicholas A. Allsop, Christian Camus, Sophie Gledhill,Thomas Unold, Martha Lux-Steiner, Thomas Niesen,and Christian-Herbert Fischer

Effects of Different Fluorine Dopants on the Properties ofthe Tin Oxide Window Layer and CdTe/CdS Solar Cell 51

Xiaonan Li, Mailasu Bai, Joel Pankow, Sally E. Asher,Helio Moutinho, and Tim Gessert

* Zn-Based Buffer Layer and High-Quality CIGS FilmsGrown by a Novel Method 57

Akira Yamada, Fanying Meng, Yoshiyuki Chiba,Masahiro Kawamura, and Makoto Konagai

Growth and Characterization of Chalcopyrite Nanocrystals:Beyond Conventional Thin Films 69

David Fuertes Marron, Sebastian Lehmann, Justyna Kosk,Sascha Sadewasser, and Martha Ch. Lux-Steiner

Transparent Back Contacts in CdTe/CdS: Evaluation forTandem Cells 75

Viral Parikh, Anthony Vasko, Alvin D. Compaan,and Sylvain Marsillac

Towards Lower Deposition Temperatures of SprayDeposited ZnO Films 81

Sophie E. Gledhill, Nicholas Allsop, Pablo Thier,Christian Camus, Martha Lux-Steiner, andChristian Herbert Fischer

POSTER SESSION I

In Situ Characterization of As-Grown Surface of CIGSFilms 89

Hirotake Kashiwabara, Shimpei Teshima,Kazuya Kikunaga, Kazunori Takeshita,Tetsuji Okuda, Kozo Obara, Keiichiro Sakurai,Shogo Ishizuka, Akimasa Yamada, Koji Matsubara,Shigeru Niki, and Norio Terada

* Invited Paper

VI







Room Temperature Growth of Indium Oxide Films byReactive Ion Beam Assisted Deposition 95

Kai Wang, Yuriy Vygranenko, and Arokia Nathan

Study of CIGS Solar Cells Back Contact 101Sylvain Marsillac and Himal Khatri

Comparative Studies of the Structure and Microstructureof Zn2x(CuBni)i.xX2 Semiconductors (Bm=Ga,In; X=S,Se,Te) 107

Susan Schorr, Gerald Wagner, Michael Tovar,and Denis Sheptyakov

Electroluminescence From Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin-Film SolarCells 115

Thomas Kirchartz, Julian Mattheis, and Uwe Rau

First-Principles Calculations on the Zni_xMgxO WindowLayer Material for CIS Thin Film Solar Cells 121

Tsuyoshi Maeda, Akio Shigemi, and Takahiro Wada

Fabrication of (Cu,Ag)InSe2 Thin Films by a Combinationof Mechanochemical and Screen Printing/SinteringProcesses 129

Syuusuke Nomura, Yoshihiro Matsuo, andTakahiro Wada

Validation of the p-Type Behavior of an Ag-Doped ZnSeFilm Grown Heteroepitaxially on GaAs(lOO) Substrate 133

Takashi Narushima, Hiroaki Yanagita, andMasahiro Orita

The Effect of Porosity of Metal Zinc Films on theFormation of ZnO Prepared by Thermal Oxidation 139

Liang-chiun Chao and Chung-chi Liau

Study of Band Alignment at CBD-CdS/Cu(Ini_xGax)Se2

(x = 0.2 - 1.0) Interfaces by Photoemission and InversePhotoemission Spectroscopy 145

Shimpei Teshima, Hirotake Kashiwabara,Keimei Masamoto, Kazuya Kikunaga,Kazunori Takeshita, Tetsuji Okuda, Keiichiro Sakurai,Shogo Ishizuka, Akimasa Yamada, Koji Matsubara,Shigeru Niki, Yukio Yoshimura, and Norio Terada

vn







Copper-Indium-Boron-Diselenide Absorber Materials 151Natale J. Ianno, Rodney J. Soukup, Tobin Santero,Chad Kamler, James Huguenin-Love, Scott A. Darveau,Jiri Olejnicek, and Christopher L. Exstrom

All-CSS Processing of CdS/CdTe Thin-Film Solar Cells withThin CdS Layers 157

Alan R. Davies, J.R. Sites, R.A. Enzenroth, W.S. Sampath,and K.L. Barth

Surface Morphologies and Optical Properties of HomoepitaxialZnO Grown by Close-Spaced Chemical Vapor Transport 163

Koji Abe, Tetsuya Tokuda, Yuta Banno, andOsamu Eryu

Cu-Doped ZnSe Film with Stoichiometric Composition Depositedat Room Temperature Using Compound Sources 169

Masahiro Orita, Takashi Narushima, and Hiroaki Yanagita

The Formation of CuIn(S,Se)2 Thin Film Solar Cell AbsorbersFrom Electroplated Precursors 175

Stefan Jost, Frank Hergert, Rainer Hock, Torsten VoB,Jorg Schulze, Andreas Kirbs, Michael Purwins,Volker Probst, and Jorg Palm

Characterization of CdS/CdTe Solar Cells Fabricated byDifferent Processes 181

T. Potlog, G. Khrypunov, M. Kaelin, H. Zogg, andA.N. Tiwari

Photocurrent Spectral Distribution and Relaxation inCdS/CdTe Heteroj unctions 189

Sergiu A. Vatavu, Petru A. Gasin, Chris S. Ferekides,and Iuliana M. Caraman

On the Origins of Impurities in CdTe-Based Thin FilmSolar Cells 195

Mahieddine Emziane, Douglas P. Halliday, Ken Durose,Nicola Romeo, and Alessio Bosio

Formation of Cu2ZnSnS4 and Cu2ZnSnS4-CuInS2 ThinFilms Investigated by In Situ Energy Dispersive X-rayDiffraction 201

Alfons Weber, Immo Kotschau, Susan Schorr, andHans-Werner Schock

vin







DEFECTS AND IMPURITIES

* Metastable Defect Distributions in CIGS Solar Cells andTheir Impact on Device Efficiency 211

Malgorzata Igalson

Understanding Metastable Defect Creation in CIGS byDetailed Device Modeling and Measurements on BifacialSolar Cells 223

Jin Woo Lee, David Berney Needleman,William N. Shafarman, and J. David Cohen

Energetics of Both Minority and Majority CarrierTransitions Through Deep Defects in Wide BandgapPentenary Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 Thin Film Solar Cells 229

Adam Halverson, Shiro Nishiwaki, William Shafarman,and J. David Cohen

Study of Recombination in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells byTime-Resolved Photoluminescence 235

Sho Shirakata and Tokio Nakada

TEM Study of Locations of Cu in CdTe Solar Cells 241Yanfa Yan, Kim Jones, Jie Zhou, Xuanzhi Wu, andMowafak Al-Jassim

INDUSTRIAL PERSPECTIVES

* On Industrial Production of Thin Film CdTe PV Modules 249Dieter Bonnet

* The Next Generation of Thin-Film Photovoltaics 259J.K.J. van Duren, C. Leidholm, A. Pudov,M.R. Robinson, and Y. Roussillon

CONTACTS AND INTERFACES

Variable Light Soaking Effect of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 SolarCells with Conduction Band Offset Control of Window/Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Layers 271

Takashi Minemoto, Yasuhiro Hashimoto, Takuya Satoh,Takayuki Negami, and Hideyuki Takakura

*Invited Paper

IX







Study of Band Alignment at the Interface Between CBD-CdSand CIGS Grown by H2O-Introduced Co-Evaporation 277

Norio Terada, Hirotake Kashiwabara, Kazuya Kikunaga,Shimpei Teshima, Tetsuji Okuda, Shigeru Niki,Keiichiro Sakurai, Akimasa Yamada, Koji Matsubara,and Shogo Ishizuka

Exploring Back Contact Technology to Increase CdS/CdTeSolar Cell Efficiency 283

Alan L. Fahrenbruch

GRAIN BOUNDARIES ANDINHOMOGENEITIESI

Impact of Nonuniformities on Thin Cu(In,Ga)Se2 SolarCell Performance 293

Ana Kanevce and James R. Sites

Analysis of Band Gap Fluctuations in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 byConfocal Optical Transmission and Photoluminescence 299

Levent Gtitay and Gottfried H. Bauer

GRAIN BOUNDARIES ANDINHOMOGENEITIES II

Can Grain Boundaries Improve the PerformanceofCu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells? 309

Kurt Taretto and Uwe Rau

On Coincidence Site Lattice Modeling of Twins inthe Sphalerite and Chalcopyrite Structures 315

Ken Durose

Preferred Orientation, Grain Sizes and GrainBoundaries of Chalcopyrite-Type Thin Films 321

Daniel Abou-Ras, Melanie Nichterwitz,Christian A. Kaufmann, Susan Schorr, andHans-Werner Schock

A Neutral Barrier at CGS Grain Boundaries—Compositional and Structural Dependencies 327

Michael Hafemeister, Susanne Siebentritt,Sascha Sadewasser, Christiane Frank-Rotsch,and Martha Ch. Lux-Steiner







STRUCTURAL, OPTICAL AND ELECTRONICCHARACTERIZATION I

Real-Time Investigations on the Formation of Cu(In,Ga)Se2

While Annealing Precursors Produced with a Combinationof Sputtering and Thermal Evaporation 335

Stefan Jost, Frank Hergert, Rainer Hock, and Michael Purwins

POSTER SESSION II

The Effect of Ionizing Radiations on the Structural, Electricaland Optical Properties of AnBVI Polycrystalline Thin FilmsUsed as Solar Cell Materials 343

Lucian Ion, Vlad Andrei Antohe, Marian Ghenescu,Oana Ghenescu, Rosemary Bazavan, Mihai Danila,Marius Marin Gugiu, and Stefan Antohe

Characterization of Thin Films CuIni_xAlxSe2 Prepared bySelenization of Magnetron Sputtered Metallic Precursors 349

Guillaume Zoppi, Ian Forbes, Paresh Nasikkar, andRobert W. Miles

Quantum Efficiency Measurements to Deduce Non-IdealSolar-Cell Features 355

Timothy J. Nagle, Alan R. Davies, and James R. Sites

Electron-Backscatter Diffraction of Photovoltaic Thin Films 361Helio Moutinho, Ramesh Dhere, Chun-Sheng Jiang,Bobby To, and Mowafak Al-Jassim

Highly Arsenic Doped CdTe Layers For The Back Contactsof CdTe Solar Cells 367

Vincent Barrioz, Yuri Y. Proskuryakov, Eurig W. Jones,Jon D. Major, Stuart J.C. Irvine, Ken Durose, andDan A. Lamb

Influence of Metal Impurity Defects on the Electrical andOptical Properties of ITO Films on the PEN Substrates 373

Hauk Han and Terry L. Alford

Bandgap Engineering in Indium Sulfide Thin Films byTin Mixing 379

Meril Mathew, C. Sudha Kartha, Vijayakumar K.P,John Elgin, and Parameswar Hari

XI







Kinetics of Charge Trapping and Emission in CIGS Solar Cells 385Aleksander Urbaniak, Malgorzata Igalson, and Susanne Siebentritt

Electron Spin Resonance and Ultra Violet (UV) Photoluminescenceof Ge Implanted CuGaSe2 Thin Films Prepared by the CCSVT(Chemical Close-Spaced Vapor Transport) Technique 393

Serge Doka, Jasmin Hofstetter, Marin Rusu, Ernest Arushanov,Lips Klaus, Thomas Schedel-Niedrig, and Martha Ch. Lux-Steiner

Mechanical Properties of Indium Tin Oxide on PolyethyleneNapthalate Substrate 401

S. Bhagat, Y. Zoo, H. Han, J. Lewis, S. Grego, K. Lee,S. Iyer, and T.L. Alford

Influence of Deposition Parameters on the Morphology of CdTeFilms and on the Performance of CdTe Solar Cells 407

Mathias Hadrich, Sebastian Mack, Heinrich Metzner,Udo Reislohner, and Wolfgang Witthuhn

Ail-Chemically Deposited Solar Cells with Antimony Sulfide-Selenide/Lead Sulfide Thin Film Absorbers 413

Sarah Messina, M.T.S. Nair, and P.K. Nair

Optical Properties of Strained Polycrystalline CuInS2 Layers 419Jens Eberhardt, Heinrich Metzner, Riidiger Goldhahn,Florian Hudert, Kristian Schulz, Udo Reislohner,Thomas Hahn, Janko Cieslak, and Wolfgang Witthuhn

Electronic Defects and Device Performance in CuGaSe2 Solar Cells 425J. Jedediah Rembold, Todd W. Curtis, Jennifer T. Heath,David L. Young, Steve W. Johnston, and William N. Shafarman

CdS/CdTe Solar Cells Made by High-Rate Magnetron Sputtering 431Victor Plotnikov and Alvin Compaan

SnS Thin Films in Chemically Deposited Solar Cell Structures 437David Avellaneda, M.T.S. Nair, and P.K. Nair

Study of the Electronic Properties of Matched Na-Containingand Reduced-Na CuInGaSe2 Samples Using JunctionCapacitance Methods 445

Peter T. Erslev, Adam Halverson, William Shafarman,and J. David Cohen

xn







Revisiting CdS-PbS Solar Cell Structure 451Harumi Moreno Garcia, O. Gomez-Daza, J. Campos,M.T.S. Nair, and P.K. Nair

Optical Absorption at Digitally and Continuously GradedIndium Gallium Nitride Schottky Barriers 457

Choudhury Jayant Praharaj

Hgi_xCdxTe as the Bottom Cell Material in Tandem II-VI SolarCells 463

Viral Parikh, Jie Chen, Sylvain Marsillac, Robert W. Collins,and Alvin D. Compaan

CuGaSe2-Based Solar Cells with High Open Circuit Voltage 469Raquel Caballero, Susanne Siebentritt, Christian A. Kaufmann,Carola Kelch, Daniel Schweigert, Thomas Unold, Marin Rusu,Hans-Werner Schock, and Martha Ch. Lux-Steiner

Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Prepared From Electrodeposited CuGaSe2/CuInSe2 Bilayer for Solar Cell Applications 475

Yusuke Oda, Takashi Minemoto, Hideyuki Takakura,and Yoshihiro Hamakawa

STRUCTURAL, OPTICAL AND ELECTRONICCHARACTERIZATION II

* Polarized Luminescence of Defects in CuGaSe2 483Susanne Siebentritt, Sven Augustin,Niklas Papathanasiou, Damon Hebert,Angus Rockett, Jiirgen Biasing, andMartha Ch. Lux-Steiner

The Mechanism of J-V "Roll-Over" in CdS/CdTe Devices 491Jie Zhou, Xuanzhi Wu, Yanfa Yan, Sally Asher,Juarez Da Silva, Suhuai Wei, Lothar Weinhardt,Marcus Bar, and Clemens Heske

Tailoring the Work Function of Chalcopyrite Thin Filmswith Self-Assembled Monolayers of Thiols 497

Sebastian Lehmann, David Fuertes Matron,Marcus Bar, Iver Lauermann, Harry Monig,and Martha Ch. Lux-Steiner

* Invited Paper

xni







Pressure Dependent Rapid Thermal Processing of CuInS2

Thin Films Investigated by In Situ Energy Dispersive X-rayDiffraction 503

Immo Michael Kotschau, Humberto Rodriguez-Alvarez,Cornelia Streeck, Alfons Weber, Manuela Klaus,Ingwer Asmus Denks, Jens Gibmeier, Christoph Genzel,and Hans-Werner Schock

Author Index 509

Subject Index 513

xiv







PREFACE

This volume contains papers from Symposium Y, "Thin-Film Compound SemiconductorPhotovoltaics," held April 9-13 at the 2007 MRS Spring Meeting in San Francisco, California.The symposium was one of a regular sequence of international meetings on thin-film solar cellsand materials held alternately between the European MRS (E-MRS) and the MRS Spring Meetings.

At the present time, research on advanced photovoltaic cells is gaining increased momentum andpopularity as materials solutions to a global energy problem stemming from reliance on fossil fuels aresought. This process starts at the nano-scale where the understanding of atom migration, defect creation,and electrical junction formation forms the base of technology, as emphasized by H-W. Schock (Hahn-Meitner-Institut, Berlin) and S. Shirakata (Ehime Univ., Japan).

It continues at the device scale, where improved efficiencies and new device engineering areimplemented notably on flexible substrates as described by A.N. Tiwari (ETH) for bifacial CdTe cellson polymer substrates. Device modeling, presented by J.R. Sites (Colorado State Univ.), and in situmonitoring of materials properties such as ellipsometry, presented by R.W. Collins (Univ. of Toledo),are also a key component toward achieving high efficiency. This work effort culminates at the mega-to giga-watt power generating scale, with module manufacturing. D. Eaglesham (First Solar) andC. Eberspacher (Nanosolar) presented the results of their companies on CdTe and Cu(In,Ga)Se2,respectively, emphasizing the importance of materials science even at that scale.

In several open discussion sessions, the connections between science and industrial practice werehighlighted: the enthusiastic participation in all of the oral presentations, poster and discussion sessionsof Symposium Y emphasized the importance of exchange and communication, beyond the science.

The organizers were particularly pleased by the success of the Young Scientist Tutorial. Itsphilosophy was to promote questions and discussion from young researchers and those new to thefield, and to have experienced researchers present the tutorial lectures. This format was a resoundingsuccess—there were over 200 attendees, many coming from other symposia at the Spring Meeting.

On behalf of all who attended, the organizers offer their thanks to all those who made oral and posterpresentations at the symposium, and to the MRS staff who handled the practical arrangements at theMeeting. Thanks also to Sergiu Vatavu and Joel Duenow who were so kind as to act as symposiumassistants. We especially appreciate the efforts of those who submitted manuscripts for publication, andto those who participated in the refereeing process. We are also grateful to the MRS publication team whofacilitated that process and the publication of this proceedings volume. Daniel Abou-Ras deservesparticular thanks for his efforts in organizing the Young Scientist Tutorial, and we thank all the speakersfor their superb contributions and course notes.

Support for the symposium is gratefully acknowledged from the following organizations: AppliedMaterials, Inc.; CERAC, Inc.; First Solar, Inc.; NREL; Pilkington North America, Inc.; Rocky MountainLaboratories, Inc.; Sanyo Technology Center USA; Sigma Instruments; SoloPower; AFOSR; UK PV Net;and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, University of Toledo.

Timothy GessertKen DuroseClemens HeskeSylvain MarsillacTakahiro Wada

August 2007







MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS

Volume 989— Amorphous and Polycrystalline Thin-Film Silicon Science and Technology—2007, V. Chu,S. Miyazaki, A. Nathan, J. Yang, H.W. Zan, 2007, ISBN 978-1-55899-949-7

Volume 990— Materials, Processes, Integration and Reliability in Advanced Interconnects for Micro- andNanoelectronics, Q. Lin, E.T. Ryan, W-L. Wu, D.Y. Yoon, 2007, ISBN 978-1-55899-950-3

Volume 991— Advances and Challenges in Chemical Mechanical Planarization, C. Borst, L. Economikos,A. Philipossian, G. Zwicker, 2007, ISBN 978-1-55899-951-0

Volume 992E—Deposition on Nonplanar Substrates, D. Josell, M. Brett, C. Witt, M. Ritala, 2007,ISBN 978-1-55899-952-7

Volume 993E— Pb-Free and RoHS-Compliant Materials and Processes for Microelectronics, E. Chason, 2007,ISBN 978-1-55899-953-4

Volume 994— Semiconductor Defect Engineering—Materials, Synthetic Structures and Devices II, S. Ashok,P. Kiesel, J. Chevallier, T. Ogino, 2007, ISBN 978-1-55899-954-1

Volume 995E—Extending Moore's Law with Advanced Channel Materials, S. Chakravarthi, R. Arghavani,G. Klimeck, 2007, ISBN 978-1-55899-955-8

Volume 996E—Characterization of Oxide/Semiconductor Interfaces for CMOS Technologies, Y. Chabal,A. Esteve, N. Richard, G. Wilk, 2007, ISBN 978-1-55899-956-5

Volume 997— Materials and Processes for Nonvolatile Memories II, T. Li, Y. Fujisaki, J. Slaughter,D. Tsoukalas, 2007, ISBN 978-1-55899-957-2

Volume 998E —Nanoscale Magnetics and Device Applications, S.S. Xue, 2007, ISBN 978-1-55899-958-9Volume 999E —Novel Semiconductor Materials for Room-Temperature Ferromagnetism, C.R. Abernathy,

S. Bedair, P. Ruterana, R. Frazier, 2007, ISBN 978-1-55899-959-6Volume 1000E—Functional Interfaces in Oxides, 2007, ISBN 978-1-55899-960-2Volume 100IE—Progress in High-Temperature Superconductors, P. Barnes, D. Lee, C. Park, N. Amemiya,

J. Reeves, 2007, ISBN 978-1-55899-961-9Volume 1002E—Printing Methods for Electronics, Photonics, and Biomaterials, G. Gigli, 2007,

ISBN 978-1-55899-962-6Volume 1003E—Organic Thin-Film Electronics—Materials, Processes, and Applications, A.C. Arias,

J.D. MacKenzie, A. Salleo, N. Tessler, 2007, ISBN 978-1-55899-963-3Volume 1004E—Materials and Strategies for Lab-on-a-Chip—Biological Analysis, Microfactories, and Fluidic

Assembly of Nanostructures, S. Grego, J.M. Ramsey, O. Velev, S. Verpoorte, 2007,ISBN 978-1-55899-964-0

Volume 1005E—Advances in Photo-Initiated Polymer Processes and Materials, A. Guymon, C. Hoyle,M. Shirai, E. Nelson, 2007, ISBN 978-1-55899-965-7

Volume 1006E—Transport Behavior in Heterogeneous Polymeric Materials and Composites, J. Grunlan,D. Bhattacharyya, E. Marand, O. Regev, A. Balazs, 2007, ISBN 978-1-55899-966-4







MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS

Volume 1007— Synthesis, Processing, and Properties of Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Materials, R.M. Laine,C. Sanchez, C. Barbe, U. Schubert, 2007, ISBN 978-1-55899-967-1

Volume 1008E—The Nature of Design—Utilizing Biology's Portfolio, R.R. Naik, C.C. Perry, K. Shiba,R. Ulijn, 2007, ISBN 978-1-55899-968-8

Volume 1009E—Advanced Materials for Neuroprosthetic Interfaces, D.R. Kipke, S.P. Lacour, B. Morrison III,D. Tyler, 2007, ISBN 978-1-55899-969-5

Volume 1010E—Functional Materials for Chemical and Biochemical Sensors, E. Comini, P-L Gouma, V. Guidi,X-D. Zhang, 2007, ISBN 978-1-55899-970-1

Volume 101 IE—Materials for Architecture, D.S. Ginley, K.E. Uhrich, BJ. Faircloth, J-J. Kim, 2007,ISBN 978-1-55899-971-8

Volume 1012— Thin-Film Compound Semiconductor Photovoltaics—2007, T. Gessert, K. Durose, S. Marsillac,T. Wada, C. Heske, 2007, ISBN 978-1-55899-972-5

Volume 1013E—Organic and Nanoparticle Hybrid Photovoltaic Devices, 2007, ISBN 978-1-55899-973-2Volume 1014E—Three-Dimensional Nano- and Microphotonics, P.V. Braun, S. Fan, AJ. Turberfield, S-Y. Lin,

2007, ISBN 978-1-55899-974-9Volume 1015E—Hybrid Functional Materials for Optical Application, A. Cartwright, T.M. Cooper, A. Koehler,

K.S. Schanze, 2007, ISBN 978-1-55899-975-6Volume 1016E— Materials and Material Structures Enabling Terahertz Technology, E. Stutz, I. Wilke,

K. Kreischer, Q. Hu, 2007, ISBN 978-1-55899-976-3Volume 1017E—Low-Dimensional Materials—Synthesis, Assembly, Property Scaling, and Modeling,

M. Shim, M. Kuno, X-M. Lin, R. Pachter, S. Kumar, 2007, ISBN 978-1-55899-977-0Volume 1018E—Applications ofNanotubes and Nanowires, L. Chen, M. Hersam, 2007,

ISBN 978-1-55899-978-7Volume 1019E—Engineered Nanoscale Materials for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Disease, V.A. Hackley,

A.K. Patri, J. Stein, B.M. Moudgil, 2007, ISBN 978-1-55899-979-4Volume 1020— Ion-Beam-Based Nanofabrication, D. ILA, J. Baglin, N. Kishimoto, P.K. Chu, 2007,

ISBN 978-1-55899-980-0Volume 102IE—Surface and Interfacial Nanomechanics, R.F. Cook, W. Ducker, I. Szlufarska, R.F. Antrim,

2007, ISBN 978-1-55899-981-7Volume 1022E—Nanoscale Heat Transport—From Fundamentals to Devices, S.R. Phillpot, S. Volz,

T. Borca-Tasciuc, M. Choi, 2007, ISBN 978-1-55899-982-4Volume 1023E— Functional Nanoscale Ceramics for Energy Systems, E. Ivers-Tiffee, S. Barnett, 2007,

ISBN 978-1-55899-983-1

Prior Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings available by contacting Materials Research Society







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Thin-Film Compound Semiconductor Photovoltaics—2007assets.cambridge.org/97811074/08661/frontmatter/... · 2014. 6. 11. · Shimpei Teshima, Tetsuji Okuda, Shigeru Niki, Keiichiro