TheSwitch 21x21cm Technical-Brochure Final-3.0 110502

7/27/2019 TheSwitch 21x21cm Technical-Brochure Final-3.0 110502

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WIND POWERELECTRICAL DRIVE TRAINOptimized permanent magnet generator

and full-power converter package


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Switch up to superior permanentmagnet generator technology

Presenting The Switch Drive TM:Optimized permanent magnet generator andull-power converter package

PMG technology has only recently become the obviouschoice or the wind power industry. The worlds topturbine manu acturers, which earlier used only double-ed induction generator (DFIG) technology, have nowlaunched PMG and FPC solutions. Moreover, severalindependent studies by industry specialists haveconcluded that PMGs and FPCs represent the pre erreduture drive train technology.

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Although the DFIG is still the most commonly usedgenerator technology, this is rapidly changing. Theindustry is now looking to move up to better overallsystem e ciencies, reliability and ault ride-through(FRT) capability.

Speci cally designed or the wind power business,The Switch DriveTM is an optimized PMG and FPCpackage. This unique drive train allows active powerextracted rom the turbine, as well as the reactive powerproduced, to be individually and precisely controlled overthe entire operating speed range.

Better e ciencyPMGs have distinct advantages over conventional double-ed machines. They typically produce e ciency levels upto 98% at the rated point. When used in low-speed, directdriven applications, generator eciency is not as high, butthe need or a gearbox is eliminated, creating excellentoverall drive train e ciency.

Better partial load ratesThe true strength o a PMG solution is in partial loadsituations the state in which turbines most o ten operatedue to wind inconsistency. PMG e ciencies remain veryhigh, close to nominal value, over a wide range o speeds.Plus, they produce much higher energy yields.

The choice ormore energy

When calculating the annual energy production or di erent drive train systems,PMG/FPC solutions come out on top every time, with the best system e cienciesachieved by direct driven and medium-speed PMGs. Even the high-speed PMGsystem o ers remarkable e ciency over DFIG systems.

G R I D P E R F O R M A N C E

E ICIENCY/RELIABILITY

FIXED SP D

DOUBLE FED

PMG +

fu -power co erter

P M G t e c h n o

l o g y


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The Switch PMG is a simple orm o synchronousgenerator that requires no connections or energy eedto the rotor. Since permanent magnets are placed onthe rotor to create excitation, PMGs do not require anyseparate excitation, which reduces costs, simpli es thesystem and improves system e ciency.

The design virtually eliminates rotor losses. By drivingthe generator with an optimal power actor, stator-sidelosses are also minimized. When operating at lowerspeeds in partial loads, rotor losses are considerable inDFIG machines. DFIG machine losses are both copperand harmonic losses. In PMG machines, rotor lossesare only harmonic losses, which are relatively small incomparison with DFIGs, which have higher harmoniclosses due to the short air gap.

Wide range o speedsBy allowing a wide range o speeds, the drive train canrun at the optimized operational point or the turbine.Control is based on the optimum turbine curve and is notlimited by the drive train, thereby providing better partialload rates.

A double- ed machine has only a limited speed rangethat does not allow the turbine to ully adapt to actualsite conditions. Instead, it has a quite high e ciencyat ull speed. The converter needed or variable speedoperation is typically rated at only 30% o the ullgenerator power.

At partial speed, however, the PMG/FPC systemeciency is signi cantly higher. A major contributor is

the active power that has to be injected into the DFIGrotor at sub-synchronous speeds, contributing to its losso e ciency at low speed.

No slip rings or brushes minimum maintenanceUnlike DFIGs, PMG technology uses no slip rings orassociated brushes, which signi cantly reduces the needor maintenance. Induced sha t voltages and bearingcurrents have caused many bearing ailures in windturbine drive trains. Moreover, the brushes create coal

dust, a problem that does not exist with PMG technology.

Magnetization retained during grid-loss stableoperationThe DFIGs magnetic eld is provided by the rotors three-phase winding supplied through the converter. Excitationor the DFIG requires external energy, which meansadditional losses and extra cooling. In grid-loss situations,the double- ed generator magnetization is lost. PMGsboast good operation in ault situations, as the excitationis retained in a grid-loss situation.

Grid ault ride-through high grid compatibilityFRT capability and 100% reactive power compensationcapability are also reasons why PMG technology issuperior. The active power extracted rom the turbine, aswell as the reactive power produced, together with thegenerator sha t torque, can be individually and preciselycontrolled over the entire operating speed range.

The FPC enables the power to be delivered at unity or ata leading or lagging power actor, eliminating the reactivepower voltage drop, which otherwise can contribute tosystem voltage instability during grid disturbances.

Features Bene tsOperational area romzero speed and power

Energy production also atlow wind speeds

No win din gs in ro to r Les s r is ks wit h b ea rin g c ur ren ts

Minimal losses Maximize the energy

B ru sh le ss o pe ra tio n No mai nt en ance o sl ip rin gs

Excitation is not lost in grid-loss situation

Good operation in aultsituation

High pole count possible Nominal speed reely design-able

Rotor can be made partlyhollow Reduced mass and inertia

The Switch port olio: any power, any speed.

P e r m a n e n t m a g n e t g e n e r a t o r s

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

P O W E R ( M W )

LOW MEDIUM

TAILORED STANDARD

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Permanent magnet generatordesign advantages

Design tools and process In the design o every generator, The Switch qualitydepends on numerous details rom the start. The designteams care ully select the proper materials to use oreach component and accurately calculate the machineso that it unctions fawlessly at all the di erentoperational points.

Design considerationsThe Switch considers worst-case scenarios in itsdesigns, including three-phase short circuits atmaximum operating temperatures, which canlead to demagnetization.

Todays PMG designs take advantage o the latest andbest tools, such as the nite element method (FEM),advanced cooling methods, as well as the s election ostronger magnets, such as Neodymium-Iron-Boron(NdFeB).

The rst s tage o the design includes rough calculationsusing well-known equations. The second stage nalizesthe design and veri es both the design and machinedimensions using FEM.

With nite element calculations, it is p ossibleto get

Accurate loss distribution and machineeciency, which then helps in designingthe cooling system

Short-circuit forces to determinethe mechanical strength o the supportingstructure

Voltage waveform and all harmonicrequencies

Currents during short circuit to properly

dimension protective devices Parameters for di erent operational points

Finite element analysis and machine calculationsFinite element analysis (FEA) and advanced machinecalculation programs optimize the PMG design, studyworst-case scenarios and design the machine in a waythat assures long li e and reliable operation under allnormal and abnormal conditions. This includes studieso 2-phase and 3-phase short circuits and how externalelds a ect the magnets.

Reduction o torque pulsationsA properly designed PMG considers torque pulsations.Speed-controlled electrical drives and low-speedsystems in particular may have severe vibrationinteractions with the mechanical system.

The most di cult torque ripple requencies are lowerthan a ew hundred hertz. Any such remaining torqueripple in this requency range may be ampli ed in themechanical systems and cause mechanical resonance inthe electrical machines. There ore, dynamic interactionis reviewed to control these systems.


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Thermal calculation or cooling Thermal calculations are implemented at an early designphase to ensure that the generator design is highlyreliable. The Switch calculates the overall heat fowtogether with the cooling air fow using sophisticatedmethods.

By optimizing the cooling system in the design phase,we are able to achieve bet ter overall e ciency orour customers. In addition, careul thermal modelingshortens the prototypes lead-time, allowing asterproduct delivery times.

FEM showing PMG fux under normal conditions.

Electromagnetic calculation tools 2D or 3D niteelement method

The Switch uses commercial 2D or 3D FEMcalculations or other specially tailored programs

to con rm its PMG designs. These ensure thehighest possible end-product quality and longoperational li e.

Customized softwareAdditionally, we have our own customized so twareor the complete electromagnetic design usedin the PMGs. These programs provide accuratedimensioning o active parts, magnet shapes and

dimensions, the winding layout and coggingtorque. They also calculate electrical parameters,such as current, e ciency, losses, power actor,equivalent circuit parameters and other.

Mechanical calculation and design tools 3D modeling program Mechanical strength calculation programs Bearing calculation programs

Fluid dynamic calculations or thermal design computational fuid dynamics (CFD) simulationsAll designs are made with 3D drawings.

Magnet area

Demagnetization limit @ 80 C

Magnet outer surfaceMagnet inner surface

1.0

Pole pitch

B (

T )

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

-0.2

-0.4

Inner and outer magnet fux densityduring a short circuit.


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Topologies

Outer/inner rotorThe Switch o ers both outer and inner rotorgenerators or direct driven turbines.

Outer rotor generator: New plat orm or easyturbine integrationThe new outer rotor machine eatures highlyintegrated components built to last. Requiringminimal maintenance, the simple, straight orwarddesign integrates the main sha t, main bearings,gearbox and mechanical brake into a single generatorcombination with reduced weight. The generatorshares a common bearing with the turbine itsel ,and the turbines brake system is integrated aspart o the generator. Bene ts are simplicity, ewercomponents and thereore, higher reliability.

Superior insulationTo ensure the highest possible quality, The Switch isworking together with one o the worlds leading insulationmanu acturers. As part o the close collaboration, thepartner company makes a precise analysis o the typeo insulation used in each generator type.

A mica-based insulation system with vacuum-pressureimpregnation (VPI) has been selected or all applications,because it alleviates any elevated voltage stress comingrom the requency converter.

Winding options Form wound

Most standard winding option in the market Over 75 years of proven reliability in operation Better utilization of copper

Litz wire Minimized skin e ect for high-frequency

applications Ideal option for high-speed applications

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For newcomers to modern wind power technology,The Switch outer rotor generator o ers a ast-track way to make a high-per ormance turbine.It enables the best possible energy yield in varyingwind conditions, thereby maximizing annual energyproduction.

Inner rotor generator: The choice or gearedapplicationsThe most typical or traditional electrical motor type isradial, where a cylindrical rotor rotates inside a statortube. With a geared application, the traditional innerrotor is a typical choice. It also enables integratedconstruction together with the gear.

The Switch o ers three di erent topologies to cover allapplications with the widest port olio o PMG and FPCpackages available. Each o these three main topologiesis designed or a particular wind generation applicationwith special magnet arrangements to match the speci cconditions.

Low-speed, direct driven permanent magnet generators No gearbox Very low spherical rotor speed

Medium-speed permanent magnet generators Typical ly with a single- or two-stage gearbox Optionally, highly integrated version for

optimized solution

High-speed permanent magnet generators To be used with three-stage gearbox

Windings andinsulation

Machineconstruction

Turbine topology

Coolingarrangement

Magnet assembly

Winding

Inner rotor

Direct driven

IP54 air-to-air heatexchange

Surface mountedmagnets

Form wound coils

Outer rotor Semi-geared

IP54 air-to-liquid heatexchange Magnet assembly onrotor surface Random wound(round wire)

Traditionally geared

IP23 Buried magnets

Litz wire winding

Roebel-bar winding



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Bearings

The Switch o ers three ways to insulate the bearingsinside a PMG to reduce bearing currents

Ceramic ball bearings Insulated bearings Separate insulated bearing housing

We use a special program or bearings that calculates aull li etime analysis o the bearing operation under bothnormal and extreme conditions.

The main cause or undesirable bearing currents inrequency converter driven machines is the commonvoltage caused by the switching in the semiconductors.Insulated bearing solutions work to minimize bearingcurrents.

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CoolingEven though the losses in a PMG rotorare only a raction o those with aDFIG, it is necessary to cool the rotorto eliminate hot spots. The innercirculation adjusts the cooling withexternal cooling ans to optimize thecooling power and eect. This ensuresthe correct amount o cooling in the

di erent parts o the machine.

A secondary circuit may be air or liquidcooled. A heat exchanger can be usedor air-to-air or air-to-liquid cooling.

The e ective cooling concept romThe Switch ensures

A longer lifetime Better protection against

demagnetization Fewer losses in the machine

Other cooling options are available onrequest.

The IP54-class generator is ully closedto e ectively protect against corrosion,enabling the cooling concept to be saeor o shore applications.

SegmentsOne approach from The Switch for direct drivengenerators is based on a patented segmented structure.The machine stator consists o several independentstator segments that can be driven by di erentconverters. Such a segmented structure providesredundancy or the drive, and the turbine may evenremain operable in cases o minor aults in one othe segments.

VoltageThe Switch PMGs typically have a low voltage o 690 V.Especially with a FPC, a low voltage layout (up to 5 MW )is less expensive and does not a ect the energy output.The Switch has also delivered medium voltage machines.

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Full-power converter designadvantages F u l l - p o

w e r c o n v e r t e r s

Why a ull-power converter?The Switch FPC is optimized to work with a rangeo PMG concepts to give the best overall systeme ciency. Designed or the highest-level reliability,the robust line inverter ensures uture-prooelectricity quality to meet the most stringent

international net work requirements or harmonics,ficker and FRT.

By eeding reactive power, The Switch FPC enableseasy and adjustable power actor control and gridvoltage support. This means that all the current can beused or active or reactive power generation, allowing a100% reactive power eed, even in the absence o wind.Flexible active power and torque control ensure smooth

turbine operation in normal energy production andespecially during grid disturbance, as the FPC decouplesthe generator rom the grid.

For turbine manu acturers, The Switch design quality andredundancy guarantee the highest possible availability

and grid compliance. For their customers, this o ersmaximized energy yield.

Modular design to match wind conditionsThe Switch FPC eatures lightweight constructionand modular power packs with liquid cooling to matchall turbine designs and wind conditions. The modularplat orm o ers a ull range o options. Power increasessimply by increasing the number o cabinets.

High-quality electricity: Designed or the highest levelo per ormance and lowest demands on the grid. Therugged The Switch FPC design provides exceptionalault tolerance and grid support through ully testedFRT unctionality, overvoltage and other operationalper ormance eatures. Harmonics and ficker are

extremely low.

Exceptional thermal management: The Switch FPCo ers exceptional thermal management and coolingunctionality.

Extended li etime: Through thermal management orincreased operational reliability and longer componentli e. The Switch FPC uses only state-o -the-artcomponents.

For environmentally challenging sites: Provenper ormance reliability in high temperature and humidconditions with optional active air-conditioning.

Optimized so tware and hardware: Designed speci callyor wind turbine applications.

Easy maintenance: Together with remote monitoringallows or the highest availability.

Redundancy: The modular design assures ullredundancy. I one converter ails, this does not causeturbine downtime. The turbine continues operating at alower power production rate.

Both standard and tailor-made solutions are available.

Dynamic electric brake

Line inverter

Filter capacitors

Grid cabling entry

Generator breaker

Liquid-cooled DU/DT flter

Generator inverter

Filter inductorControl electronics

Generator cabling entry


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Hardware or reliable operation

Varying speed generation to match xed requirementsTodays turbine manu acturers seek to match electricitynetwork regulations that are becoming ever morestringent. A variable speed wind turbine with a synchronous PMG needs a power electronic converter to convertthe generated electrical power to meet the given power

quality requirements o every public distribution network.This power conversion is necessary because the requencyand amplitude o the generator output voltage vary dueto the changing rotational speed o the turbine.

InvertersThe Switch has years o combined experience indesigning, manu acturing and supplying inverters or

all types o industrial use. Based on this expertise, wehave been able to combine just the right key designelements or a success ul wind power generationconverter.

Generator inverter

On the generator side, The Switch has introduceda number o enhancements, including a newliquid-cooled DU/DT lter to smoothen generatorwave orms. The generator inverter convertselectricity rom AC to DC as well as controls generatortorque. A controlled, compact generator breakerisolates the PMG rom the converter when the turbineis at a standstill.

DU/DT lterAs a result o optimal generator control, the generatorinverter creates a pulse-width modulation (PWM)voltage wave orm rom the generator inverters output.Voltage is ormed by utilizing ast switching insulatedgate bipolar transistors (IGBT). The role o the DU/DTlter is to smoothen the ast voltage transients causedby switching and a sudden change in voltage level.As part o The Switch PMG/FPC optimized package,the DU/DT lter works so that bearing currents are

negligible. Without bearing currents, bearing wear isnon-existent, and generator li etime is signi cantlyextended.

The Switch DU/DT lter o ers a balance betweenreduced losses, while not endangering the generatorsinsulation, which results in costly maintenance orcomplete turbine ailure. Customers have a choice o thepreerred medium-per ormance DU/DT lter or the high-per ormance DU/DT lter, recommended only or specialoperational circumstances.

F u l l

- p o w e r c o n v e r t e r s

No DU/DT flter>2000 V/s

Medium-per ormanceDU/DT flter~1000 V/s

High-per ormanceDU/DT flter


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DC linkBetween the generator and line inverters, a capacitorbank orms an intermediate DC link. The FPC includes aDC pre-charging circuit that prevents excessive in-rushcurrents during start-up. The DC link capacitors areintegrated in the inverters, making the module compactand easily cooled.

Line inverterLine-side per ormance has been signi cantly improved,with FRT and lower grid harmonic content. Improvedsynchronization means that the in-rush current is lowerwhen the converter connects to the grid. Further, the lineinverter converts electricity rom DC to AC and controlsthe DC link by eeding generator power to the grid.

Grid lterThe new grid LC lter, with its choke and capacitorbank, smoothens grid wave orms. The Switch grid ltercleans the line inverter output power to match the utilitygrid regulations. The preerred topology is a LC lter,which consists o capacitors and a liquid cooled inductor.Optionally, advanced and high-performance topologiesare available to meet todays strictest requirements.

The LC lter has been care ully designed to work asan integral part o The Switch PMG and FPC packageresulting in extremely low harmonic distortion. Inaddition, it helps to determine the quality o the poweroutput to the grid.

Dynamic electric brakeThe dynamic electric brake consists o a DC choppermodule and resistors that protect the DC link romovervoltage during a sudden grid loss and allowssmooth torque control through the event. The primaryunction o the dynamic electric brake is to ensureturbine grid connection during a ault event by enabling

converter control to handle energy fow in an optimalevent-by-event manner and adding protection againstpossible transient voltages.

The concept o the dynamic electric brake is expandableup to ull-power braking within a certain time range.In a longer ull-power electric braking scheme, thegenerator and gearbox are not a ected by events onthe utility grid, as the converter keeps the torqueconstant during ride-through. In addition to smoothride-through unctionality, careul dimensioning oresistors enables a cost-e ective way to restore powerproduction back to the pre- ault level in a very shorttime.

Smart protective componentsWith smart protection management, the ailure oone component does not impact other components.Protective components include the main circuit breaker,which provides isolation rom the grid and integrateddigital protection relay, and ast semiconductor usesthat protect the converter in case o ailure.

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Grid voltage

Speed

Torque

Time

Without dynamic electric brake

Grid voltage

Speed

Torque

Time

Grid voltage

Speed

Torque

Time

Light-duty dynamic electric brake

Heavy-duty dynamic electric brake

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Line

inverter

Filter unit

Grid


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CabinetThe Switch cabinet rame design is exceptionally rugged.Cabinet construction is o class IP54 to withstandharsh environmental conditions, humidity and hightemperatures. The cabinet eatures easy access ormaintenance needs.

As a de ault, an in-built cabinet condition monitoringsystem provides corrective actions to prevent theconverter rom starting in case o excessive humidity,condensation or i the converter is exceeding the allowedtemperature range.

The Switch FPC cabinet is ully enclosed without anyvents to the outside air. This prevents dust rom enteringthe cabinet and allows the FPC to operate reliably wherewinds blow strong.

Piping and other wear parts used with air coolingsystems are eliminated, making the liquid-cooled cabinetvirtually maintenance-ree. There ore, the solid liquidcooling construction is s tronger and more dependable.

Liquid cooling or high reliabilityThe IP54-class converter cabinet is ully liquid cooled.Internal air-to-liquid heat exchangers cool the cabinet airor any non-liquid cooled components. This has becomethe pre erred choice in the industry because it allowsa better power density.

Connection choicesThe Switch can tailor the grid-generator connectionaccording to your speci c needs. Design limitationsare minimal. Based on our experience, we can selectthe connection that will per orm best or the turbinesoperating environment.

BreakersThe Switch FPC is de ault equipped with grid andgenerator breakers. The breakers have integrateddigital protection relays to sa eguard the system romserious damage in the case o ailure or overload. Withthe breakers, it is also possible to isolate the convertersystem rom the turbines electric system when serviceor maintenance work takes place.

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disruptions, making it particularly useul in weaker gridsor larger turbine installations.

Fault ride-through copes with voltage dropsThere is simply no way to avoid grid transmissiondisturbances caused by bolts o lightning, equipment

ailures or power lines that are down. Wind turbineshave traditionally responded to these voltage drops byswitching o -line to protect their unctions until gridrecovery. Conventional double- ed turbines with thestator directly connected to the grid do not have anybuilt-in ability to ride smoothly over disturbances. Thisis why they su er during grid ault events rom heavymechanical and electrical stress, loss o control or evencomponent ailure.

FRT, however, provides an alternative approach to copewith these disturbances, and can be used e ectively inPMG and FPC packages. The converter s tays connectedduring all kinds o grid aults and even includes zero-voltage ride-through capability. Continuous torqueand active power control are ensured. The Switch FPCsupports the grid with reactive current during the dip andstabilizes grid voltage and frequency. Optionally, it candistribute active current to the network.

The Switch has ully tested the FRT per ormance o itsFPC or symmetrical and asymmetrical voltage drops aswell as phase jumps with extremely good results.

Current harmonics/fickerRecently, there have been increasing regulations oncurrent harmonics and ficker, or voltage fuctuation,especially as this has been a growing concern in the windindustry.

Using both the generator inverter DU/DT lter andthe line inverter LC lter ensure the highest possibleelectricity quality. This results in a proven total harmonicdistortion (THD) o 5%. In addition, The Switch fickerco-e cient is extremely stable.

The exceptionally low THD and s table ficker co-e cientplace ewer demands on the electricity network andallow or better connectivity with a wider range o

networks.

Lightning protectionThe Switch lightning protection concept is based on thegeneric IEC 62305 series lightning protection standardand the IEC TR 61400-24 product speci c technicalreport. These represent the maximum level o sa ety inthe case o lightning strikes.

Full powerThe advantage o The Switch FPC is that all energycoming rom the generator goes through a converter andis thus well under control. In addition to 100% reactivepower eed capacity even in the absence o wind, theull-power conversion enables smooth FRT operation

by means o smart control.

Reactive power supportThe Switch FPCs reactive power control supports gridstability by supplying reactive power on demand or ona scheduled basis. This automatically maintains thepredetermined grid voltage levels and power qualitywithin a raction o a second. It also reduces the risko voltage collapse and minimizes the impact o grid

F u l l


Terminalblocksof power cables

Terminalblocksof auxiliaryequipment

Separatesensors

Cableracewaysof openstructu re

Allcable terminationswitha 360shielding

LPZ1

LPZ1

LPZ1

LPZ1

LPZ1

LPZ1

LPZ2

LPZ2

LPZ1

LPZ2

LPZ2

Shielded cables shownwitha continuous white

Non-shielded cablesshownwitha brokenline

Converter

Generator

TowerNacelle

LPZ2Turbine controller

World-class grid per ormance

Grid code complianceo The Switch FPC.

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Control fexible and robust

Since The Switch FPC is not as sensitive to changes in thenetwork as traditional converters, it o ers advantageouscontrol fexibility or adapting to ever-changing operatingconditions. The Switch so tware solutions have beendesigned or robust control in tough conditions. We knowyou need connectivity, intelligence and communicationwith your wind turbine system to know what is reallygoing on when you cannot be there.

Wind turbine control connectivityThe turbine controller communicates through the eldbus,giving converter torque, power or speed re erence andcontrol commands. Compatible eldbuses include Pro busDP, CanOpen, Modbus, Modbus over TCP/IP and virtuallyall other industrial buses. As a de ault, The Switch FPCo ers a con gurable data exchange inter ace to theturbine controller, supporting varying needs o di erentturbine models and allowing easy integration o theconverter as a part o the wind turbine.

inter ace to optimize the converter per ormance orvarying conditions. Additionally, customer-specifcunctions or special inter aces can be built into the

application, giving the turbine manu acturer one moredegree o reedom when designing the turbine concept.

All so tware is compatible with the IEC 61 131-3 standard.

On-board diagnosticsIn the case o an unexpected event, the converter storesa per ect set o data or urther analysis. Converterpower modules have their own ault event bu ers,which store the last 30 alarms and aults with the mostimportant status and monitoring values, and a possiblereal-time stamp. The converter also has an inclusivedata logger unction, which stores eight signals or a ewseconds with one millisecond sampling time as a deault.For very ast event hunting, the data logger sampling can

be set even down to 140 microseconds.

Commissioning toolsThe PC-based commissioning tool o ers easy startup,parameter setting, either as a single parameteror by downloading the entire parameter set, anddocumentation. The commissioning tool includes theability to monitor signals, read ault logs as well as setand read the internal data loggers.

Although commissioning is usually per ormed quicklywith the PC, an alphanumeric LCD display panel thatsupports Cyrillic and Chinese letters, is also included as abackup and enables so tware updates in the eld.

Features in The Switch FPC control panel include Startup wizard Multi-monitoring Default page Copy function

Back-up function RS-232 communication

Remote managementThe Switch remote management allows onlinemonitoring or service personnel to gain quickin ormation or rapid decision-making. The unctionalityo PC-based commissioning tools, remote connectivityand the server plat orm create a toolset or maintaininga comprehensive database o the products eldper ormance and service history over the entire li etime.

Remote management consists o Remote terminal inside converter cabinet Controller area network (CAN) based

communication rom remote terminal toconverter control

Optional I/O ports for sensor data Remote management client software Server for communication with remote terminal

and data storage (at The Switch premises)

Our customers only need to provide a safe gateway forEthernet communication.

Digital and analog I/Os are available for control andsignals, such as sa ety chain, interlocks and the possibility to collect process measurement signals rom theconverter to the main control unit.

Application so twareOur software engineering team is experienced and hasin-depth knowledge o wind power applications andcontrol. They understand your demands and tailor theso tware based on the unique requirements to make

the best possible solution.

Among many others, application eatures includeconverter sel -protection against climatic issues, arotating unction to turn the rotor to a locking positionand an automatic alternation o power generatingmodules or low wind situations.

Application packages include a comprehensive parameter

Remote diagnostics andonline monitoring.

The wind turbine controller(WTC) communicates througha feldbus (Profbus DP, CanOpen,Modbus, Modbus over TCP/IP).

Commissioning andservice tools or PC.

HMI operating panel

or each inverter unit.

Digital and analog input/output(I/O) available or control andsignals (e-stop, run enable, etc).

Internet

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TestingOur philosophy is that absolutely everything relevantto reliability will be tested. The Switch has all necessaryequipment to be able to test everything itsel in its actories.

Full-power testing is per ormed on the di erent machinetypes be ore they leave the actory. This includes testing,or example, o the coil constructions. Simultaneous testsor the integrated outer rotor model, which has nobearings o its own, can be run at the test bench or high

and medium speeds.

Detailed type testingThe Switch type testing is a series o more detailed tests,compared with the routine testing that is carried outor every generator. These tests provide more in-depthanalysis about the generator to veri y the machineper ormance.

Measurement equipmentThe Switch has invested in highly accurate measurementequipment speci cally tailored to such demanding typetesting.

The specially designed test eld in The Switch Lappeen-

ranta actory accurately simulates the operating conditionsor a wind turbine nacelle, with ambient and coolanttemperatures, as well as other challenging operatingconditions.

As part o the system test, the PMG and FPC can betested as a package. This allows The Switch to optimizethe drive so that customers get the highest e ciencyrom the system.

Per ormance

Per ormance with The Switch Drive TMallows you toharness more wind power and turn it into more highquality energy or the grid. The per ormance and reliabilityo our PMG and FPC packages are unsurpassed by any

measure.

E ciency: The Switch PMG o ers excellent e ciencythroughout the entire range, starting immediately romzero. Operation at partial loads is especially advantageouscompared with a double- ed model.

Cogging:The electromagnetic design o The SwitchPMG ensures torque ripple below 1%, o ering smooth

operation, low noise and extended gear and machineli etime.

Fault ride-through control: The active power

extracted rom the turbine and the reactive powerproduced can be individually and precisely controlledwith the FPC over the entire operating range.

Low-maintenance operation: Our PMG andFPC packages have been designed or minimalmaintenance and maximum reliability.

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Hong Kong, China (O ce)Hudson, US (Production)Lappeenranta, Finland (Production)Luan, China (Production)Silkeborg, Denmark (O ce)Vaasa, Finland (Production)Vantaa, Finland (Headquarters)

Barcelona, Spain (O ce)Beijing, China (O ce)

Chennai, India (O ce)Deyang, China (Production)

Gumi-City, Korea (O ce)Hamburg, Germany (O ce)

Hangzhou, China (Service hub)

THE WORLD OFTHE SWITCHWE AIM TO BE THE TECHNOLOGY LEADER FOR ELECTRICAL POWER CONVERSIONBY SWITCHING ONE TURBINE AT A TIME WHEREVER ENERGY IS GENERATED.

Documents

TheSwitch 21x21cm Technical-Brochure Final-3.0 110502