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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Alhamdulillah, all praise be to Allah, the Merciful and Charitable. His guidance,
blessing, and affection makes the writer finish the proposal. The writer also wants to send
Shalawat and Greeting to her Prophet, Muhammad SAW, as the messenger of Allah who has
showed the lightness era.
The writer would like to express her deepest gratitude to Ibu Riza Elfana, M.A for her
suggestion and correction in the process of completing this proposal.
Special thanks goes to her beloved Father (M.Sholeh) and Mother (S.Rukayah) for all
their support, material and pray. All of her friend in Darmi’s boarding house (Jl.Tlogomas
Gg.15c No.15a), thanks for their motivation, helping and support.
Malang, April 2012
Retno Fitri Alfianti
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TABLE OF CONTENT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………………………………………………………. 1
TABLE OF CONTENT…………………………………………………………. 2
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study……………………………………………… 3
1.2 Research of Problem…………………………………………………... 4
1.3 Research Objective……………………………………………………. 5
1.4 Scope and Limitation………………………………………………….. 5
1.5 Significance of The Research…………………………………………. 5
1.6 Key Term……………………………………………………………… 5
CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Sociolinguistics………………………………………………………..7
2.2 Language Varieties…………………………………………………… 7
2.3 Dialect…………………………………………………………………8
2.3.1 Regiolect (Regional Dialect)…………………………………... 8
2.3.2 Sociolect (social Dialect)……………………………………….9
2.4 The Description of Research Object…………………………………. 9
2.4.1 Sidoarjo Dialect………………………………………………... 9
2.4.2 Tulungagung Dialect…………………………………………... 10
CHAPTER III : RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design…………………………………………………. 12
3.2 Research Subject………………………………………………….12
3.3 Research Instrument…………………………………………….. 13
3.3.1 Observation……………………………………………….. 13
3.3.2 Interview………………………………………………….. 13
3.4 Data Collection…………………………………………………... 13
3.5 Data Analysis……………………………………………………..14
Biblography………………………………………………………………………… 15
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Study
Communication is an activity of sending and receiving information or messages
between two or more people in an effective way, so that the messages are understandable.
In society, people always communicate to establish a relationship. Without
communication, people cannot understand each other.
In order to have good communication in society, people need a media which can be
used to express their ideas or feeling. One of the media which can launch communication
is language. Language is a communication tool for people to interact with other humans.
Therefore, human can express their ideas, emotions, feelings and can exchange
information about anything. The world has a thousand of languages. Even language has
been an identity of a nation. Different country has different languages. Though not all the
languages are different but only a few languages are same and not entirely have the same
pronunciation. Language is not only different in each country, even in one country there
are many languages of the region, or commonly called the local language.
Indonesia is a rich country. It has many ethnics, culture and local languages. Every
region in Indonesia has its own local language. Every local language has its own dialect.
Dialect itself is a part of language, which is spoken by a group of community and
understood by others. Though in one regional, there are many dialects. For instance in
East Java, Madiun dialect is different from Banyuwangi dialect. The same case occurs in
Sidoarjo and Tulungagung, in spite of in one regional, sidoarjo and Tulungagung have
many vocabulary and sound pattern differences.
There are two types of dialects. The first is regional dialect. Regional dialect has a
characteristic that is restricted by area. People who come from outside area have small
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possibility to understand the dialect. The second is social dialect. Social dialect is a
dialect which is used by a certain social community. For instance, people from keraton
(palace) are have different dialect with people are not from keraton.
In this study, the writer prefers to choose Sidoarjo and Tulungagung because when the
writer talked to her friend who comes from Tulungagung, the writer found the vocabulary
differences that cannot be understood by the writer. Moreover, these cities are located in
one regional or province, that is East Java, but they have some differences of vocabularies
and sound patterns. Therefore, the writer chooses this title as a material of the research.
This title is chosen because there is no researcher did this research in the previous
time. Actually many researcher conducted the same field, such as Elpa Nauli Raila (2007)
who studied about dialect differences between Banjarmasin and Amuntai of Banjrese and
Nurul Qadryanti (2006) who studied about dialect varieties used by Sumenep people in
Maduranese regional language.
1.2 Research Problem
Based on the background study stated above, the writer distributes it in some research
questions. They are:
1. What are the kinds of vocabulary and sound pattern differences between Sidoarjo and
Tulungagung?
2. What are the factors influence the vocabulary and sound pattern differences between
Sidoarjo and Tulungagung?
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1.3 Research Objective
The research objectives of the study are directly related to problem of research. They
are as follows:
1. To know the kinds of vocabulary and sound pattern differences between Sidoarjo and
Tulungagung.
2. To know the factors influence the vocabulary and sound pattern differences between
Sidoarjo and Tulungagung.
1.4 Scope and Limitation
In this study, the writer focuses on vocabulary and sound pattern differences found
between Sidoarjo and Tulungagung Javanese dialect. The limitation on this study is only
focusing on dialect of Sidoarjo and Tulungagung in East Java.
1.5 Significance of The Research
The writer expects that the research result will contribute for students of English
Department who are interested in linguistics research dealing with sociolinguistics study
of language variety regional dialect. Besides, this study will give additional information
for other researcher to sociolinguistic research. Furthermore, the result of this study is
also expected to enlarge the knowledge of the reader.
1.6 Key Terms
The writer would give the definition of key terms to avoid misunderstanding in this
study. They are as follow
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a. Dialect
Dialect is a linguistic system that is used by a society to distinguish from other
communities
b. Vocabulary
Vocabulary is a set of words that are known and can be used by someone in a
language.
c. Sound Pattern
Differences between sets of sound and the way in which sound arranged.
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
In this chapter, the writer presents reviews of related literature. Various kinds of
theories will be explained. The writer needs to choose the appropriate theory in order to have
a clear understanding on how the data will be analyze. Theories are needed because they will
be used as the basic foundation in conducting the analysis the data. This study is divided into
three main headings. They are as follows:
2.1 Sociolinguistics
Sociolinguistic is a study of language in relation to its sociocultural context. According to
Trudgill (1990), sociolinguistics is the part of linguistics, which concern with language as an
interaction in social and cultural phenomenon. While Trask (1999) says “sociolinguistics is
the branch of linguistics which studies the relation between language and society”.
Hudson (1996) says that sociolinguistics is “the study of language in relation to society.
In sociolinguistics, we study language and society in order to find out as much as we can
about what kind of thing language is”
From those definition, it means that every aspects of language in the society can be
scientifically studied, and not only learn about language, but also learn about ourselves,
people who use it, live with it and live in it.
2.2 Language Varieties
People do not always speak in exactly the same way. They can speak very formally or
informally. Sometimes they speak in different pronunciation. Some of them speak in high
tone, and some of them speak in low tone. Some are speaking in either fast or slow
intonation.
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Indonesia has a large number of languages. According to Prof. Dr. Krisyani, M. Hum. In
her blog (http://blog.elearning.unesa.ac.id/kisyani/multi-sub-dialek-jawa-di-jawa-timur-dan-
pengaruhnya-terhadap-mata-pelajaran-bahasa-jawa-di-sekolah), downloaded on March 26th
2012, at 20.15, says that Indonesia ranks in second position in terms of the number of
languages. In the first position is Papua New Guinea which has 867 languages, while
Indonesia has 731 languages. This case causes emergence various dialect. Those diversities
are known as language varieties.
Many people think that varieties of language are just incorrect ways of speaking, but
actually they are not, they are just different. The varieties have their own ways of
pronouncing words, their own special vocabulary and even their own grammatical rules.
2.3 Dialect
Dialect is a variety of a language used by people from a particular geographic area. Trask
(1999) said that “dialect is a more or less identifiable regional or social variety of a
language”. It statement means that diversity of dialect can be identified by looking at the
social side and regional side.
2.3.1 Regiolect (Regional Dialect)
Regiolect or regional dialect is a variety of a language spoken by a certain regional.
Regiolect is not a distinct language but a variety of a language spoken in a particular area of a
country. Some regional dialects have been given traditional names which mark them out as
being significantly different from standard varieties spoken in the same place. In regiolect,
the varieties are shown from the pronunciation, choice of words, and syntax. For example,
Kediri and Lumajang located in one area or one regional, that is East Java, but some their
dialects are different. When people in Kediri want to say Besok (in Bahasa) or tomorrow (in
English), they will say sesok, in the other hand, Lumajang will say kesok.
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2.3.2 Sociolect (Social Dialect)
According to Yule (1996), social dialect is varieties of languages used by group defined
according to class, education, age, sex, and a number of other social parameters.
From the definition above, we can conclude that sociolect or social dialect is a variety of
a language spoken by a certain social class.
2.4 The Description of Research Object
In this part, the writer will describe the dialect of Sidoarjo and Tulungagung.
2.4.1 Sidoarjo Dialect
According to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidoarjo_Regency, downloaded on March
26th, 2012, at 21.04, Sidoarjo is a regency of East java, Indonesia. Sidoarjo is bordered by
Surabaya city and Gresik regency to the north, by Pasuruan regency to the south, by
Mojokerto regency to the west and by the Madura Strait to the east. It has an area of 634.89
km², making it the smallest regency in East Java. Below are the boundaries which use
Suroboyoan expected to the region:
Southern Territory:
Perak (Jombang, Sidoarjo, Mojokerto, regency – instead of Tanjung Perak in Surabaya).
Northern Perak territory still use Surabaya dialect, while Southern Perak has been used
Kulonan dialect. Malang (some areas in the district and the city of Malang also use this
dialect).
Northern Territory:
Madura (Some people can use the dialect Madura actively).
West Territory:
Gresik region
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East territory:
It is not certain, but along the central coast of East Java (Pasuruan, Probolinggo to
Banyuwangi) The dialect is also widely used.
From the boundaries above, Sidoarjo dialect is the same as Surabaya dialect or more
known as Suroboyoan language, because according to
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Jawa_Surabaya, downloaded on March 26th, 2012 at
21.06, Surabaya dialect or more commonly known as Suroboyoan language is a dialect of
Javanese spoken in Surabaya and its surroundings. These dialects developed and used by
most of Surabaya and its surrounding communities. Sidoarjo is including in Surabaya
surrounding, it means Sidoarjo is also use Suroboyoan language.
Suroboyoan language can be considered as the most abusive Javanese language.
Many people called this language as basa etanan (bahasa timuran) or in English is East
Javanese language.
2.4.2 Tulungagung Dialect
According to (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulungagung_Regency), downloaded on March
26th, 2012, at 21.33, Tulungagung is a regency of East Java, Indonesia which is located
154 km (96 mi) southwest of Surabaya, the capital city of East Java Province. The other
regencies and areas surrounding Tulungagung are:
North : Kediri Regency
South : Indian Ocean
East : Blitar Regency
West : Trenggalek Regency
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Although Tulungagung located in one province with Sidoarjo, but the dialect of them is
different. Tulungagung and its surrounding are use Kulonan dialect or basa Kulonan.
Kulonan dialect is smoother than etanan dialect. This dialect is much influenced by central
Java as the standard of Javanese language.
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In this chapter, the writer presented the method of gaining and processing the data
under the study. It covers the research design, research object, and research instrument,
method of data collection and method of data analysis.
3.1 Research Design
According to this study, the writer employs descriptive qualitative approach. In
descriptive research, the data that are used consist of words and not numbers. Descriptive
research studies are designed to obtain informant concerning the current status of phenomena
and directed toward determining the nature of situation as it exists at the time of the study
(Ary 2002). The writer used descriptive design because the writer tried to describe and
analyze dialectical differences in vocabulary and sound pattern between Sidoarjo and
Tulungagung.
3.2 Research Subject
This research was not done like other social sciences in general that need a large number
of sample, but this research were done by taking a few informants only. But all of the
informants are native speakers of Sidoarjo and Tulungagung. The objects of the research are
six persons, the details are as follows:
a) 3 persons are native speakers from Sidoarjo. One of them is the writer herself. All of the
informants are speaking in Sidoarjo dialect in daily conversation.
b) 3 persons are native speaker from tulungagung, and they use Tulungagung dialect in their
daily conversation.
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3.3 Research Instrument
In conducting this research, the writer herself was the main instrument in collecting the
data. It means that she planned everything dealing with the research. The writer collects,
classifies, and analyzes the study by herself without any help from other people. The
instruments used by the writer are interview and observation.
3.3.1 Interview
According to Ary (2006), interviews are used to gather data on subjects’ opinions,
beliefs, and feelings about the situation in their own words. The interview is one of the most
widely used methods for obtaining qualitative data.
3.3.2 Observation
Observation is a method of data collection in which the situation of interest is watched
and the relevant facts, actions and behaviors are recorded. Ary (2002) says “qualitative
observation goal is to complete the description of behavior in a specific natural setting”. It
means that there is no manipulation of the subjects’ behavior. This observation was
participant’s observation. It means that the writer went inside to get information.
3.4 Data collection
In conducting the research, the writer has some steps in collected the data
1. Conducted observation by making notes on the dialect that were used by the informants
2. Made conversation with the informants
3. Making informal interview and asked the meaning that they used.
4. Took notes and recorded the interview in the recorder.
5. Collecting the vocabularies from Sidoarjo dialect and Tulungagung dialect in expressing
the same ideas.
6. Comparing all of the data from their differences and similar features.
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7. Take all the data in other documents.
8. Selected the data into the list of data.
3.5 Data Analysis
In this study, the writer have some steps to analyze the data, they were:
1. Identified and analyzed the vocabularies of Sidoarjo and Tulungagung dialect.
2. Arranged the data in the form of table and showed the meaning.
3. Make the conclusion of the vocabulary and sound pattern differences between Sidoarjo
and Tulungagung.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Trask, R.L. 1999. Key Concept in Language and Linguistics. London: Routledge.
Hudson, R.A. 1996. Sociolingistic 2nd edition. London: Cambridge University press.
Trudgill, P. 1990. Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society. Middlesex. England: Penguin Book.
Ary, D, et. Al. 2002. Introduction to Research in Education 6th edition. New York: Wadsworth Thomson
Ary, D, et. al. 2006. Introduction to Research Education 7th edition. USA: Wadsworth Thomson.
(http://blog.elearning.unesa.ac.id/kisyani/multi-sub-dialek-jawa-di-jawa-timur-dan-pengaruhnya-terhadap-mata-pelajaran-bahasa-jawa-di-sekolah , downloaded on March 26th 2012, at 20.15)
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidoarjo_Regency), downloaded on March 26th, 2012, at 21.04)
(http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Jawa_Surabaya, downloaded on March 26th, 2012 at 21.06)
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulungagung_Regency, downloaded on March 26th, 2012, at 21.33)
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