thesis final defense Health Literacy Ppt

The Health Literacy Level Among Patients in

Government Hospitals of Lanao del Norte

Health Literacy

Overall capacity to:

Source

Comprehend

Utilize

Health information within the healthcare setting

Why is it important?

1. 1. The large numbers of people affected

2. 2. Related to poor health outcomes

Why is it important?

3. Increasing rates of chronic disease

4. Health care costs

Theoretical framework

1. Henderson’s 14 Fundamental Needs

2. 14. Learning, Discovering or Satisfying the curiosity that leads

to normal development and health, and using available

health facilities.

Theoretical Framework

1. Peplau’s Interpersonal Theory

2. Client feels need for establishing maximum health or functionality

and motivation to reach this standard of health


1. A patient must master experiences in wc goals are

achieved through perseverance, overcoming obstacles and fr

observing others succeed through sustained effort.


1. Jordan’s Health Literacy Management Theory

2. 8 domains:

3. 1. Patient attitude towards health

4. 2. Understanding health information


1. Jordan’s Health Literacy Management Theory

2. 8 domains:

3. 1. Patient attitude towards health

4. 2. Understanding health information


1. 3. Social Support

2. 4. Socioeconomic Considerations

3. 5. Accessing healthcare services


1. 6. Communication with health professionals

2. 7. Being proactive

3. 8. Using health information

Health literacyAbility to seek health information

Comprehend health information

Utilize health information

Sociodemographic profile

UNESCO: elderly, low monthly income, women, unemployed,

Motivational level

Peplau: Man has need for establishing maximum health or functionality and motivation to reach this standard of good

health.

(Healthy eating & physical activity)

Value/Belief System

Pemder: Each person has unique characteristics that

afffects subsequent actions. Has set of variables for specific knowledge and affect; can be modified by nursing actions

Conceptual FrameworkIndependent variables

Socio-demographic profile:• Age• Gender• Monthly Income• Educational Attainment• Employment Status Motivational level• Healthy Eating Habits• Physical Activity Health Belief/Value System• Health Belief• Diet• Alternative Therapy

Dependent Variable

Health Literacy:

• Seek health information

• Comprehend health information

• Utilize health information

Action Plan

Statement of the Problem

1. 1. What is the sociodemographic profile of the respondents in

terms of:

2. Age

3. Gender


1. Monthly income

2. Educational attainment

3. Occupation

4. Media exposure


1. 2. What is the motivational level of the respondents in terms of:

2. Eating habits

3. Physical activity


1. 3. What are the value/belief systems of the respondents in

terms of:

2. Health attitudes

3. Diet

4. Alternative therapy


1. 4. What is the health literacy level of respondents in terms of:


1. Sourcing health information

2. Comprehending health information

3. Utilizing health information


1. 5. Is there a relationship between health literacy and the clients’

2. Sociodemographic profile


1. Motivational level

2. Value/belief system


1. 6. Based on the findings, what interventions are necessary to

improve health literacy?

Hypotheses

1. Tested at .05 level of significance

2. Ho1: There is no significant relationship between the

patients’ sociodemographic profile.

Hypotheses

1. Tested at .05 level of significance

2. Ho2: There is no significant relationship between the

patients’ health literacy with that of their motivational level.

Hypotheses

1. Ho2: There is no significant difference between the health

literacy level of patients admitted in the two government hospitals.

Hypotheses

1. Ho3: There is no significant difference between the patients’ health literacy with that of their

value/belief system.

Significance of the Study

1. Health Care Institutions

2. Health Professionals

3. Registered Nurses and other healthcare professionals

Significance of the Study

1. Patients

2. Future Researchers

Scope and Delimitations

1. Gregorio T. Lluch Memorial Hospital

2. Lanao del Norte Provincial Hospital

Research Design

1. Descriptive Design

2. Correlational Approach

Locale of the Study

1. Lanao del Norte

2. Iligan City

3. Tubod

Locale of the Study

1. Gregorio T. Lluch Memorial Hospital

2. Lanao del Norte Provincial Hospital

Respondents of the Study

1. Inpatients of GTLMH and LDNPH

Sampling Design

1. Purposive

Research Instruments

1. Structured Questionnaires

2. 1. Profile

3. 2. Health Motivation Scale in Healthy Eating and Physical

Activity


1. 3. Value/Belief System

2. 4. Health Literacy Scale

Validity and Reliability of Instruments

1. Panel of Experts

2. Cronbach’s Alpha

Statistical Treatment

1. Mean

2. Standard deviation

3. Percentage

4. Chi square

5. Logistic regression

Research Design

Descriptive

Correlation

Structured questionnaire

Locale of the Study

Iligan City

Tubod

Lanao del Norte

Locale of the Study

Gregorio T. Lluch Memorial Hospital

Lanao del Norte Provincial Hospital

Respondents of the Study

Inpatients of GTLMH

and LDNPH

Sampling Design

Purposive Sampling

18 years old and above

Not in critical condition

Good mental sate


Purposive Sampling

18 years old and above

Not in critical condition

Good mental sate


Part 1. Sociodemographic Profile

Part 2. Motivational Level

Part 3. Value/Belief System

Part 4. Health Literacy Level


Panel of Experts

Cronbach’s Alpha


Data Gathering

Visit to hospital

Appointment with Chief

NursesIntroduction

Data Gathering

Survey Schedule for 2nd

appointment

Establish rapport

Data Gathering

Survey Schedule for 2nd

appointment

Establish rapport

Data Gathering

Research assistants Purposive

sampling Introduction

Data Gathering

Explanation of procdure Distribution Collection

Data Gathering

Token of gratitude Termination

Statistical Treatment

Sample Mean

Standard Deviation

Percentage

Chi-Square Distribution

Presentation & Analysis of Data

40.80%

59.20%

Figure 4. Histogram Showing Respondents' Sex Distribution

MaleFemale


2.90% 1.90%

12.60%

8.70%

23.30%

23.30%

6.80%

6.80%6.80%

Figure5. Histogram Showing Respondents' Highest Educational Attainment

Never been to school

Elementary Level

Elementary Graduate

High School Level

High School Graduate

Vocational Course Level

Vocational Graduate

College Level

College Graduate


80%

20%

Figure 6. Histogram Showing Respondents' Occupation

Skilled

Non-skilled


2.90%

88.30%

1.90%

1.00%

1.00%

4.90%

Figure 7. Histogram Showing Patients' Media Ex-posure

NoneTelevisionInternetNewspaperJournalsRadio


32.00%

6.80%43.70%

17.50%

Figure 8. Histogram Showing Respondents' Agency

NoneGovernmentPrivateSelf-employed


ProfileN Minimum Maximum Mean

Age 103 18.00 84.00 34.33

Monthly

salary

103 .00 6000.00 1,846.60

Total

103


Motivation Scale in Healthy Eating

Mean Standard deviation

Interpretation

Rank

I have the motivation to eat healthily to have a longer life.

3.33 1.26 Neither Agree nor Disagree

1

I desire to eat healthily to prevent illness.


2

I can engage in healthy eating over a long period of time for the purpose of having stamina.


3




Interpretation

Rank

I want to eat healthily to prevent increase in my weight.


4

For the purpose of being healthy, I will follow the prescribed diet by my doctor.


5

I want to eat healthily to prevent hypertension.


6




Interpretation

Rank

I desire to maintain a balanced diet in every meal.


7

I would persist in healthy eating for the purpose of preserving health.


8

I plan to eat healthy food more often because I want to enjoy healthy aging.


9




Interpretation

Rank

I want to eat healthily to look better.


10

If I have a strong motivation to be healthy to prevent illness.


11

I can persist in healthy eating because I want to be healthy.


12

Over-all mean 3.11 1.1 Neither Agree nor Disagree


Motivation Scale in Physical Activity


Interpretation

Rank

I want to perform activities to be healthy.


1

I perform physical activities to combat heart complications and other diseases.


2

I want to perform physical activities to fight stress.


3




Interpretation

Rank

I want to learn different exercise techniques.


4

I perform physical activities to build up strength.


5

I wish to be healthy by exercising regularly.


6




Interpretation

Rank

I want to perform physical activities to control my weight.


7

I want to exercise to boost my immune system


8

I desire to continue physical activities over a long period of time.


9




Interpretation

Rank

In order to stay fit and strong, I make sure to exercise no matter how busy I am.


10

I want to exercise to improve my mood.


11

I want to exercise regularly for the rest of my life.


12




Interpretation

Rank

I desire to perform activities to stay slim.


13

Over-all mean 3.02 1.1 Neither Agree nor Disagree


Value/belief Systems of the Respondents

Mean SD Interpretation

Rank

Health Attitudes

I get health information only from reliable sources such as doctors and nurses.

2.11 .82 Sometimes 1

I see to it that I am at maximum health and avoid illness at all times.





Rank

I go to the hospital or clinic to seek medical advice.


I am keen on watching TV shows such as Salamat Dok, Pinoy MD, etc.


I make sure that I get health care from trustworthy institutions.





Rank

I take medication only when prescribed by my doctor.


I am eager to seek health information if I get sick.


I rely on the elderly’s health beliefs to restore my health.


Over-all mean 1.99 .52 Sometimes




Rank

Diet

I encourage a healthy lifestyle to my family.


I am a good model to my family and significant others when it comes to diet and exercise.


I see to it that fruits and vegetables are included in my diet.





Rank

I eat healthily. 1.92 .71 Sometimes 4

I avoid fastfood and junk foods. 1.88 .74 Sometimes 5

I make sure that I maintain a balanced diet.


Over-all mean 1.95 .52 Sometimes




Rank

Alternative Therapy

I trust the skills of doctors, nurses and other members of the health care team to care for me whenever I get sick.


I go to a faith healer whenever I get sick.

1.74 2.17 Sometimes 2

I use different plants to restore my health even without the direction of my physician.





Rank

I rely on traditional remedies such as wearing amulets.

1.67 1.18 Never(not true)

4

I use plants and herbal medicines alone to restore my health.

1.65 .74 Never(not true)

5

I am more confident with the skills of mananambal or witch sorcerer and mangagas or spiritual healer compared to that of a doctor.


6

I believe in health superstitions such as buyag.


7




Rank

I am more convinced with the skills of or hilot, the massage healer. compared to that of a doctor.


8

Over-all mean 1.68 .67 Sometimes(somewhat

true)


Health Literacy Level Mean SD Interpretation

Rank

Sourcing information

Listen to information, advices and teachings from healthcare providers.

3.21 1.32 With some difficulty

1

Ask for/read health brochures and posters in hospitals and clinics without difficulty.


2

Solicit opinions of health professionals to make decisions regarding one’s health.


3



Rank

Read information provided by healthcare provider.


4

Know where to find and contact a doctor and set an appointment.


5

Locate health services. 2.81 1.35 With some difficulty

6

Acquire knowledge about health, diseases and lifestyle modification.


7



Rank

Identify services to make decisions. 2.71 1.27 With some difficulty

8

Share personal information such as health history.


9

Fill up medical forms completely and independently.


10

Over-all mean 2.86 .91 With some difficulty


Comprehend health information Mean SD Interpretation

Rank

Able to read and write health instructions 2.99 1.29 With some difficulty

1

Pay for transportation, medication and medical appointments.


2

Listen to information provided, advices and teachings from health care providers.


3

Describe the signs and symptoms of his/her illness.


4



Rank

Understand how to take medications properly.


5

Calculate dosages. 2.84 1.38 With some difficulty

6

Comply with the treatment process. 2.83 1.29 With some difficulty

7

Make decisions in health management.


8



Rank

Adhere to health screening program. 2.66 1.26 With some difficulty

9

Change to a better doctor to get better care or seek second opinion.

2.55 1.22 little difficulty

10

Over –all mean 2.82 .95 With some difficulty

11


Utilize health information Mean SD Interpretation

Rank

Comply with follow up check up. 3.03 1.30 With some difficulty

1

Follow health advices and teachings from the health care team without difficulty.


2

Develop healthy lifestyle changes after hospitalization.


3

Read, write and follow doctor’s prescription.


4



Rank

Adhere to home medications after discharge.


5

Utilize information to make good decisions.


6

Take care of one’s health during and after hospitalization.


7

Take medications independently. 2.79 1.31 With some difficulty

8



Rank

Identify obstacles in health management.


9

Decrease the hospitalization visits. 2.53 1.30 little difficulty

10

Over-all mean 2.86 .91 With some difficulty

Health Literacy levelSourcing information



Health Literacy

level

Likelihood Ratio Chi-square values/ probability of significance

Nominal valued profile

Sex 22.88**/.00 17.83**/.001 11.846*/.019 Sex

Highest Educational Attainment

50.87*/.05 58.003*/.012 51.45*.046 Highest Educational Attainment

Occupation 152.5ns/.99 169.86ns/.96 152.64ns/.997 Occupation

Type of Agency working with

17.046ns/.148 23.88*/.021 15.72ns/.205 Type of Agency

working with

Media Exposure 22.12ns/.304 20.357ns/.101 25.0134ns/.201 Media Exposure


There is no significant relationship between the patients’ health literacy level with that of their

sociodemographic profile.


• Chi-Square analysis results show that the level of health literacy has a significant relationship to the sex, educational attainment and type of agency the respondents are working with. For these variables, the hypothesis is rejected at α = 0.05. For the sociodemographic variables, occupation, media exposure, age and monthly salary, the null hypothesis is accepted at α= 0.05.



motivational level.


Pearson correlation values analysis results show that the level of health literacy has a significant relationship to the motivational level of the respondents. for this variable, the hypothesis is rejected at at α = 0.05.



value/belief system.


Pearson correlation values analysis results show that the level of health literacy has a significant relationship to the value/belief systems of the respondents. for these variables, the hypothesis is rejected at α= 0.05.


• Educational attainment has a significant relationship to the three domains of health literacy, sourcing information, comprehending health information and utilizing health information.


• Occupation has no significant relationship to the three domains of health literacy, namely sourcing information, comprehending health information and utilizing health information.


• The type of agency the patients are working with has no significant relationship to sourcing information and utilizing health information. It has a significant relationship to comprehending health information.


• Media exposure has no significant relationship to the three domains of health literacy, namely sourcing information, comprehending health information and utilizing health information.

Presentation & Analysis of Data• These were found using the Likelihood Ratio Chi-square

values/ probability of significance.

• Age has no significant relationship to sourcing and comprehending health information. It has a significant relationship to utilizing health information.

• Monthly salary has no significant relationship to the three domains of health literacy, namely, sourcing health information, comprehending health information and utilizing health information.

• These were found using the Pearson correlation values/probability significance.

Motivational level and Value/ Belief System

Sourcing information



Pearson correlation values/probability of significance

Motivational Level

Eating Habits .441**/.00 .568**/.00 .452**/.00

Physical activity .55**/.00 .671**/.00 .541**/.00

Value/Belief systems

Health Attitudes .540**/.00 .550**/.00 .562**/.00

Diet .433**/.00 .463**/.00 .471**/.00

Action and Monitoring Plan

Distribute the instrument to all nurses to be able to determine

those at risk for low health literacy


• Make sure the venue is conducive to learning. Make sure that the setting is nonthreatening and

private.


• Make a schedule for interview or questionnaire answering.


• Make appropriate questions.


• Use different types of communication and tools with patients, including vetted pictures and models and

scorecards, to support written and oral communication with patients and their

caregivers


• Use direct and developmentally appropriate communication with

children to build better understanding of their health and

health care


• Use proven methods of checking patient understanding, such as the return

demonstration method, to ensure that patients understand health information and risk and benefit tradeoffs associated with

treatments, procedures, tests, and medical devices


• Ensure that pharmacists provide the necessary counseling to consumers in language they

understand for dispensed medications as required by law


• Use patient-centered technologies at all stages of the health care

process to support the information and decision-making needs of

patients


• Use technology, including social media, to expand patients' access

to the health care team and information


• Participate in ongoing training in health literacy, plain language, and

culturally and linguistically appropriate services and

encourage colleagues and staff to be trained


• Advocate for requirements in continuing education for health care providers who have been working in the field but have not participated in health literacy, cultural competency,

and language access training


• Create patient-friendly environments that facilitate

communication by using architecture, images, and

language to reflect the community and its values


• Refer patients to public and medical libraries to get more

information and assistance with finding accurate and actionable

health information

Findings

• Female patients outnumbered the male patients, comprising 59.2%

(n=61) of the total sample.

Findings

• High school graduates and vocational course undergraduates

dominated among all the other respondents in all levels of

educational attainment.

Findings

• Most of the respondents are skilled workers (n=83) comprising 80.5%

of the total sample.

Findings

• Television is the most utilized form of media when it comes to learning

matters of the health.

Findings

• A bigger portion of the respondents are private employees (n=45) comprising 43.7% of the total sample. Another

huge percentage of the respondents do not belong to any agency as a lot of the respondents are either unemployed or are plain housewives, encompassing 32% of the total sample. Meanwhile 18 respondents are self-employed

composing 17.5% of the all the respondents.

Findings

• One of the criteria to be met by a patient in order to join the study is being at least 18 years old, making it the minimum age of the respondents. The oldest respondent that participated in the study is 85 years old. The average age is 34 years old, with standard deviation of 14.70.

Findings

• The average monthly salary of the respondents is Php 1846.60, with

a standard deviation of Php 1711.15.

Findings

• The overall mean of the respondents’ motivational level in healthy eating is 3.11 with remarks “neither agree nor

disagree”. This may be explained by the patients’ indifference towards healthy eating. They do not eat

healthily for the reason of prolonging life or looking and feeling good and also not to control weight. Considering

the hard times, most people nowadays are eating to sustain life. Food may be considered a luxury by some.

But this indifference or ambivalence is easier to diagnose and remedy than those with low health literacy.

Findings

• The overall mean of the patients’ motivational level in physical activity is 3.02 with remarks

“neither agree nor disagree”. Most of them do not have the time to exercise as physical activity at

work is enough for them. They also are ambivalent in trying out new exercises or wanting

to lose weight through exercise.

Findings

• The study revealed that the patients can source health

information with some difficulty. The overall mean for this domain

of health literacy is 2.86.

Findings

• In comprehending health information, the patients also

experience some difficulty, with an overall mean of 2.82.

Findings

• The overall mean for the third domain for health literacy which is utilizing health information is 2.86

which signifies that the respondents also experience some

difficulty.

Findings• There is a highly significant relationship between sex and sourcing and comprehending health information. There is a

significant relationship between sex and utilizing health

information.

Findings

• There is a significant relationship between the patients’ educational

attainment and sourcing, comprehending and utilizing health

information.

Findings• There is no significant relationship

between the patients’ agency and sourcing and utilizing health

information. There is a significant relationship between the patients’ agency and comprehending health

information.

Findings• Using Pearson Correlation, it has

been found that age has no significant relationship between sourcing and comprehending

information. There is a significant relationship between age and

utilizing health information.

Findings

• There is no significant relationship between the patients’ monthly

salary and health literacy.

Findings

• The motivational level of the patients have a highly significant

relationship with their health literacy.

Findings

• The patients’ value/belief systems of the patients have a highly

significant relationship with their health literacy.

Conclusions

• The respondents have average or middle ground motivation when it

comes to healthy eating and exercise.

Conclusions• The respondents practice good

health attitudes and diet sometimes. They still practice

alternative therapy even without doctor’s prescription and believe in

superstitions with no scientific basis.

Conclusions

• The following null hypotheses have been formulated and tested for rejection or acceptance at a

level of significance of α = 0.05.

Conclusions

There is no significant relationship between the patients’

occupation, media exposure, and monthly salary with that of their

health literacy.

Conclusions• Only the sex and educational attainment

have significant relationship with health literacy. For the agency, it has a significant relationship only with the domain comprehending health information. For the age, it has a significant relationship only with the domain utilizing health information. For these variables, the null hypothesis is rejected at α = 0.05. For the other variables, the null hypothesis is accepted.

Conclusions

–There is a significant relationship between the patients’

motivational level and their health literacy.

• For this variable, the null hypothesis is rejected at α = 0.05.

Conclusions

–There is a significant relationship between the patients’

value/belief system and their health literacy.

• For this variable, the null hypothesis is rejected at α = 0.05.

Recommendations

• Health Care Institutions– Involve yourself in ongoing education in

health literacy that concentrates on increase clear interaction and information design practices

Recommendations

–Engage members of the target population in preparation, development, operation,

distribution, and evaluation of health information.

Recommendations

–Make sure that health and safety information is culturally apt and

interesting.

Recommendations

–Use simple and clear wordings.

Recommendations

–Include specific steps for taking action and aligning information

with services and supports available in the community

Recommendations

–Social media may be used to educate more patients about

their health.

Recommendations

–Ensure access to the Internet and devices that deliver health

information services

Recommendations

–Create documents that demonstrate best practices in

clear communication and information design

Recommendations

• Registered Nurses and other health care professionals– utilize various kind of communication and tools

with patients, including vetted pictures and models and scorecards, to support written and oral communication with patients and their caregivers

Recommendations

–make use of straight and developmentally suitable

communication with children to build better understanding of their health and health care

Recommendations

– employ established means of examining patient understanding, such as the return demonstrations, to ensure that patients understand health information and risk and benefit tradeoffs associated with treatments, procedures, tests, and

medical devices

Recommendations

–Use technology, including social media, to expand patients'

access to the health care team and information

Recommendations

– Advocate for requirements in continuing education for health care providers who have

been working in the field but have not participated in health literacy, cultural

competency, and language access training

Recommendations

–Create patient-friendly environments that facilitate

communication by using images, and language to reflect the community and its values

Recommendations

• Patients– Review and analyze existing laws, policies, and

regulations that make all types of health information (e.g., general health, safety, medication, health care coverage, financing, and informed consent) difficult to use

Recommendations

– Ensure that all consumer health communication—including applications,

benefits materials, rights and responsibilities, letters, and health and wellness information—

incorporate health literacy principles

Recommendations

–Develop campaigns that bring awareness to health literacy

issues in health care organizations

Recommendations

–Build partnerships with physicians as part of a

multidisciplinary team that works to improve the health literacy

skills of the care team and consumers

Recommendations

–Develop metrics to assess organizational results from health

literacy improvement efforts

Recommendations

• Future Researchers– A larger, more representative sample of patient,

both inpatients and outpatients. can be utilized.

Recommendations

–Respondents will not be limited to the wards but to special areas as well such as the emergency department and hemodialysis

unit.

Recommendations

–Situations and other factors that can worsen or exacerbate health

literacy.

Thank you.

Documents

thesis final defense Health Literacy Ppt