thesis book-small

Revitalisation Through Urban Nature,A Better Livable Urban Environment.

Tejgaon Industrial AreaBy Farmin Ahsan

Master Thesis, May 2014

Sustainable Urban Design School of Architecture, Lund University

Author: Farmin Ahsan

Supervisor: Louise Lovenstierne

Examiner: Peter Siöström

Acknowledgments

It gives me great pleasure in acknowledging the support of all the people who played a part in helping me complete my master degree and my final thesis.

I am greatly honored for the help from my supervisor , my teacher and my mentor Louise Lovenstierne here at Lund University of Technology , at the Department of Architecture. She has been my teacher since my first term here in the Sustainable Urban Design course and now throughout my thesis journey has helped me in all ways possible - both educational and simple mental support . Her constant concern and push has helped me a lot to achieve and take my project to the level it is at present.

I would like to thank all my SUDes friends who helped my journey through the master program a ride everyone wishes to have.

I am thankful to Architect Kazi Khaleed Ashraf for his book “Designing Dhaka : A Manifesto For a Better City” which helped me most while working on Dhaka city. I am grateful to Vitti Sthapati Brindo Ltd. and architect Huraera Jabeen for their help during different times of my thesis.

I am grateful to my friend architect Mamunur Rashid Chowdhury for going through the trouble to take the photographs of the site and fellow friends Farzad Ehsan , Nabila Binte Nasir and Nabila Ali for tak-ing their time to help me with information.

I am ever grateful to my parents for their support and for letting me go and fulfill my dream and to make me dream.

Finally , deepest gratitude to my husband Kafi Newaz Khan , a fellow architect , a fellow student , a friend - without his constant help I would have never been able to complete my thesis.

Revitalistaion Through Urban Nature,A Better Livable Urban Environment.


Tejgaon Industrial Area

Table of Contents

AbstractBangladesh Brief Political History Cultural HistoryDhaka History and Background Chronlogical Development of the City Reasons for Growth of the City Analysis of Physical Condition of the CitySite and Design Proposal Site Analysis , Tejgaon Industrial Area Site Analysis Site Images S.W.O.T. Analysis Sketches and Ideas Design ProposalConclusion

Table of References


Abstract

Tejgaon industrial area of Dhaka city is slowly turning into a dead zone, with industries shifting to the suburbs. People are not comfortable travelling through the area with the mere reason of unsafety and do not really come here as there is no activity or place here to make it more alive. Dhaka city has many problems but it also has its share of charm through festivals , its food, its architecture , its customs and rituals and most importantly its people. But what it lacks is interventions small or big throughout the city to give people a little better environment in the city context for better living. My idea of urban na-ture intervention is not only an idea to make Tejgaon Industrial area more liveable and safe and socially acceptable but this idea can be used throughout the city to make Dhaka city more liveable . Urban nature has been brought in to the site and in turn helps to bring in more people into the site and help to make it more alive. This idea of urban nature helps to make the area more livable, more alive and socially more secure, safe and better.


Bangladesh


Bangladesh

Location23°42’N 90°21’E

Bangladesh is located in South Asia, bordered by India in the north, the Bay of Bengal in the east and west, while Myanmar surrounds it on the south. Bangladesh is the eighth most populous country in the world and also among countries along the Tropic of Cancer . Officially known as the People’s Re-public of Bangladesh, it is the fourth largest Muslim country in the world after Indonesia, Pakistan and India.


Bangladesh

Official Name The People’s Republic Of Bangladesh.

Area Total: 144,000 sq km.Land: 133,910 sq km.Water: 10,090 sq km.

LanguageBangla is the state language. English is also widely spoken and understood.

Population March 2013 estimate 150,039,000[3] (8th)Density 1,033.5/km2 (12th), 2,676.8/sq mi

Religions Muslim 88.3%, Hindu 10.5%, others 1.2%.

ClimateTropical; cool, dry winter (October to March); hot, humid summer (March to June); cool, rainy monsoon (June to October)

RainfallLowest 47” and highest 136”.

General Information

Most of the areas of Bangladesh lies within the broad delta formed by the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers. Lands are exceedingly flat, low-lying, and subject to annual flooding. Much fertile, alluvial soil is deposited by the floodwaters. The only significant area of hilly terrain, constituting less than one-tenth of the nation’s territory, is the Chittagong Hill Tracts in the narrow southeastern panhandle of the country. There, on the border with Burma, is Mowdok Mual (1003 m/3292 ft), the country’s highest peak. Small, scattered hills lie along or near the eastern and northern borders with India. The eroded remnants of two old alluvial terraces-the Madhupur Tract, in the north central part of the country, and The Barind, straddling the northwestern boundary with India- attain elevations of about 30 m (about 100 ft). The soil here is much less fertile than the annually replenished alluvium of the surrounding floodplain.


Bangladesh

Bangladesh has been the eastern part of the greater region of Bengal and Dhaka has been its Mughal capital since the 17th century. Bengal as a region has been ruled by Hindu and Buddhist rulers for a very long time and Muslim, Mughal rulers and the British Empire came in very later years. The whole region has a written history dating back to 4000 years. Hindu and Buddhist rules have alternately ruled over Bengal till 1260, followed by Turkish and Afghan rulers for about 3 centuries with finally Mughal rulers and Nawabs ruling form 1576 to 1765. After them came the British Empire ruling till 1947 when the region split and finally Bangladesh was formed in 1971 after independence from Pakistan. As a result all over the country the influence of Hindu, Buddhist, Mughal architecture and planning is exist-ent. Dhaka city has been a capital city of independent Bangladesh but the old part of the city has been the Mughal capital for the part 400 years. Dhaka city used to be known as the “City of Mosques”.

Brief Political History

Bangladesh

Remnants of civilization in the greater Bengal region date back four thousand years to when the re-gion was settled by ancient Dravidian, Indo-Aryan, Tibeto-Burman and Austroasiatic peoples. The ex-act origin of the word “Bangla” or “Bengal” is unclear, though it is believed to be derived from Bang/Vanga, the Dravidian-speaking tribe that settled in the area around the year 1000 BCE. Under Islamic rule, the region came to be known to the Muslim world in Persian as Bangalah.

The region was known to the ancient Greek and Roman world as Gangaridai, meaning “Nation of Ganges”. Though still largely unclear, the early history of Bengal featured a succession of city states, maritime kingdoms and pan-Indian empires, as well as a tussle between Hinduism and Buddhism for dominance. The ancient political units of the region consisted of Vanga, Samatata, Harikela and Pun-dravardhana. The Mauryan Empire led by Ashoka the Great conquered Bengal in the second century BCE. After the collapse of the Gupta Empire, a local ruler named Shashanka rose to power and founded the impressive Gauda kingdom. After a period of anarchy, the Bengali Buddhist Pala dynasty ruled the region for four hundred years, followed by the Hindu Sena Dynasty.

Islam was introduced to the Bengal region during the 7th century by Arab Muslim traders and Sufi missionaries, and the subsequent Muslim conquest of Bengal in the 12th century lead to the rooting of Islam across the region. Bakhtiar Khilji, a Turkic general, defeated Lakshman Sen of the Sena dynasty and conquered large parts of Bengal in the year 1204.

The region was ruled by the Sultanate of Bengal and the Baro-Bhuiyan confederacy for the next few hundred years. By the 16th century, the Mughal Empire controlled Bengal, and Dhaka became an im-portant provincial centre of Mughal administration.

Medieval European geographers located paradise at the mouth of the Ganges, and although this was overhopeful, Bengal was probably the wealthiest part of the subcontinent until the 16th century. From 1517 onwards, Portuguese traders from Goa were traversing the sea route to Bengal. Only in 1537 were

Cultural History



Bangladesh

they allowed to settle and open customs houses at Chittagong. In 1577, the Mughal emperor Akbar permitted the Portuguese to build permanent settlements and churches in Bengal.The influence of European traders grew until the British East India Company gained control of Bengal following the Battle of Plassey in 1757.The bloody rebellion of 1857—known as the Sepoy Mutiny—resulted in a transfer of authority to the crown with a British viceroy running the administration.During colonial rule, famine racked South Asia many times, including the war-induced Great Bengal famine of 1943 that claimed 3 million lives.

The Maratha Empire, a Hindu empire which overran the Mughals in the 18th century, devastated the territories controlled by the Nawab of Bengal between 1742 and 1751. In a series of raids on Bengal and Bihar, then ruled by the Nawab, Maratha demolished much of the Bengali economy, which was unable to withstand the continuous onslaught of Maratha for long. Nawab Ali Vardi Khan made peace with Maratha by ceding the whole of Orissa and parts of Western Bengal to the empire. In addition, a tax – the Chauth, amounting to a quarter of total revenue – was imposed on other parts of Bengal and Bihar. This tax amounted to twenty lakhs (of rupees?) for Bengal and 12 lakhs for Bihar per year.After Maratha’s defeat in Panipat by a coalition of Muslim forces, the empire returned under the Maratha general Madhoji Sindhia and raided Bengal again. The British Empire stopped payment of the Chauth, invading the territory of Bengal in the 1760s. The raids continued until Maratha was finally defeated by the British over the course of three Anglo-Maratha Wars lasting from 1777 to 1818.

The dominance of the East India Company lasted a whole century. As the company became richer and richer, the wealth of the Mughals and the Maratha decreased. When the two empires could no longer tolerate this situation, they gathered up all the soldiers[clarification needed] for an uprising against the British expansion. The rebel forces were actually rebel sepoys against sepoys loyal to the East India Company. The uprising triggered a British military response and started the Indian Rebellion of 1857. After the defeat of the Mughals and the Maratha, they both went into decline and the entire region came under the rule of the British Crown, as ordered by Queen Victoria in her role as Empress of India.

Cultural History


Bangladesh

After the foundation of the British Indian Empire, Bengal was still under the heavy influence of British culture including architecture and art. The Indian Independence Movement was still underway in ef-fort to overthrow the British Empire, and many Bengali people contributed to that effort. At the same time as the Islamic and Hindu conflicts occurred, Bengal would be split into two states.

Cultural History

Dhaka


DhakaGeneral Information

Dhaka Division Dhaka District Dhaka Metro Area Dhaka Urban Area

Division Dhaka Division

District Dhaka District

Establishment 1608 CE

Granted city status 1947

Area • National Capital and Metropolitan Area 360 km2 (140 sq mi) • Water 48.56 km2 (18.75 sq mi)

Elevation 4 m (13.12 ft)

Population (2013)

• National Capital and Metropolitan Area 14,399,000

• Density 45,000/km2 (115,200/sq mi) • Metro 7,000,940 (2008)

• Demonym Dhakaiya

• Literacy rate 95.7%


Dhaka

The word Dhaka is said to refer to the Dhak tree (Butea frondosa), once common in the area; or to Dhak, a huge membranophone instrument from South Asia which was beaten by order of Subahdar Islam Khan I while inaugurating the capital in 1610;[14]. The name Dhaka originates from Dhakeshwari (“The Hidden Goddess”), she is the 800 years old deity of the Divine Mother, whose shrine is located in the southwestern part of the city.[15]Some references also say that it was derived from a Prakrit dialect called Dhaka Bhasa; or Dhakka, used in the Rajtarangini for a watch-station; or it is the same as Davaka, mentioned in the Allahabad pillar inscription of Samudragupta as an eastern frontier kingdom.

The city has historical buildings and settlements from different periods in history. They can be found in different places in the city, especially in the old parts. Starting from the Buddhist and Hindu kingdom to the British rule.

There was existence of Buddhist settlement in Dhaka, dating back to the 7th century by the Kamarupa and Pala Empire until it passed to the control by the Hindu Sena Dynasty in the 9th century. It is said that the name of the city is derived form the Goddess of Dhakeswari’s temple by Billal Sena of the Sena dynasty in the 12th century. It has many market centers, bazaars that still exist, such as the Lakshmi ba-zaar, shankhari bazaar, Tanti Bazaar, Patuatuli, Kumartuli ,Bania Nagar and Goal Nagar. After the Hindu dynasty the Sultanate of Bengal ruled Dhaka and there were also governors from the Delhi Sultanate.

In 1576,a vast part of Bengal came under the rule of the Mughal Empire. During that time Dhaka was the military base. Due to the development of townships and housing the town was experiencing sig-nificant growth in population and the town was named the capital of Bengal under the Mughal rule in 1608. Many mosques and forts and universities were built and Muslims were being excused from paying taxes. As a result Muslims from surrounding areas were coming in and the town slowly was transforming into a city. During this time Dhaka was more a city than a town or a fort and according to Mughal documents recorded under Subahdar Islam Khan, the first administrator of the city, he named

HIstory and Background


Dhaka

it “Jahangir Nagar” (city of Jahangir) in honor of emperor Jahangir. This name was later changed after the death of emperor Jahangir. The city went under major expansion under the rule of general Shaista Khan on orders from emperor Aurangzeb during the 17th century. During that time Dhaka city was 19 by 13 kilometers, with a population of about one million people and over a 100 universities and hun-dreds of mosques. The Mughal rule again weakened after the death of emperor Aurangzeb and hands switched again about the control of Bengal. During this period of the Mughal rule, Islam became the dominant religion in the city and surrounding region.

During the British rule in the Indian sub-continent The British East Indi Company in 1765 gained rights to collect revenue and later took over governing during 1793. During that time the Nawabs of Bengal had to give up all their authority forcefully and Bengal, Bihar and Odisha passed under total British control. During this period the city’s population decreased a lot as Calcutta was slowly gaining promi-nence, modernistaion and development. In 1874 modern civic water supply line was put up in Dhaka and in1878 electricity supply was given. Dhaka cantonment area was developed near the city and this served as the base station for the British and Bengali soldiers. After that the partition of Bengal hap-pened in 1905, and Dhaka became the capital of the new East Bengal and Assam although the whole of Bengal was reunited in 1911. During partition of India in 1947, Dhaka was declared capital of East Pakistan. A large number of Hindus moved to the newly separated India (Hindustan) and the city thus became a large region with many Muslims.

Dhaka in the following years saw a large number of political strikes due to Urdu being made as the sole official language of Pakistan and the tehn East Pakistan(future Bangladesh). The Bengali Language Movement started in the 1950s and went on through 1960s due to demands from the Bengali popula-tion to have Bengali as the official and national language. In 1970 the region saw the Bhola cyclone which devasted most of the region, killing approximately 500,000 people. Half of the city was flooded and poor cyclone relief was being given b y the central government and people’s anger regarding eth-



Dhaka

nic discrimination was increasing. On 7th March 1971 bengali Politician Sheikh Mujibur Rahman held a nationalist gathering at Ramna Rasecourse with about one million people attending it and on 26th march he declared Bangladesh as an independent country. This , thus followed the 9 month long war between Bangladesh and Pakistan and finally on 16th December the Pakistani Army surrendered and Bangladesh gained its independence. Dhaka was announced the nation’s capital.

Dhaka over the years has seen a lot of change and developments , and as a city it has different cultural touches in its urban fabric and buildings. §one can find Armenian churches, British period office build-ings , residences, temples, mosques, great Nawabi mansions.



Dhaka

Dhaka city is home to nearly 15 million people and one of the most rapidly growing cities of the world. The current population of the country is about 160 million and the area of the country is 146,000 square kilometers. Dhaka at the moment ranks as the 9th largest city in terms of population and is predicted to be the 3rd largest by the year 2020 if the current growth continues. Although it is slowly climbing the ladder of mega cities of the world but in respect of living conditions it is slowly sliding down. This is due to prolonged neglect towards planning aspects as it grows.

Dhaka city has always been a center of culture, art, history and opportunities. People over time have always migrated to the city in search of opportunities like many other capitals cities of the world. Dhaka city even now is the main hub of jobs, economy, business, industries, commerce, culture, media, education and jobs in all different kinds of sectors – a hub of jobs even for people form the rural areas. People still flock to the city and try to settle everyday in search of work and opportunity although many times the opportunity is a myth.

Dhaka city was once a world center of the production and export of various fabrics-cotton and muslin in the 17th century and then jute in the 18th and 19th century and now Dhaka is once again a city of weavers and spinners using modern machines and techniques. It is the center of economy of the gar-ment and textile industry. Although low-income people from different rural areas of the country and people from other cities of the country are migrating Dhaka city has not really grown in a planned way. Services of housing and other facilities do exist but they are not happening in a planned way. It can be said that Dhaka city is going through “wild urbanization” as Kazi Khaleed Ashraf, professor of architecture at University of Ha-waii at Manoa has put in his book “Designing Dhaka: A Manifesto For a Better City”. Despite poor gov-ernance and planning it continues to grow and thrive as a major metropolis due its economic viability. Dhaka city is changing no matter what, and the its transformation at a bigger scale is engineered by land owners, developers, financiers, policy-makers and policy – breakers and at a micro level by the migrants, builders of impromptu dwellings, petit vendors and small-time entrepreneurs. Over a period

Chronological Development of The City


Dhaka

of twenty years the population of the city and real estate economy both have boomed- Dhaka has be-come a gold mine of real estate economy. This is visible, as acres of wetland and agricultural land have disappeared to give way to an enormous number of buildings.

Chronological Development of The City

1750600 1850 1950 1980 1990 2002

2050 - Projected Growth of Dhaka Metro Area


Dhaka

Dhaka city is the major scene if one is to look for art, media and cultural aspects. Although different parts of the country has its offerings in music and the arts but in Dhaka, all these aspects come to full bloom through the media. It has many artists, sculptors, singers, poets, dancers, and actors residing in the city and taking part in the media section.

There are annual events and celebrations for Independence Day (26th March) , Victory Day (16th De-cember) , Bengali New year (14th April), Language Martyrs Day (21st February-now the International Mother Language Day), the Ekushey Book Fair (month of February) , First Day of Spring (13th Febru-ary), Last Day of Spring (13th April) . All these cultural festivals, and then there are big festivals for re-ligious rituals such as the Christmas for the Christians, Eid-Ul-Fitr , Eid-Ul-Azha and Muharram, for the Muslims , Kali and Durga puja for the Hindus and the Buddha Purnima for the Buddhists .During the cultural festivals there are festivities going on about the whole city but the most elabo-rate and big festivities are arranged by the Dhaka University and in the Dhaka university area. Many schools, colleges and universities and organisations also arrange for day long programs, and people usually spend the days in the city or visit places in and around the city. The Bengali new year is cel-ebrated with the most grandeur and extravaganza.

Reasons for growth of the city of The City

Art and Culture

Festivals


Dhaka

Dhaka city is famous for its street food. Whether its summer, winter, rainy season or spring people are always ready to stop for a bite at the street stalls, street shops or carts. The tradition and culture is such that it does not matter whether one is going to the office or returning in the evening or maybe taking a walk or going somewhere, they would always stop for a mouth watering delicacy or a cup of tea at the street side tea stalls. Starting from snacks, tea, fruit juices to light meals in small portions. Although Dhaka city suffers from pollution and different problems one does not mind to grab a bite of these mouth watering delicacies .

Dhaka city has many famous universities and schools. People from all over the country come to get admitted and study.

Dhaka city is the main commercial hub of the country. All major companies have their head offices and branch-es in Dhaka.


Street Food and Delicacies

Education

Commercial Hub

Dhaka city is the main industrial hub of the country. It has many industies and most are situated in its subur-ban areas.

Industrial Hub


Dhaka

People keep migrating to the city in search of work and settle , although they do not always find work.


Government Seat

Migration

The Government Seat , Parliament Building is situated in Dhaka City, at its heart.

Crafts


Dhaka

Analysis of the Physical Conditions of the CityMajor River Connections

Current Dhaka City Missing Water Connections of the City

Main Traffic Artery

Dhaka is surrounded by rivers on all sides. It has Padma river on the west and Meghna river on the east and river Turag on the north.


Dhaka

Analysis of the Physical Conditions of the City

Shift of City Center with TIme

Current Circulation Situation Site and Water Development

Urban Open Spaces (Less than 20% Built Area)


Dhaka

Dhaka city currently has 54 parks and 11 playgrounds according to the Dhaka City Corporation. But this number of greens is not sufficient for a city with such a vast population. Even with the existing amount of green area it is not possible for people to relax or take the pleasure of these areas due to many reasons. wetlands and green areas have dissapeared under landfill giving way to new buildings and construction and development.


Vegetation


Dhaka

The water areas of dhaka city have also decreased over the years. All water bodies in the city were connected , but over time and especially over the last 30 years they have lost their connections due to landfill and development. Currently The water bodies are not connected physically or visually. They are maybe some connected with culverts. These cause water logging due to heavy rainfall in the city.


Water Area

landfill and new constructions water-logging in city due to decrease in water bodies


Dhaka

Dhaka city has grown tremendously over the years and especially after its independence. Around 600 A.D. it was a small city, what is now the old part, with river port of the Buriganga River on the south. Riv-ers has been important part of the country with many rivers flowing through it ultimately into the Bay of Bengal in the south. River activities were very important for Dhaka city due to business activities and travelling occurring through boats on the south port. Rivers on all sides surround the city – the Turag River on the north and west, the Buriganga River on the south and the Balu and Shitalakkha rivers on the east. Due to the river Turag situated on the west and Buriganga on the south it was not really pos-sible for the city to expand on these two sides and thus it spontaneously expanded to the northeast.

The city of Dhaka was first planned in 1959 by the English planning firm Minoprio, Spencely and Mac-farlane but the planners had actually failed to foresee what it would turn into after the country’s inde-pendence in the year 1971. This master plan was reinvigorated by a consulting enterprise Mott Mac-donald in 1995 and the 15 year Dhaka Metropolitan Development Plan (DMDP) was made with a three tiered structure, Urban Area and Detailed Area Plans gazette by the government in 2009.The Bangla-desh Institute of Planners (BIP) say that the plans should be positioned as to benefit the urban poor and the flood plains and agricultural lands can be used for real estate speculation. The DAP has failed at both its responsibilities – the social and ecological. The different policies do no follow or respect the city’s geological and hydrological history and there are no visualizations of urban experiences in the city.


Physical Planning

City Master Plan 1995-2015 Urban Area Plan 1995-2005Strategic Planning Zones

Urban Area Plan 1995-2005Boundary Amendments


Dhaka


Built Form Analysis

Designed Single Unit Residential Building

Planned Commercial Building

Unplanned RTesidential BuildingPlanned RTesidential Building

Unplanned Urban Slum For Migrants


Dhaka


Old Water Front


Dhaka

The present water conditions fo dhaka is such that even after development of the water areas mostly they are just views rather than activity places. People do not usually use water or water transport in the city. Surrounding areas of some water bodies which have been developed are used by people for taking walks but not extensively. The water areas behave mostly as just lake front views for residential building. 2 of the water areas have gone under devlopment. One of the water connection development has been done very recently. It was completed and opeened to the public january 2013. It is the hatirjheel water development project. This project was initiated by architects and environmentalists and ulti-mately done by the government.


Current Water Front Situation


Dhaka


New Water Front Development

Hatirjheel WaterFront Development By Vitti Sthapati Brindo

Dhaka


New Water Front Development

Hatirjheel WaterFront Development By Vitti Sthapati Brindo


Site and Design Proposal

Site Analysis , Tejgaon Industrial Area


Tejgaon industrial Area

Tejgaon industrial area was originally planned by the British and was at that time situated in the sub-urbs on the north of dhaka. But as Dhaka city grew it is now situated at the heart of city.

Site Analysis

Historical Background of Site Area


Socially it is a dead zone after business hours as there is no activity to pull people in to the area.

Social Context


Site Analysis

Existing Blue and Green Area in the Site



Site Analysis

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21 meter

6 meter

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Types of Building and Comparitive Scale

Types of Roads


Site Analysis

Income Graph

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Income Level of People in Site


Scale Comparison - Dhaka and Malmö

Scale Comparison - Tejgaon Industial area and Bo 01


Site Analysis

Dhaka City

Malmö City

Bo 01 Area, Mlmö City

Tejgaon Industrial Area , Dhaka


Land Usage Density

Different Income Groups Functions around Site


Site Analysis

Road Inside Area

Unplanned Slum Facing Waterfront

Unplanned Slum Facing Waterfront


Different Income Groups Functions around Site


Site images

Unplanned Slum Facing Waterfront Unplanned Slum Facing Waterfront



Site images

Road Inside Area

Road Inside Area

Hatirjheel Road

Road Inside Area Commercial High Rise buildings



Site images

Large Factories and Garment Industries Small Industries



S.W.O.T. Analysis

As the area was planned as an industrial area thus it has proper and planned road network. It also has good facilities of utility services.

Socially it is unsafe to commute through the area after business hours. As there is no mixed use in the site there is no chace of people coming to the area for anything other than office. The amount of green is only in the goverment office complexes and no used in any way.

As many industires are moving to the suburbs thus there are empty spaces which can eb designed. The are also has a large amount of green.

If the area is not developed soon it will soon turn into a dead zone at the heart of the city.

Strength

Weakness

Opportunity

Threat



Study Sketches and Ideas

Creating an Urban Oasis with Links

Using Nature as a Tool of Improving Economy

What to do with the Big Abandoned Factory Spaces ?




How to Use Existing Greenery and Existing Abandoned Plots and Buildings ?

How to Use Existing Greenery of the Present Government Institutional Buildings ?




Proposal1. Salvage and Reuse –offer new activites2. New greens - balance and use the existing along with water bodies 3. New residences and commercial area

Link with a Green Structure to Ensure Flow of Traffic and Movement

Community Gardens Green Structure and Low-Cost Housing Area for Current Slum Dwellers




Low -Cost Housing Area and Small Craft Shops / Factoriesfor Current Slum Dwellers _ Make Planned Living Quarters

Carving out Green Area and Functions

Use Phytoremediation to Purify Soil and Water of the Area




Carving Out and Creating New Districts with Linking Corridor




Design Proposal , Tejgaon Industrial Area



Master PLan

green structure

green areas

built forms - existing buildings with

new functions

built forms -new buildings and new functions

built forms - existing buildings with

existing functions

water body

roads and streets

paved areas

50m 100m 200m

Proposal



Ratio of built Forms and Green

The green line shows the green-blue structure - this is the generator of the project. It holds and brings in together the connection throughout the site of public spaces and different activities. It comprises of different kinds of functions varying from place to place depending on the requirements of the specific situation. It has bike paths, sidewalks, small scale side-walk parks or playgrounds, street art areas, cov-ered walkways, running tracks , drains for water management and so on.


Proposal



Proposed Functions in Site

Proposal


Timeline For Ideas to Develop in Site


Proposal


Types of Green structure

Type 2 _ Shaded Walkway and Bike PathType 1_ Walkway and Bike Path

Type 2_ Section Through Green Structure- Relationship of Built Form and Green Structure


Proposal

Type 3_ Common Path for Bicycle and Walking



Type 4 _ Walk and Biking Path with Rain Water Collection Channels

Type 5_ Walk and Biking Path with Small Play Areas for Children


Proposal




Type 6_ Walk and Biking Path with Provision for Play Areas and Street Art Areas


Proposal

The green line shows the green-blue structure - this is the generator of the project. It holds and brings in together the connection throughout the site of public spaces and different activities. It comprises of different kinds of functions varying from place to place depending on the requirements of the specific situation. It has bike paths, sidewalks, small scale side-walk parks or playgrounds, street art areas, cov-ered walkways, running tracks , drains for water management and so on.


Detail Area Plan 1 _ Educational Hub, Park and Small Factory Area

Types of Green Structure in Detail PLan 1

Type 3_ Common Path for Bicycle and Walking



Type 2 _ Shaded Walkway and Bike Path

Type 1_ Walkway and Bike Path

Detail Area Plan 1


Proposal

a

a

existing university with solar panels on roof

allotment gardens for organic farming

children’s library

vocational training center

storm water management pond

small scale factory with roof garden

night school for low income people

public linbrary

park with streams

boat club deck


type 5

type 6

type 2

type 2

type 2

type 2

type 1

type 1

type 1

type 1

type 1

type 2

type6

type 3

type 3

type 3


Detail Area Section aa

View towards Media Center in Site

Green Structure through Park _Type 6

Green Structure _Type 2 Warehouses as Media Centers

Public Library


Proposal


Green Structure _Type 2 Warehouses as Media Centers

Educational Center Allotment Gardens Existing University


View of Park Area with Storm Water Ponds - All plants on ground and water help with phyrtoremediation


Proposal


View of Green Structure on Pvements and as Street Crossing Medium


Proposal


The green-blue structure and different places changes in height and elevation from ground. In some places it acts as a mode of crossing a street or a space - in some places it is a shaded walkway which people can use just to be mobile or maybe sit and enjoy the surroundings.

An important aspect is that all plants of this structure are proposed to help in phytormediation and reduce air or water pollution. They ensure mobility throughout the site. The concept behind it is that this kind of structure - both physical and conceptual can be continued throughout the city to ensure mobility and lack of mobilty and connectors ultimately bringing in opportunities for public spaces.

Green Structure also used as meeting places when in large scale


Proposal


This green blue structure helps to bring in people form different areas of the city. It not only help bring people to different public spaces in the site , but it , itself as as a public space. It has small playgrounds inbuilt in the structure which may have just a set of swings or a slide which children can enjoy with their parents on the way somewhere or can be a place of mere enjoyment for street children. It has walls for street art. Dhaka city now has a growing trend of street art and walls around the site inside this structure can mean more interaction of people.Biking although quite common in rural areas as a mode of transport has become a major growing trend in Dhaka city inthe last few years and more and more people are buying bikes and switching to this mode of transport to reduce travel time everyday. This trend is mostly being followed by the young generation. Although it has become a trend Dhaka city still lacks separate lanes to ensure safety of thses bikers. Simple bike paths and running or walking tracks flow throughout the site incorporated in this green structure to ensure safety of bikers, ensure mobilty by connecting it to surrounding areas and ultimately making Tejgaon area more environment friendly socially. Spaces surrounding the structure can be used in the evenings as open air filming areas and bring in more people to Tejgaon making it socially friendly.

View inside Parks


Proposal



Proposal

phytoremediation -metal pollutants in site

permeable pavement for water drainage

permeable pavement for water drainage

storm water management pond permeable pavement for water drainage bike stands and parking

storm water ponds helping phytoremediation

organic farms with local area produce

organic farms with local area producestorm water ponds helping phytoremediation

solar panels on building roofs



Proposal

Detail Area Plan 2 _ Low Cost Housing Area and Allotment Gardens

Types of Green Structure in Detail PLan 2


Type 1_ Walkway and Bike Path

Detail Area Plan 2


Proposal

Detail Area Plan 2 _ Low Cost Housing Area and Allotment Gardens


Green Courtyard Small Craft Shops on Ground Level

Green Structure_ Type 6

Green Structure_ Type 1

Alllotment Gardens Existing Footbridge


Proposal

Detail Area Section


Green Structure _Type 6

Green Structure _Type 6


Proposal

Detail Area Sections




Conclusion


Urban nature has been brought in to the site in the form of gardens, farming gardens, waste water management ponds, storm water collection ponds , parks . These in turn help to bring in more people into the site and help to mark out places where buildings need to be built, where public spaces are needed, where pedestrian access is needed, where people need to be simple in nature. As a whole it increases social interaction in the area. Social interaction through urban nature helps to make the area more liveable, more alive and socially more secure, safe and better. In everyday lives of people Dhaka city has its contribution to problems but it has huge potential to give its people what they need most- a place to relax , a place to breath after a day of hard work. Urban nature helps people to relax through interaction and enhances quality of life, quality of space and context and quality of everyday living. This idea of urban nature is not a site specific concept but this green link and urban nature can be continued throughout the city making Dhaka city more livable for its people.

Table of References

Internet websites:

http://www.thedailystar.net/campus/2012/07/05/newsroom.htm

http://dhakadailyphoto.blogspot.se/2007/11/old-sketches-and-pics-of-dhaka-city.html

http://www.skyscrapercity.com/forumdisplay.php?s=7e41943f918e99ebbc454a7917094d92&f=930

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhaka

http://www.dhakacity.com.bd/index.php

http://www.dhakacity.org/Page/About_us/About/Category/2/About_us_info

Books:

Great Public Squares _ Robert F. Gatje

Designing Dhaka: A Manifesto for a Better City _ Kazi Khaleed Ashraf

Urban Housing Strategies: Education and Realistaion _ Wakely, Schmetzer and Mumtaz

A New Theory of Urban Design _ Christopher Alexander , Hajo Neis , Artemis Anninou, Ingrid King

Photographaphs:

Neelofar Ahsan

Mamunur Rashid

Farmin Ahsan


Printed From Media Tryck, Lund University

Documents

thesis book-small