THESE SLIDES COVER TOPICS THAT WE

COVERED IN CLASS FOR CHAPTER 4

CHAPTER THE RISE AND FALL OF GREECE + CHAPTER THE RISE AND FALL OF GREECE + CLASSICAL AGE EMPIRESCLASSICAL AGE EMPIRES

TIME LINETIME LINEGREECEGREECE PELOPONESSIAN WARS 431-404 b.c.e.PELOPONESSIAN WARS 431-404 b.c.e.

PERICLES—Athenian Golden Age— 460-429 b.c.e.PERICLES—Athenian Golden Age— 460-429 b.c.e.ALEXANDER THE GREAT 320’s b.c.e.ALEXANDER THE GREAT 320’s b.c.e.

INDIAINDIA MAURYAN DYNAST Y 321-1b.c.e. MAURYAN DYNAST Y 321-1b.c.e. Chandragupta 321 b.c.e. + Asoka 268 b.c.e.Chandragupta 321 b.c.e. + Asoka 268 b.c.e.

GUPTA—Golden Age—320 c.e. – 5 50 c.e.GUPTA—Golden Age—320 c.e. – 5 50 c.e.

CHINACHINA Ch’in—Shi Huang Di—221-206 b.c.e.Ch’in—Shi Huang Di—221-206 b.c.e.Han—Wudi—20 b.c.e. – 220 c.e.Han—Wudi—20 b.c.e. – 220 c.e.

ROMEROME Punic Wars 421-146 b.c.e.Punic Wars 421-146 b.c.e.Augustus 31 b.c.e.Augustus 31 b.c.e.Pax Romana 31 b.c.e. – 220 b.c.e.Pax Romana 31 b.c.e. – 220 b.c.e.

GREECEThe next few slides include

some of terms and topics we have discussed on Greece.

Please review.

REVIEW THESE TERMS TO KNOWREVIEW THESE TERMS TO KNOWHegemony—dominateDemagogue—a political leader who gains power by appealing to people's emotions, instincts, and prejudices in a way that is considered manipulative and dangerousMedize—to go over to the other side; to join the enemyBarbarian—babbler—those who did not speak GreekDelian League—confederation of Greek poleis under the leadership of Athens. Originally formed to protect Greece from Persia. Members had to pay tribute to Athens!Peloponnesian League—Sparta formed this league to gain control over the constitutions of member states. Sparta’s goal: to prevent democracies & social turmoil.

NEW TERMS

• Timocracy — division of power according to one’s wealth

• Plutocracy — rule by birth—generally a noble birth (which means that there is also some wealth)

BE CERTAIN TO HAVE COMPLETED THIS CHART

YEARYEAR ATHENIAN ATHENIAN LEADERLEADER

POLICIESPOLICIES ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT

621 b.c.e.621 b.c.e. DRACODRACO

594 b.c.e.594 b.c.e. SOLONSOLON

560 b.c.e.560 b.c.e. PEISISTRAUSPEISISTRAUS

500 b.c.e.500 b.c.e. CLEISTHENES

494 b.c.e.494 b.c.e. PERICLESPERICLES

ATHENS

““Athens proceeded in orderly fashion Athens proceeded in orderly fashion from crisis to crisis.”from crisis to crisis.”

• After 750 b.c.e. Athens slowly progressed from:– Monarch to– Oligarchy to– Democracy

• TERMS—eupatrids = aristocrats

CLEISTHENES, 500 b.c.e.

• Appointed by oligarchy to restore old order;– HE HELD A GRUDGE AGAINST THE EUPATRIDS…

WHAT WILL HE DO?• Divided Athens into 10 districts;• Each district had a 50 member law-making body:

– Took people from each region & put them into these district law-making bodies

• Opened almost ALL offices to ALL men;• Introduced ostracism…WHY?

– any one who angered the DEMOS would be thrown out!

HOW DID HE CONTRIBUTE TO THE PEOPLE or “DEMOS” OF ATHENS?

The majority of the people were the underclass. He integrated them into the political system!

THE AGE OF PERICLES 460-429 b.c.e.

• Periclean Athens was:– Direct democracy—

• a large number of citizens take direct part in day-to-day affairs of govt.

– Public officials were paid a fixed salary (stipend)– Jury system—

• male citizens over 30 yrs. Of age were chosen by lot to serve on the jury for one year.

• Jurors were paid a stipend.– Public Works Projects were initiated.– Public festivals were given.– Ended “oligarchy” of elder aristocrats

What had the Greek victory against the Persians(480 b.c.e.) do for Athenian democracy?

Radicalized Athenian democracy! It had been men of the poorer classes who had rowed their ships to victory.

Now they were in a position to insist on full citizenship.

What had the Greek victory against the Persians(480 b.c.e.) do for Athenian democracy?

Radicalized Athenian democracy! It had been men of the poorer classes who had rowed their ships to victory.

Now they were in a position to insist on full citizenship.

SPARTA

SPARTAN SOCIAL ORDER• Location: Southern Peloponnesian

Peninsula.

• Sparta’s population consisted of:– EqualsEquals—adult male Spartan citizens over the

age of 18. Equals held substantial rights of political participation—which was unusual at so early a date.

– Resident AliensResident Aliens —indigenous people who were not citizens due to their ancestry (i.e., Dorians or other people);

– HelotsHelots —slaves; mostly conquered Messenians.

Spartan Political System TWO Deliberative Councils—• Assembly—ALL EQUALS BELONGED:

– direct democracy; – could propose and/or end wars;– make a treaty;– could not legislate only could set agenda

• Council—“guards of Sparta”– 2 Kings– 5 Ephors (overseers)—these were men over 60 who were to see

that all laws passed would be in accordance with Spartan tradition.

Secret Police Secret Police —men between 18-20 years of age—spied on helots, resident aliens and snooped on ordinary equals.

Totalitarian Totalitarian ssociety.

Spartan Political System TWO Deliberative Councils—• Assembly of ALL EQUALS BELONGED:• Council—“guards of Sparta”

– 2 Kings– 5 Ephors (overseers) Why

appoint the

youngest to be

secret police?

Secret Police Secret Police —men between 18-20 years of age—spied on helots, resident aliens and snooped on ordinary equals.

PERSIA

In 500 B.C.E., it was the largest and most impressive empireIn 500 B.C.E., it was the largest and most impressive empire• imperial system drew on Mesopotamian prototypesimperial system drew on Mesopotamian prototypes• much larger and more splendid than Mesopotamian much larger and more splendid than Mesopotamian

EmpiresEmpires• Cyrus (r. 557–530 B.C.E.) + Darius (r. 522–486 B.C.E.) Cyrus (r. 557–530 B.C.E.) + Darius (r. 522–486 B.C.E.)

expanded empire from Egypt to Indiaexpanded empire from Egypt to India• diverse empire with population of around 35 M. peoplediverse empire with population of around 35 M. people

Elaborate cult of kingshipElaborate cult of kingship• rule by will of the g-d Ahura Mazda (Zoroastrian)rule by will of the g-d Ahura Mazda (Zoroastrian)

• Dualistic faith Dualistic faith • absolute monarchyabsolute monarchy

Immense wealth and power holding the empire togetherImmense wealth and power holding the empire together• violent punishments by kingviolent punishments by king• effective administrative systemeffective administrative system

• Satraps—Persian governors in all 23 provincesSatraps—Persian governors in all 23 provinces• Lower-Level Officials—drawn from local authorities

•respect for non-Persian cultural traditionsrespect for non-Persian cultural traditions•standardized coinage, predictable taxes standardized coinage, predictable taxes •encouragement of communication and commerceencouragement of communication and commerce

INDIA

• Be certain to complete the comparison charts that we did as teams in class.

MAURYAN 326-184 b.c.e. GUPTA 320-550 b.c.e.

Leaders 322 BC, Chandragupta Maurya 268 b.c.e. Ashoka

320 c.e. Chandra Gupta I 330 c.e. Chandra Gupta II

State Structure

Inter-actions

Inno-vations

ALEXANDER THE GREATALEXANDER THE GREATAlexander III of Macedon (356 – Alexander III of Macedon (356 –

323 BCE)323 BCE)

ASOKA THE GREAT ASOKA THE GREAT AshokaAshoka Maurya (304–232 BCE) Maurya (304–232 BCE)

Personal Back-ground

Philip of Macedon’s sonPlutocracy

Chandragupta’s grandsonPlutocracy

Policies + Practices

Inter-actions

Durability Hellenistic Era continued (336-31 b.c.e.) for @ 300 yrs. (until Roman conquest); Romans continued to borrow from this Greek-centered era.

Due to family feuds amongst his children, the empire imploded (184 b.c.e.) and India returned to state-mandated Hinduism

ROME + CHINA

• This will be sent after we complete Rome + China.