Thermo Scientiﬁc ARL 3460 Metals Analyzer - Comlibris · As a multi-channel optical emission spectrometer, the Thermo Scientiﬁc ARL 3460 is designed for fast, accurate metals

Thermo ScientificARL 3460 Metals Analyzer

Part of Thermo Fisher Scientific

e l e m e n t a l a n a l y s i s

Improving Productivity of Your Operations

The worldwide reference in optical emissionMore than 5000 units installed since launch

Excellent sensitivity, reproducibility and accuracy

Best stability and reliability, minimal argon consumption and lowest total costs of ownership

Line selection in the range 130 to 780 nm, allowinganalysis from low C, N and O to alkaline elements

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ARL 3460 Exceptional History

For over 70 years, our company has set the standard for instrumental analysis of metals. A continuousstream of innovative products using optical emission and X-ray spectroscopy has been the cornerstonearound which that long and successful tradition of leadership has been built. The first model of the ThermoScientific ARL 3460 was launched in 1982 and it is, since then, the most widely used optical emissionspectrometer in the world. The delivery of the 5000th unit was celebrated at the beginning of 2005.

Fast and AccurateAs a multi-channel optical emissionspectrometer, the Thermo Scientific ARL 3460 is designed for fast, accuratemetals analysis in:• Primary metal producing plants• Foundries, forges, mini-mills• Casting operations• Incoming material control • Metals QC and R&D laboratories

The ARL 3460 is custom designed formeeting any customer specific requirements.

Unrivaled Reproducibility,Reliability and StabilityA well proven, one meter Paschen-Rungeoptics mounted into a vacuum stabilizedcast iron body is at the heart of thesystem, providing unrivaled reproducibility,reliability and stability over both the shortand long term. This brings the following advantages:• Less time spent on recalibration• More time available for the productive

analyses

The cabinet is also ergonomicallydesigned to allow the sample and itsidentification to be rapidly input by astanding operator, thus avoiding wastedseconds and further optimizing resultturnaround times.

Highest Productivity,Lowest Costs of OwnershipOver the years the ARL 3460 has undergoneconstant improvements in analyticalperformance and has become the best toolin increasing your productivity. Due tocontinuous evolution of the opticalcomponents, electronics and software, wewere able to decrease all costs of ownership.

Unparalleled Performance Our company has a wealth of experience inanalyzing almost every type of metal andthereby can only provide an exceptionalproduct that meets or exceeds everycustomer’s requirements.

This experience extends to the lesscommon metallic materials. When it comesto the analysis of materials producing toxicvapours, such as zinc and lead, the specialexhaust system of the ARL 3460 ensuresmaximum safety of the operator.

Nitrogen/Oxygen AnalysisTraditionally handled by combustionanalyzers, the analysis of N and O can nowbe performed by optical emissionspectrometers. Today, more than 1000installed ARL 3460 analyze nitrogen insteels and many analyze oxygen in steeland copper alloys.

Turn-Key OperationThe ARL 3460 is configured and calibratedin the factory before delivery.

We are fully aware that accuracy,which depends on the calibration of theinstrument, is the most important figure ofmerit required from a spectrometer. Ourfactory calibrations performed with CARL (avery sophisticated multi-variable regressionsoftware tool that corrects for matrix effectsas well as for spectral interferences),ensures the customer the highest possibleaccuracy. CARL provides an immediate«turn-key» instrument ready to analyzecustomer samples on the installation day.

WinOE Software: Simplicity ItselfWinOE software is a well recognized, highlyeasy-to-use, powerful and reliable softwarefor metals analysis by OES:• WinOE integrates the latest

HTML/Internet technologies to simplifywork with the spectrometer

• Shortcuts make it possible to startanalysis with just one click or keystroke

• With large user-friendly icons, allfunctions are easily accessible

• Routine tasks are achieved quickly andefficiently by use of "push button“automated functions to guide theoperation, or via “blackbox” intelligentmodules running in the background withminimum (or no) user intervention

These are just a few of the manyfeatures contributing to the fast routineoperation of WinOE.

Your Partner In ProductivityOur company is not only your supplier, butalso your partner in productivity who offersyou complete analytical solutions backed upby the following statements:• Regular «firsts» in spectrometry, software

and automation for over 70 years• Tens of thousands of OES & X-ray

systems already supplied in the world• Continuous improvements of analytical

performance and shorter analysis times• Easy integration to increase productivity• Unrivaled reputation for quality, stability,

reliability and long lifetime• Easy to use, easy to upgrade• The OES/X-ray manufacturing facility in

Ecublens, Switzerland is ISO 9001:2000certified

• Worldwide customer support network

To keep you informed about our latest developments, please visitwww.thermo.com/oes.

Improve The Quality of Your ProductsThe design of the Thermo Scientific ARL 3460 combines highperformance with rugged construction and operationalconvenience with reliable operation. The productivity needed bya modern metals production is optimized by the system providingfast, accurate results, day-by-day, month-by-month and year-by-year. This will ensure the best quality of your own products.

ARL 3460 SpecificationsSpectrometerSpectrometer design: Paschen-Runge vacuum polychromator made of special cast iron and temperature controlled

to ± 0.1° at 38° C. Maximum 60 channels.Focal length: 1 mPrimary slit width: 20 µmSecondary slit width: 20, 25, 37.5, 50, 75, 100, 150 µmType of detector: Photomultiplier tube 28 mm, 10-stage side window tubes, fused quartz, glass

or MgF2 windowsGrating type: 1080, 1667 or 2160 gr/mm, selected by analytical taskResolution: Dependent on grating, secondary slit and spectral orderSample stand: Argon flushed, water-cooled table with self-contained, closed loop cooling system

ElectronicsSpectrometer control: ARL MMB 386 Microprocessor utilizing CMOS technology with Status Measuring Card.

A/D converters and attenuators included for each channel. Programmable attenuators: Up to 24, available as an option Dynamic range: 106:1Enclosure: Built-in dust protection with high capacity cooling fans

RequirementsAmbient temperature: 16-30°C (62-86°F); maximum gradient 5° C/hourRelative humidity: 20-80 %Voltage: 230 V (+10 %/-15 %), single-phase with protective ground (5kVA regulator required if

fluctuations exceed ±10 %)Current: 12 A, including PC, screen and printerFrequency: 50 or 60 HzGrounding: < 1 ΩArgon: > 99.996 % maximum 5 ppm oxygen (maximum 2 ppm oxygen for samples with high

Si content). Optional argon purifier available and recommended for low carbon analysis. For VUV lines (nitrogen, oxygen, chlorine), argon purifier included

ConsumptionElectrical power: Max 3.5 kVAArgon: 3.5 l/min during analysis, 0.35 l/min stand-byCompliance to norms: 98/37/EEC Machinery

73/23/EEC Low voltage material 89/336/EEC Electromagnetic compatibility

Dimensions and weightOverall dimensions: 166.5 x 91 x 119 cm or 65 x 47 x 36 inches, including excitation standWeight: 450 kg. or 992 lb approximately

Accessories and options: Small samples analysis kitArgon purification systemsVoltage stabilization systemsUninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)Suction device accessory to exhaust toxic fumesStand upgrade for semi-automatic operationData communication software optionsAnalytical results processing software options

BR41185_E 12/07C

©2007 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. All rights reserved.All other trademarks are the property of Thermo FisherScientific Inc. and its subsidiaries.

Specifications, terms and pricing are subject to change.Not all products are available in all countries. Pleaseconsult your local sales representative for details.

In addition to these offices, ThermoFisher Scientific maintains a network of representative organizationsthroughout the world.

Africa+43 1 333 5034 127 • [email protected]

Australia+61 2 8844 9500 • [email protected]

Austria+43 1 333 50340 • [email protected]

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Europe -Other+43 1 333 5034 127 • [email protected]

France+33 1 60 92 48 00 • [email protected]

Germany+49 6103 408 1014 • [email protected]

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Italy+39 02 950 591 • [email protected]

Japan+81 45 453 9100 • [email protected]

Latin America+1 608 276 5659 • [email protected]

Middle East+43 1 333 5034 127 • [email protected]

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www.thermo.com

Thermo Electron SA, Ecublens, Switzerland is ISO certified.

The Ultimate Performance in Optical Emission

ARL 4460 Metals Analyzer



The most advanced instrument for quick quantitative metalsanalysis from alloys to ultra-pure metals

Ultimate sensitivity and reproducibilityExcellent accuracy, stability and reliability

Best detection levels for carbon, nitrogen and oxygen in steelsBest detection levels for phosphorus in aluminum

Fast identification of inclusions in metalsCleanness assessments

Lowest costs of ownership

ARL 4460 The Ultimate Performance for Spark Emission Metals Analysis

The Thermo Scientific ARL 4460 combines several advanced technologies into the world’s best establishedoptical emission spectrometer to bring your metals analysis to the tightest specifications. Launched in1994, the ARL 4460 has undergone continuous improvements to provide enhanced analytical performanceand shorter analysis time. With more than 1000 units operating in the field, the ARL 4460 is truly the mostadvanced instrument in the market for high performing metal analysis.

Your Best Partner to Staywithin SpecificationsThe ARL 4460 has been designed to meetall metals analysis requirements fromroutine use to metals research. In varyinglaboratory conditions or in a hostileenvironment, this Thermo Scientificspectrometer is the solution for outstandinganalytical performance.

Increasing regulations require newpartnerships in quality control. Proficiencytesting and laboratory accreditation arebecoming mandatory. Continually improvingcapabilities to allow rapid, reliable qualitycontrol of metals, we can provide guidanceto a program that will meet thesedemanding requirements and help you tostay within specifications, even the most demanding.

Stable, Reliable and AccurateRugged construction guarantees years ofinstrument stability, reliability and accurateanalysis in any metals laboratory or foundryoperation. User demands are providing everincreasing challenges for metal producers -wider elemental concentration ranges, moreaccurate analyses and tighter controls.

To meet these product demands, thetotal system concept of the ARL 4460 hasembodied critical success factors:• Speed and accuracy, even for ultimate

trace analysis• Capability to identify and count inclusions

and to calculate cleanness indexes• Unmatched stability and reliability• World class factory calibration• Widest range of metals analysis• Most advanced software technology• Easy operation • Automatic sample manipulation systems

(optional capability)• Advanced technical/service support and

laboratory accreditation guidance• Continuous upgrade possibilities to

optimize performance and productivity

Proven ApplicationsThanks to several years of application work,the ARL 4460 has undergone significantadvances that enhance the ease andaccuracy of analysis for all metal products.Comprehensive application notes areavailable separately for all major metals.Each note gives specific performanceguarantees for detection limits,reproducibility, stability and analysis time.

Some examples of common productsanalyzed with the ARL 4460 are:• Low alloy steel with lowest

concentrations of carbon, nitrogen andoxygen for the automotive industry

• Stainless steel: Food and pharmacologyhandling equipment

• Super alloy: Jet turbine blades• Cast iron: Auto engines• Magnesium: Luggage and car wheels• Aluminum: Airplanes• Copper: Tubing and wire• Lead: Batteries• Zinc: Galvanizing• Precious metals: Jewellery

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C, N, O AnalysisThe ARL 4460 is capable of determiningcarbon, nitrogen and oxygen in steels atvery low levels using the CNO option. Asan example, the typical DL for carbon is 0.4ppm (2 ppm without CNO option) and theguaranteed DL 1 ppm (5 ppm without CNOoption). The typical reproducibility ofcarbon at 10 ppm is of 0.5 ppm and such ananalysis is performed in less than fiftyseconds. A separate application noteprovides further details.

Cost-effective and FastOptical emission spark analysis is, by far,the most widely used, industry acceptedtechnique to provide chemical analysis forboth alloying and trace elements in metals.The reasons are many:• Versatility: Analyze any metal in many

shapes and forms• Speed: Duplicate analysis in less than 50

seconds• Range: From trace (sub-ppm) to alloy

concentration levels• Accuracy: With certified type standards -

accuracy nominally better than 1%relative

• Savings: Low capital investment andoperating costs

Unique Spark-DAT OptionThe Spark-DAT option measures intensitiesduring each elemental spark, allowing ultrafast on-line counting of inclusions andidentification of their type. Inclusionanalysis includes Al2O3, CaO, Al2O3-CaO,CaS and TiN in steels, TiB2, MgO and NaClin aluminum. Metal cleanness can becontrolled in a few seconds duringproduction and in parallel with elementalanalysis. A separate application note isavailable providing further details.

WinOE Software: Simplicity itselfWinOE software is, quite simply, the mostpowerful software available today formetals analysis by OES:• Graphical user interface through HTML

pages and Internet Explorer• Shortcut icons to start an analysis with

just one click or keystroke• Large, user-friendly icons to reach the

functions at a glance• Routine tasks are achieved quickly and

efficiently by use of "push button"automated functions to guide theoperation, or via “blackbox” intelligentmodules running in the background withminimum (or no) user intervention

These are just a few of the manyfeatures contributing to the fast routineoperation of WinOE.

Two Techniques for Ultimate PerformanceOur company has always set the standard for excellence ofinstrument design and analytical performance. The Thermo ScientificARL 4460 continues that tradition with its two innovative techniques:the patented Current Controlled Source (CCS) and Time ResolvedSpectroscopy (TRS), which extend the range of capabilities. Theircombination significantly improves all facets of analyticalperformance (accuracy, sensitivity, reproducibility, analysis time).

CCS + TRS working principle

Spark-DAT recording of individual sparks

Easy navigation and comfortable operation

BR41186_E 12/06C


©2007 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. All rights reserved.All other trademarks are the property of Thermo FisherScientific Inc. and its subsidiaries.






















www.thermo.com

ARL 4460 SpecificationsSpectrometerSpectrometer design: One meter, Paschen-Runge vacuum polychromator made of special cast iron and temperature

controlled to ± 0.1° at 38° C. Maximum 60 channels.Primary slit width: 20 µmSecondary slit width: 25, 37.5, 50, 75 µmPhotomultiplier tubes: Ø 28 mm, 10-stage side-on-type, MgF2 , UV glass, borosilicate glass or synthetic silica windowsGrating type: Spectrometer provided with one of the following gratings, appropriately selected for the

analytical task: 1080, 1667 or 2160 gr/mmResolution: Dependent on grating, secondary slit and spectral orderSample stand: With self contained, recirculating coolant system. Argon flushed table.

Argon pulsed regime before and after analysis for improved dust evacuation and instrument autonomy

CCS and TRS: Current Controlled Source (CCS) and Time Resolved Spectroscopy (TRS) to extend the range of analysis capabilities

ElectronicsSpectrometer control: ARL MMB 386 Microprocessor utilizing CMOS technology with Status Measuring Card.

A/D converters and attenuators included for each channel. Programmable attenuators: Up to 24, available as an option Dynamic range: Proportional to measuring time, typically 2*106 counts/secEnclosure: Built-in dust protection with high capacity cooling fans

RequirementsAmbient temperature: 16-30°C (62-86°F); maximum rate of change 5° C/hourRelative humidity: 20-80 %Voltage: 230 V (+10 %/-15 %), single-phase with protective ground (5kVA regulator required if

fluctuations exceed ±10 %)Current: 12 A, including PC, screen and printerFrequency: 50 or 60 HzGrounding: < 1 ΩArgon: > 99.996 % maximum 5 ppm oxygen (maximum 2 ppm oxygen for samples with high Si

content). Optional argon purifier available and recommended for low carbon analysis. For VUV lines (nitrogen, oxygen, chlorine), argon purifier included

ConsumptionElectrical power: 2.6 kVAArgon: 4 l/min during analysis, 0.7 l/min in stand-byCompliance to norms: 98/37/EEC Machinery

73/23/EEC Low voltage material 89/336/EEC Electromagnetic compatibility

Dimensions and weightOverall dimensions: 169 x 91 x 122 cm or 67 x 36 x 48 inches, including excitation standWeight: 540 kg or 1190 lb approximately

Accessories and options: Spark-DAT, single Spark Data Acquisition and TreatmentCNO for ultimate low measurement of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen in steelsSmall and pin samples analysis kitArgon purification systemsVoltage stabilization systemsUninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)Suction device accessory to exhaust toxic fumesStand upgrade for semi-automatic operationData communication software optionsAnalytical results processing software options

CNO Option - Analysis of Low C, N and O in Steelsby Optical EmissionARL 4460 Metals Analyzer

ApplicationNote: 41231

Key Words

• ARL 4460

• C, N, O

• Optical Emission

• Steels

IntroductionSignificant progress has been realized in the analysis oflow concentration C, N and O in steels by opticalemission spectrometry. The concentration of theseelements, as well as those of P, S and H should bereduced to obtain so-called “clean steels”, or controlled,as they have - individually or together - dramatic effectson steel properties, such as strength, formability,toughness, weldability, fatigue resistance, etc. For car bodysheets for instance, C, N and O must be typically lowerthan 20 ppm each. The constant amelioration of steelcleanness being necessary to produce always improvedand more competitive steel products, there is a demandfor quantitative analysis at lower and lower levels. Thenew performance obtained with the ARL 4460 fulfills thelatest analytical requirements of steel producers regardingC, N and O.

ARL 4460 Metals AnalyzerThe patented Thermo’s Current Control Source (CCS) ofthe ARL 4460 presents significant advantages incomparison to any other spark generator used in OES(Optical Emission Spectrometry). The computer controlledcurrent waveform provides a high degree of flexibility inselection of parameters that enables optimization of thesensitivity.

Thermo’s Time Resolved Spectrometry (TRS) offersimportant features in comparison to other acquisitionsystems. Selecting the appropriate time window forintegrating the light emitted by the individual sparksallows data acquisition with the best sensitivity, precisionand reduction of spectral interference.

The ARL 4460 Metals Analyzer can quantitativelydetermine about 40 elements in irons and steels. With the

CNO option, a typical analysis is performed in less thanfifty seconds. Analytical performance of low C, N and Oobtained with this option is detailed in this applicationnote. Performance of these elements at higher levels andon the other elements can be found in applicationsummary AN 41220 “Analysis of Iron and Steel byOptical Emission – ARL 4460 Metals Analyzer”. It is thecase also for P and S that are now offered in the standardanalysis as they were in the former “CNOPS option”. Hstill cannot be measured satisfactorily in steels by OES.

CNO optionThe CNO option includes:

• A mechanically improved analysis stand minimizing thevarious contaminations that are critical for these threeelements

• The most sensitive analytical lines

• Special photomultiplier tubes

Sample preparationPaper grinding is possible in most of the cases, but forlowest C and O levels, milling is recommended. Simpleand reasonable care must be taken during and aftersample preparation, e.g.:

• The prepared surface must be flat in order to avoid airpenetrating in the stand during the analysis

• Grinding paper change at well defined time intervals

• Exposure of sample surface to dust must be avoided

• Avoid touching the prepared surface

Sample analysis timeThe analysis time, from the start of the analysis to thedisplay of the result, is 22 s.

Factory calibration The ARL 4460 equipped with the CNO option can befactory calibrated for micro-alloyed steels with the bestreference samples available on the market. For C, N andO, the following calibration ranges are given:

• C from 4.5 to 900 ppm

• N from 9 to 200 ppm

• O from 75 to 1000 ppm

Improved performance obtained with the CNOoption is also beneficial for the standard low alloy steelcalibration, where downwards extensions of C, N and Ocalibrations are possible. Please contact your nearestThermo office for more details on the calibrations withthe CNO option.

Performance guarantee

The precision values shown in the graphs of the nextsections are typical values. Values guaranteed by Thermowhen using homogeneous samples and recommendedsample preparation are 1.5 times higher.

The precision is calculated from the formula:

The DL (Detection Limit)) is defined as three times thestandard deviation of the background of a pure ironsample expressed in concentration units. The guaranteedDL (Detection Limits) is calculated at the 95% confidencelimit.

The values will be updated as improvements areannounced. Please contact your nearest Thermo office orconsult our web site at www.thermo.com/elemental for themost recent values.

Precision is only one part of providing accurateanalyses. Other factors include the accuracy and thequality of the calibration standards. These are achievedthrough the development of the calibration curve relativeto a specific analytical task.

Carbon analysisThe typical DL is 0.4 ppm (2 ppm without CNO option)and the guaranteed DL 1 ppm (5 ppm without CNOoption). The figure below shows the improvement inprecision obtained for C below 100 ppm with the CNOoption:

The next example illustrates the accuracy of thefactory calibration:

Excellence of the accuracy is also demonstrated in thefollowing table, were the residual (difference betweenmeasured and certified concentration) is always smallerthan 3 times u.

REFERENCE CERTIF. UNCERTAINTY MEASURED ABS. VAL. MATERIAL CONC. [PPM] u [PPM] CONC. [PPM] RESIDUAL

[PPM]

JSS 1005 9.6 0.3 8.8 0.8BS 50E 10 3 6.5 3.5BS 50C 12 4 6.7 5.3JSS 1007 23.6 0.3 23.9 0.3JSS 1001 37.4 0.2 37.4 0BS LC5 108 6 104 4BAS 431 190 9 192 2BS 250 220 10 203 17BS XAAS 410 11 426 16BS 233 710 17 723 13BS 3972 1950 19 1898 52BS 4971 2510 21 2465 45

Nitrogen analysisThe typical DL is 1.5 ppm (2.7 ppm without CNO) and theguaranteed DL 3 ppm (4.5 ppm without CNO option). Thenext figure shows the improvement in precision obtainedfor N below 100 ppm with CNO option.

The example shown below illustrates the accuracy ofthe factory calibration. In this case also the residual isalways smaller than 3 times u.

REFERENCE CERTIF. UNCERTAINTY MEASURE ABS. VAL. MATERIAL CONC. [PPM] u [PPM] D CONC. [PPM] RESIDUAL

[PPM]

BS 234 13 2.1 13.2 0.2BS 50C 19 4 13.2 5.8BS 250 24 2.1 24.8 0.8BS XAAS 37 2 38.5 1.5BS231 45 1.9 41.9 3.1BS230 48 3 42.6 5.4BS232 56 3.7 50.9 5.1BS3972 65 2.2 63.8 1.2BS2932 80 3 78.0 2.0BS50E 92 10 89.0 3.0BS4971 99 5.4 97.6 1.4BS233 107 4.3 107.6 0.6

Oxygen analysisOxygen is the most difficult element to measure due tocontamination. The typical DL is 8 ppm (20 ppm withoutCNO option) and the guaranteed value 25 ppm (30 ppmwithout CNO option). The figure below shows theimprovement in precision obtained for O with CNO option:

The example shown below illustrates the accuracy ofthe factory calibration:

The next table illustrates it numerically:

REFERENCE CERTIF. UNCERTAINTY MEASURE ABS. VAL. MATERIAL CONC. [PPM] u [PPM] D CONC. [PPM] RESIDUAL

[PPM]

BS 230 24 3.1 21.1 2.9BS 231 38 7.8 34.0 4.0BS 3972 38 3.6 30.6 7.4BS 4971 40 4 27.5 12.5BS XAAS 235 20 176 59BS 50E 239 10 183 56BS 50C 540 15 555 15BS 250 570 14 551 19

StabilityStability of the instrument is of the utmost importancewhen performing routine analysis. Mid-term stabilitymeasured over one day shows that the standard deviationachieved is below two times the guaranteed precisionvalue, which is excellent. The following examples showthe typical stability over 24 hours of carbon at 25 ppmand nitrogen at 21 ppm. The values almost never wentoutside the 95 % confidence interval (delimited by redlines) which is ± 2.1 ppm for C and ± 2.4 ppm for N.

C

N

©2006 Thermo ElectronCorporation. All rightsreserved. All othertrademarks are the propertyof Thermo ElectronCorporation and its subsidiaries.

Specifications, terms andpricing are subject to change.Not all products are availablein all countries. Pleaseconsult your local salesrepresentative for details.

In addition to these

offices, Thermo Electron

Corporation maintains

a network of represen-

tative organizations

throughout the world.

Australia+61 2 8844 9500

Austria+43 1 333 50340

Belgium+32 2 482 30 30

Canada+1 800 532 4752

China+86 10 5850 3588

France+33 1 60 92 48 00

Germany+49 6103 4080

India+91 22 2778 1101

Italy+39 02 950 591

Japan+81 45 453 9100

Netherlands+31 76 587 98 88

Scandinavia+46 8 556 468 00

South Africa+27 11 570 1840

Spain+34 91 657 4930

Switzerland+41 21 694 71 11

UK+44 1442 233555

USA+1 800 532 4752

www.thermo.com

Thermo Electron SA,Ecublens, Switzerlandis ISO certified.

AN41231_E 03/06C

Oxygen analysis with Spark-DATThe CNO option can be combined with the Spark-DAToption (see application note 41232 “Spark-DAT option –On-Line Single Spark Acquisition and Treatment - ARL4460 Metals Analyzer”). In steel oxygen is mainly presentin the form of oxides (of Al, Mg, Ca, Si…). Therefore it ispossible to quantify the oxygen content in a steel sampleby evaluating the number of oxygen-containing inclusionsit contains. For some bearing steels for example, anexcellent correlation was found between the oxygenmeasured by combustion and by Spark-DAT (see graphbelow).

In this case, the preparation of the samples and thedecontamination of the spectrometer are greatlysimplified. Potentially lower levels of oxygen can also bemeasured than with the traditional method. Please contactyour nearest Thermo office if you are interested in oxygendetection at lower levels than those described in thisapplication note.

BenefitsThanks to the CNO option and to the best possible use ofdigital excitation and acquisition technologies of the ARL4460, the main requirements of the steel market regardingthe analysis of the elements C, N and O at lowconcentrations are met:

• A high level of repeatability

• A very accurate analysis

• A short analysis time

The CNO option is the best opportunity to provide amore efficient control of steel production:

• The analysis is faster than with traditional combustionanalyzers

• Time is saved, as all the elements, even ultra-low C andN, are analyzed on a single instrument

• Necessary investments and operating costs are reducedcompared to combustion analysis

• Optical emission spectrometers are easier and cheaper toautomate

Spark-DAT OptionOn-Line Single Spark AnalysisARL 4460 Metals Analyzer

Key Words

• ARL 4460

• Metals

• Optical Emission

• Spark-DAT

Introduction• Do you need to determine the soluble/insoluble parts of

Al, B or other elements in steel?

• Do you need a fast method to evaluate the cleanness ofyour products?

• Do you need a very fast evaluation of the number ofinclusions?

• Do you need quick information on the size andcomposition of these inclusions?

• Do you want to solve contamination problems andimprove your elemental analyses?

Would you like all this and much more to be feasible in acouple of minutes with your optical emissionspectrometer? This is possible thanks to Spark-DAT(Spark Digital Acquisition and Treatment), an option ofthe Thermo Scientific ARL 4460 Metals Analyzer.

OES is a widely known andaccepted, fast, simple and maturetechnique to determine thechemical content of metallicsamples. Traditionally the lightemitted by the samples excitedthrough a few thousand sparks isintegrated over the total excitation

period and the signal transformed into concentrations. Spark-DAT, sometimes referred to as PDA/OES (Pulse

Discrimination Analysis/OES), is based on differentacquisition and treatment principles. With Spark-DAT,instead of being integrated, the light intensitiescorresponding to the individual "single" sparks areacquired separately. Since each single spark hits a verysmall area of the sample, the individual light componentscontain information on the material composition of amultitude of such small areas. This enables differences ofcomposition at the microscopic scale to be monitored,offering new potentials to OES, for instance the evaluationof non-metallic inclusions.

BenefitsThe OES elemental analysis is sometimes complementedwith analyses performed with other expensive and timeconsuming techniques that make the full analytical processcomplex. For example cleanness indices or inclusions areusually determined with optical or scanning electronmicroscopes. The sample preparation is long and thecounting tedious, making this method unsuitable forprocess control.

The possibility to obtain the elemental analysis andinformation on inclusion contents with a single OESinstrument drastically reduces investment and operatingcosts. This also simplifies and shortens the analyticalprocess, making it suitable for production control.

After its launch as an off-line tool in 1999, it rapidlybecame clear that full benefit would be obtained with anon-line version of the Spark-DAT. In 2000, acquisitionelectronics and treatment algorithms were thereforeintegrated in the instrument and its software. Since then,the software WinOE handles Spark-DAT results likeconventional OES results: stores them, prints them, checksthem against product specifications, transmits them on-line to process control computers, etc. In this way a singleanalysis can simultaneously provide overall concentrationsfrom the conventional analysis as well as informationabout inclusions or soluble/insoluble distribution fromSpark-DAT.

Success with Spark-DAT analyses strongly relies onthe excitation conditions. The CCS (Current ControlledSource) allows the optimal control of the more adaptedspark discharge form. In addition, the TRS (TimeResolved Spectroscopy) technology allows the lightcomponents to be collected when the signal-to-noise ratiois optimal or interferences are minimal.

The combination and full integration of the threetechnologies (Spark-DAT, CCS and TRS) make the ARL 4460 the spectrometer with the broadest capabilitiesand potential.

Principles of Spark-DATAs explained above, Spark-DAT intensities arerepresentative of the composition of the sample at thepositions hit by the corresponding spark. If theconcentration of an element is locally higher, it ismonitored as an intensity that is higher than the average.This is typically the case when a spark hits an Al-containing inclusion (e.g. Al2O3) in a low alloy steelsample: the Al concentration is higher in the particle thanin the matrix, giving rise to a higher intensity or a "peak"in a graphical display of the Al channel record. This isillustrated by the following spectrum-like "sparksdiagram" or "pulsogram" representing the Al intensity asa function of the spark number.

ApplicationNote: 41232

In this diagram, the ground signal is proportional tothe concentration of Al dissolved in the matrix and a peakto the amount of Al in the material ablated at a positionwhere one (or several) Al-containing inclusion(s) is (are)present. Consequently, the number of peaks is related tothe number of such inclusions and their height to factorssuch as the inclusion size and the concentration of Al inthe inclusion.

If these peaks are easily identified by the human eye,dedicated algorithms based on statistical principles arenecessary to valorize the recorded information as rapidlyas possible. Some very popular of these algorithms allowcounting inclusions peaks or peaks appearingsimultaneously on two, three or four element channels.

These simple numbers can provide solutions to replacethe complementary methods mentioned in the previousparagraph, for example cleanness index measurement. Infact, their potential to replace analyses that determinecharacteristics or properties that depend on the presenceof inclusions is enormous. If for example inclusionsaffecting the fatigue properties of some steel quality canbe monitored by Spark-DAT, then it is possible to replacelong and costly fatigue tests with fast and low cost Spark-DAT. Other examples are given in this application note.

Integration of Spark-DATThe Spark-DAT includes hardware, software andalgorithms. The digital acquisition and processing systemof Spark-DAT physically runs in parallel with theconventional signal acquisition and integration stages.

Spark-DAT can acquire the typical 2000 individualintensity values corresponding to the traditionalintegration of up to 32 channels simultaneously. Thereforea matrix of 32 * 2000 digitized (64K) values is thenavailable for on-line processing through fast algorithms,the process being so fast that the user doesn’t see it.

The values calculated are then supplied to theanalytical software which can handle them likeconventional channels: they can be included in anyanalytical program, associated with any analyticalcondition and integrated in calibration curvecomputations. Standard samples can be attributed for thecalibration of Spark-DAT channels, and setting-upsamples for their drift correction. In this way a single steelanalysis can simultaneously give overall concentrationsfrom the conventional analysis as well as informationabout inclusions or soluble/insoluble distribution fromSpark-DAT in less than 30 s.

Soluble/insoluble analysisWhile most of Spark-DAT investigations and discussionsconcern the subject of inclusions, a very popular andcommon application is the determination of theconcentration of the soluble or insoluble part of aluminumor boron. This analysis is already possible with an OESmethods called PIM2, but while PIM2 is accurate enoughin number of cases, its sensitivity can be insufficient andalternative techniques like atomic absorption spectrometryare used when more accurate results are necessary.

As explained above, Spark-DAT can discriminatesignals due to presence of Al in inclusions from those ofthe Al dissolved in the matrix. It therefore allowsevaluating the proportion of the soluble and insolubleparts of Al. Another way to display the result of a Spark-DAT acquisition is shown in the following "intensitydistribution" diagram of Al measured in a low alloy steelsample. The asymmetrical shape of the distribution is dueto the presence of insoluble Al. The intensities from thesoluble part follow a normal distribution and they aredelimited by the Gauss curve. The intensities outside ofthe Gauss curve, on the right hand side of the distribution,are due to inclusions intensity peaks and correspond tothe insoluble part.

In the next figures, PIM2 and Spark-DAT methods arecompared to AAS. The Standard Error of Estimates (SEE)is drastically reduced from 58 to 20 ppm by using Spark-DAT, showing the capacity of an optical emissionspectrometer equipped with Spark-DAT to determinesoluble Al very accurately, even at lowest concentrations.

The Spark-DAT method can potentially be used inmany other cases, like for instance the determination ofthe concentration of soluble Ti in steel or Pb in brass. Ask your Thermo Fisher Scientific representative fordetailed information.

Inclusion analysisThe simplest application of Spark-DAT consists incounting peaks to evaluate the number of inclusionscontaining given elements in a sample. This provides veryquick assessments on sample cleanness for instance, asshown in next paragraph.

AI intensity distribution

Freq

uenc

yof

the

clas

s

Intensity classes

Alsol by Spark-DAT

Alsol AAS %Alsol AAS %

Alsol by PIM method

R2 = 0.9808

SEE = 58 ppm

It is also possible to clearly identify inclusions bycorrelating the peaks observed on different channels. Forexample, peaks appearing simultaneously on the Al and Ochannels can be attributed to Al2O3 inclusions.Correlations can also be made with more than twoelements, for example between Al, Ca and O, in order toidentify calcium aluminate inclusions.

The next figure shows the simultaneous recording ofthe two channels Al and Ca on a low alloy steel sample.

In this case, peaks present on Al only correspond toAl2O3 inclusions, Ca peaks to CaO inclusions, while peaksappearing simultaneously on both channels can beattributed to Al2O3-CaO inclusions.

In steel, many other inclusion types can be determinedby counting correlations between groups of channels (Spark-DAT algorithms for up to four elements), for example:oxides (TiO2, MgO,...), sulfides (CaS, MnS,…), nitrides(TiN, AlN,…), carbides (TiC,…), silicates, spinels, etc.

The method is not dedicated to steel applications.Inclusions are present in the production of all metals andalloys, and the many principles applied on steel are validas well. In aluminum, for instance, oxides (MgO,Al2O3,…), salts (MgCl2, NaCl,…), parts of refractory,nitrides (AlN, BN,…), and other various compounds canbe observed with Spark-DAT. In the next figure, thepresence of TiB2 inclusions in an Al alloy is illustrated bythe correlations between peaks of Ti and B channels.

Steel cleannessCleanness indices are usually determined by counting thesize and the nature of inclusions. Various methods areavailable for this purpose.

Spark-DAT can also determine the cleanness index ofa metal by simply counting the number of peaks in theintensity records of the channels of interest (Al, Ca,Mg…). The amount of peaks is in many cases wellcorrelated with number of inclusions and therefore withthe cleanness obtained by usual methods.

The sparks diagrams of Al (blue) and Ca (red)channels shown below were measured on samples taken atdifferent stages of the Al killing in the manufacturing

process of a steel quality. The Al diagrams are particularlyinteresting since they illustrate how cleanness can beassessed with Spark-DAT.

In the four samples, Al peaks were counted with analgorithm discriminating signals at the level of 4,000. Insample A, taken before any treatment was applied, 4relevant Al peaks were counted. In sample B, taken justafter the 1st treatment, 30 Al peaks were measured.Aluminum was added in order to remove the oxygendissolved in the steel by forming Al2O3 particles and asexpected, more inclusions were detected in B than in A.These inclusions were then eliminated, by migration intothe slag. Sample C was taken just after a 2nd treatment wasapplied. In this sample, 2 Al peaks were monitored, lessand smaller than after 1st treatment, due to less solubleoxygen present after the 1st treatment. In the final productD, no relevant peak was counted, because most of thenewly formed Al inclusions migrated to the slag. The finalproduct not only has the smallest oxygen content, it is alsothe cleanest steel, with the least and smallest Al inclusions.

Oxygen by Spark-DATThe measurement of oxygen at low concentration in steelis difficult, due to various contaminations. Since most ofthe oxygen is under the form of oxides, its concentrationis related to the amount of oxide inclusions (aluminumoxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide…) present in thesample. The figure below shows the excellent correlationobtained between the oxygen concentration measured bycombustion and the number of inclusions detected bySpark-DAT, in a set of bearing steel samples.

The standard deviation of the eight measurementsgives a valuable indication of the homogeneity of theinclusion population in the sample. Several analyses mustbe performed in order to measure a statisticallyrepresentative area of the sample.

Ti

B

AI

Ca

©2007 Thermo FisherScientific Inc. All rightsreserved. All othertrademarks are the propertyof Thermo Fisher ScientificInc. and its subsidiaries.

Specifications, terms andpricing are subject to change.Not all products are availablein all countries. Pleaseconsult your local salesrepresentative for details.


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Improvements in elemental analysisSpark-DAT simplifies detecting and identifyingcontamination. A first example is for the determination ofcarbon, nitrogen and oxygen in steel being biased by:

• Surface contamination during sample preparation

• Adsorption of O and C during sample transport frompreparation to analyzer

• Exogenous contamination during analysis throughremaining traces of the elements to be analyzed(leakages, previous analyses…)

• Endogenous impurities related to the presence ofsegregations, gas bubbles or inclusions

As another example, the figure below shows thecalcium channel measured in an aluminum alloy sample.When freshly milled, the Spark-DAT spectrum shows onlya few peaks. If the sample is left in air for one day, it isclearly shown that both the number of peaks and themean intensity level are increased.

Ca in aluminum matrix, just after milling

Ca in aluminum matrix, after 1 day

ConclusionsThe Spark-DAT option increases the versatility of yourARL 4460 spectrometer. It provides fast information thatis complementary to the commonly measuredconcentrations, for example:• The concentration of the soluble part of an element, for

instance Al and B in a low alloy steel• Numbers of inclusions and determination of the

cleanness of the analyzed metal• Identification of inclusions or determination of their

composition by counting peaks correlated on severalchannels

• Information about sample homogeneity and inclusionsdistribution

• Improvement of the performance of the elementalanalysis by identifying contaminations

Furthermore, it gives many opportunities to replacelong lasting or complex analyses or tests by a quick andsimple method.

Off-line investigations with Spark-DATSpark-DAT intensities can be stored in standard text orcomma separated value files. These files can then be usedoff-line for investigations on inclusions or for research anddevelopment of new methods or algorithms for instance.They can be used as input for third party programs or forARL Sparks, a very useful tool that displays the sparksdiagrams and the intensity distributions, and helps forsearching correlations.

New algorithms• Your off-line investigations or developments lead to a

new algorithm and you would like it to be available foron-line work on your instrument

• Do you need the new algorithms developed by ourcompany?

The open structure of Spark-DAT allows installation ofadditional algorithms at any time without needing toupdate the software.

If you have developed a new algorithm, we canimplement it for you and install it on your instrument (ifnecessary for your exclusive use). We also keep developingnew algorithms which are compatible with your Spark-DAT software.

Ask your local Thermo Fisher Scientific representativefor detailed information.

Upgrade of your ARL 4460As of fall 2000, all ARL 4460 spectrometers are equippedwith electronics compatible with Spark-DAT, allowing adirect upgrade of the hardware. Earlier ARL 4460instruments additionally require the upgrade of theacquisition electronics. Moreover, should extra lines berequired, the upgrade of the instrument optics has to beconsidered. Ask your local Thermo Fisher Scientificrepresentative for detailed information.

Hardware and technical specifications• Spark-DAT with a capacity of 32 acquisition channels

• Instrument acquisition electronics for each channel

• PCI Analog-Digital Converter (ADC) board installed inthe WinOE computer for the channels acquisition

• Set of cables and connection box

• Runs with WinOE version 3.0-1 or higher

• File output for off-line data evaluation compatible toTXT and CSV formats (Comma Separated Values) thatcan be read by numerous data processing software

The Intelligent Solution

Thermo ScientificARL SMS-2000

Automated Metals Analyzer

Better quality analyses available faster

Ultimate analytical performance

Short and constant response times

Increased efficiency, reduced manual labor



An opportunity to seizeOur company identified very early theimportance of automating sample analysesto improve quality control operations in themetals industry. In the mid 80’s, we werefirst in introducing a fully automatic versionof our optical emission spectrometers. Sincethen, the automated Thermo Scientific ARL3460 and ARL 4460 metals analyzers withSMS (Sample Manipulation System) haveestablished a high standard of excellence inthe most demanding applications such asthe iron and steel industry. They arerecognized today as the reference in termsof reliability, life time and performance.

The latest Thermo Scientific ARL SMS-2000 version sets new performancestandards in speed, precision and capacityto meet the most sophisticated applications.

Major productivity gainsWith the ARL SMS-2000, the samples areprepared and analyzed at a very rapid, fullysustainable and perfectly predictable ratewithout operator intervention. Operatingand analysis costs are cut significantly:• The results are available faster to

improve production turnover• More samples can be processed, so

frequently eliminating productionbottlenecks

• Qualified laboratory personnel can bereleased from routine duties

• Automatic instrument monitoringfunctions ensure that instrumentperformance is permanently under control

• A better usage of standards reducesoperating costs even further. Theiranalysis surface is fully sparked beforetheir automatic re-preparation

Better analysis dependability andqualityAutomation with ARL SMS-2000 reduceschemical analysis variation, eliminatesmany of the causes of measurement errorsand fully exploits the analytical performanceof modern Thermo Scientific process controlspectrometers.

All samples are processed underrigorously identical and reproducibleconditions following procedures defined andset up in advance.

Human variables, mistakes, subjectivefactors influencing analysis results anddown times are eliminated. Results aremore accurate and more reproducible;difficult samples can be analyzed withoutperformance compromise; less time is lostwith sample repeats.

Spectrometer monitoring and controlform an integral part of the automaticsystem. The most complex analysisprocedures are applied systematicallywithout the need for any operatorintervention.

A very fast payback

• More dependable and less expensiveanalyses makes for a rapid return oninvestment (typically less than one year),not only for the automatic system butalso for the spectrometer itself

• Smoother production flows with moreefficient quality control tools cutmanufacturing costs

• The critical phases of production aremonitored more effectively, so enablingcommitments to be given for compliancewith still more stringent productspecifications

Proven and recognizedtechnologyLaunched in the early 2000’s, the ARL SMS-2000 is the trustworthy successor to theprevious generations of SMS systems and aserious challenge to beat for manuallyoperated instruments. Continuouslyenhanced as a result of customer’s feedbackand experience, the ARL SMS-2000 satisfiesthe full range of metals production controlrequirements, from large aluminum smeltersto the most modern steel works, includingfoundries with varied capacities and needs.

They are used successfully over yearsby many well-known companies who relyentirely on our ability to supply reliableautomation solutions and to support themefficiently for many years followinginstallation.

Powerful, multi-purpose andentirely customizableThe remarkable quality and speed of theARL SMS-2000 industrial robot combinedwith the unique ARL SMS automationsoftware provide an almost unlimitedoperational flexibility to cover all possibleapplications. This avoids having to redesignthe system each time and guaranteesoptimum support and evolution.

Personalized configurationThis single product strategy does not limitthe choice of the configuration best suitedfor your specific application and needs.

Options are available to simplifysample registration and introduction as well as for further sample processing suchas radioactivity measurement and sample labeling.

ARL SMS-2000A third generation product at the leading edge of technology

Thermo

Scientific

ARL

SMS

- 2000Autom

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etalsAnalyzer

Production samples can beregistered manually via terminals. Options areavailable to facilitate and speed upregistration such as reading data vianetwork files, bar code readers, selecting fromsample lists. On-line registration via networkby means of other computers (processcomputers, laboratory management systems)is also possible to avoid errors and save time.

We offer fully automatic machines forthe preparation of metallic samples toprovide the surface quality required forreliable analysis by optical emission (ironand steel, cast iron, aluminum, copper,magnesium, zinc, etc). Many options areavailable such as magazines for sampleintroduction. High quality, reproducible andreliable sample preparation is an essentialcomponent of the automated metals analyzerwhich influences directly the analyticalperformance and the system uptime.

The samplescan also be prepared outside the systemand introduced manually in the ARL SMS-2000 system for automatic analysis.

The analysis results are immediatelyand automatically transmitted to addresseesaccording to their specific needs.

Laboratory applicationsThe system is fully compatible withcentralized laboratories equipped with oneor more preparation and analysis lines andlinked to sampling locations via air tubesystems for sample transport.

Simple and normalized interfaces easecommunication with other laboratory andprocess computers while providing all thenecessary functionality.

This permits tooptimize the performance of largeautomated laboratories and reducescommissioning times to a strict minimum.

In-situ analysisWhen the analysis must be closer to the process, the ARLQuantoShelter is the ideal solution.Also called the lab in a box, it is a container specially designedfor housing the automated Thermo Scientific metals analyzerwith sample preparation; it is used when no protectedpremises are available in production to install the system.The system operates very much like a process sensor or anon-stream analyzer. The sample transport times are thenreduced to a minimum as the laboratory is brought to thesamples rather than the other way around.

A simple, efficient and very fastsystem designed for easymaintenanceThe automated metals analyzer with ARLSMS-2000 is designed to minimizeresponse time and to optimize samplethroughput. Each component of the system(spectrometer – SMS system – preparationmachine) has its own intelligence and workssimultaneously and independently of theother. This distributed processing concept,with each component working at itsoptimum rate, maximizes the systemefficiency; tasks are performed in parallelrather than purely sequentially.

For instance, samples are preparedwhile other samples are analyzed; theinstrument stand cleaning is performed inhidden time by the spectrometer,independently of the SMS robot.

Each system component can also beused manually as a stand-alone devicewhen necessary for maintenance or forback-up purposes.

The SMS system has its own “brain” inthe form of an autonomous automationsoftware running in parallel with theanalytical software. This distribution oftasks increases the modularity of thesoftware and simplifies testing, diagnosticsand maintenance; very few spectrometerextensions are required for automation.

The SMS robot stands on a chassislinked to the ARL metals analyzer. The robotcontrol unit, with its digital signalsinterface, performs all hardware monitoringfunctions, which simplifies considerably theautomation. It is located under the chassiswith the SMS power supplies, electronicsand the sample sorting and filing recipients.

High precision brushless AC-servomotors provide for an almost maintenancefree robot operation. Integrated absoluteencoder technology is used to achieve a

position repeatability of ± 0.02 mm. Theorigin is established once for ever when theunit is powered for the first time and thereis no need for complex, time-consumingreference traverses. The arm length is 0.5 mand the maximum speed of 2.1 m per secondprovide for a sample handling speed nomanually operated instrument can cope with.

Waiting positions are also used tofurther optimize throughput when severalproduction samples have to be processed:prepared samples can be stored temporarilyto free the preparation machine for theprocessing of subsequent samples.

More reliable, accurate andreproducible analysesThe global system reliability being no betterthan that of the weakest link of the line,each component of the automatic systemhas been selected based on very strictquality criteria, including the samplepreparation machine. The SMS software issubject to the most comprehensive testsever done by our company.

At the heart of the system is the ARL3460 or ARL 4460 metals analyzer with itsanalytical software. The prepared samplesare transferred directly by the SMS robot tothe spectrometer stand. Their presence is

automatically detected. The sample is thenautomatically clamped onto the stand tableduring the measurements.

The ARL SMS-2000 robot automaticallyand very precisely shifts the samplebetween sparks as necessary to obtain aresult representative of the sample.

Bad sparks are automatically rejected.To reduce the processing times for difficultsamples, bad burns can be detected earlyduring the pre-integration with the ARL4460 metals analyzer.

The production samples areautomatically sorted and filed. Eightcontainers are available for this purpose.Production samples can also be returned tothe preparation system in large automatedapplications (for instance for centralizedsorting and filing).

The cleaning of the stand table and ofthe electrode is performed in hidden timebefore or after analysis, thus ensuring aperfect cleaning and the best analysiscadence. The electrode can also be cleanedbetween sample sparks.

A command panel is available tooperate the automatic stand when thespectrometer is used manually.

Automation tailored to your needs

Thermo

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ARL

SMS

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Automated unattendedinstrument monitoring andverification proceduresEnsuring that the automated metalsanalyzer permanently delivers quality resultsis essential to prevent scrap and rework inproduction.

Control samples are regularly analyzedand processed by statistical evaluationtechniques (SPC) to detect eventualanomalies.

Automatic instrument standardization istriggered by the system when necessaryand alarms are produced when manualinterventions are required to prevent thesystem going out-of-control.

For certification purposes, theinstrument analytical performance can bepermanently recorded and visualized in theform of control charts (SPC-Full option)without operator intervention. The SPC-Fullsoftware is not merely limited to instrumentmonitoring; it can be applied automaticallyto production control as well for quickreview of the performance and identificationof possible process improvements.

Type standards can also be used tocorrect response differences betweeninstrument calibration and the compositionof particular alloys.

Conditioning samples can be measuredto remove eventual stand contaminationwhen trace elements must be measuredfollowing alloys samples or for conditioningof sample preparation grinding belts.

The ARL SMS-2000 magazine forstandards is fixed and universal. It can storeas many as 45 cylindrical and/or conicalsetting-up, control samples and typestandards of variable diameter. Higherstorage capacities are available as options.

When a preparation machine isavailable, the setting-up, control samplesand type standards can be re-prepared

automatically in idle time, immediatelybefore analysis or at the request of anoperator. A specific preparation program isused to reduce standards consumption andsystem operating costs.

A rotation device turns the samples byabout 45° to avoid any bias in the re-preparation over time and prevent anysample inclination problems.

Full traceability of quality controlactivitiesIn addition to the analytical performance,events of interest can be recorded andcommunicated to other computers. Thesefunctions are fully automatic and do notaffect system performance.

Greater availability for processingproduction samplesAuthorized users can perform various taskswithout interfering with the automaticprocessing of the production samples:• Synoptic sample monitoring to display

their position and the status of eachsystem component

• Registration of manual samplesintroduced directly in the ARL SMS-2000

• Examination of the recorded systemactivities

• Request to run a control sample or tostandardize the instrument

• Pre-prepared samples can be introducedmanually into the SMS system

• SPC control charts can be displayed andprinted

• Analyses or the latest standardization canbe examined

• User accounts allocate the systemresources and protect the system againstunauthorized changes

Sample surface managementThe analysis surface of every standardis managed to perform a maximumnumber of sparks before having to re-prepare (saving on expensive referencesamples and making more timeavailable for the processing ofproduction samples).

Automation to advance quality control capabilites An open and evolving product

Selective standardizationOnly the instrument channels ‘out of control’are then corrected. The number of samplesto analyze is reduced.

Simplified and efficientmaintenanceMany on-line diagnosis tools enable systemand component tests to be performed toreduce breakdown times. Remote diagnosesare available as a standard facility. Thesystem can be checked via telephone lineunder the supervision of our specialists andthe software can be quickly updated.

Simple restart procedures guide theoperator to start the system up again.

To ensure optimum samplemanipulation reliability, every type ofproduction, setting-up and control sample isgripped and handled by the robot as aspecific sample.

The spark positions are specific toevery sample; they can be easily and quicklychanged by the user to provide for the bestanalysis conditions.

OptionsA wide range of options is available tosatisfy your individual needs:• Support of up to 5 different production

sample shapes• Labeling of production samples on the

analysis surface or on their back • A vision system to select the best spark

positions for difficult samples and rejectthem without analysis trial when theycannot be measured

• Sample collections and batchessoftware to facilitate the registration and processing of repetitive series ofproduction samples (for instance,samples from aluminum electrolytic baths)

• Security system compliant with ISOsafety norms

• Remote control of the automated ThermoScientific metals analyzer

• Digital signals for communication withexternal customers devices

• Automatic re-preparation of sampleswhich cannot be analyzed

• Sample radioactivity detection • Larger standards magazine capacity• Sample registration via terminal or

network• Registration from the list of production

samples announced by other computersor using sample identification parametersrecorded on a network disk

• Chronological filing of productionsamples on slide(s)

A flexible and extremely powerfulautomation toolTo satisfy the requirements of the mostvaried applications with a standard solution,very comprehensive functionality and totaloperational flexibility are incorporated intothe automated metals analyzer software.This permits us:• To propose, with the ARL SMS-2000, the

first generic spectrometer automationsolution and concentrate on testing asingle software version for all customers

• To release the most thoroughly verifiedsoftware components ever produced forspectrometer automation applicationsrequiring high reliability and uptime

• To ensure the full durability of thecustomer investment and simplify after-sales support of a product strictlyidentical for all applications

• To permit short installation andcommissioning times

We configure and customize every SMSsystem according to your particular needsbefore delivery.

Additionally, all the functions andoperating flexibility of the system remainaccessible after its installation. The ARLSMS-2000 can be further fine-tuned to takeadvantage of your experience in using it andto handle changing or new requirementswhich are difficult to anticipate. This greatlyreduces dependency on the supplier oncethe system is commissioned.

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A strong, multi-purpose platformThe ARL SMS-2000 system benefits directlyfrom synergy effects with other XRF and fireassay applications. It is designed,industrialized, documented, manufacturedand maintained according to ISO 9001-2000procedures. The result is unmatched featuresand performance with the most advancedautomation system available today.

Updates are regularly made availableby our company, as and when newpossibilities arise. This expandabilityprotects the ARL SMS-2000 system fromobsolescence and keeps it in pace with thefast evolution of the technology.

A unique automation product rangeThe ARL SMS-2000 system is not merelylimited to optical emission applications. Thesame system is used for the automation ofX-ray fluorescence spectrometers (XRF) andfire assay analyzers (FAA):• ARL SMS-2000 XRF version for the ARL

9800 and ARL 9900 XRF spectrometers• ARL SMS-2000 for the ARL Fire Assay

AnalyzersThe other Thermo Scientific automation

products include:• The ARL SMS-Omega and SMS-XY entry

level systems for XRF spectrometerautomation

• The ARL SMS-3000 for twin OES and XRFspectrometer automation

To keep you informed about our latestdevelopments, please visit www.thermo.com/oesor www.thermo.com/xray.

New perspectives for users of Thermo Scientific automated spectrometers:

• One single partner and sole responsibility for metallurgical applications requiringdifferent analysis techniques (optical emission and X-ray fluorescence)

• Standardization of production monitoring tools to reduce the complexity of automaticlaboratories and supervisor training needs

• Automation expertise, support and services worldwide

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Specifications

Metals analyzers supported Models ARL 3460 and ARL 4460 Sample weight Max. 900 gramsProduction samples Shape: Lollypop single and dual thickness,

spemis, disks, cylindrical or conical (max. 3° cone angle)

Dimension: Within ± 1 mmHeight: 8 mm minimum (after preparation)

Setting-up, control, conditioning samples and type standards Shape: Disks, cylindrical or conical

(max. 3° cone angle)Dimension: 30-50 mm in diameterHeight: 8-64 mm.

Magazine for setting-up, control, conditioning samples and type standards Capacity of 45 samples: 5 columns of 5, 7 or 9 positions each

with respectively up to 64, 45 or 30 mmthick standards

Sample preparation system For ferrous samples: Milling Dual belt grindingCup wheel and belt grinding

Options: Sample introduction systemsFor non-ferrous samples: Dual milling or cutting and millingOptions: Sample introduction systems

Sample preparation time andtransfer to the ARL SMS-2000 Depends on the type of sample preparation (25-75 sec)

Typical Production Sample Manipulation Times:

Transfer to the metals analyzer stand 7 secSample shifting for another spark 5 sec (6 sec for the ARL 3460)Sample filing and robot move to the next sample 8 sec (10 sec for the ARL 3460)Sample labeling (option) 8 secSample surface analysis by a vision system (option) 2 secStand and electrode cleaning In hidden time (except for the cleaning

between sparks – programmable – about 5 sec)Operates in parallel and independently of the robot

Response time and cadenceTypical response time (ARL 4460) with two sparks of 24 seconds each (including the result calculation time) 60 sec (62 sec with vision)Maximum analysis cadence per hour (ARL 4460 without sample preparation) 60 production samples without marking

and vision51 production samples with marking and vision

VariousFloor space requirements including the ARL SMS-2000 (in mm) Length 2800without security system Width 840 (1170 with optional extension

table)Max. height 1350-1600 (with vertical robot arm)

ARL SMS-2000:Weight 200 kgSupplies 0,2 m3 air per hour at 6-10 barPower 230 VAC ± 10 %, 50/60 Hz ± 2 %, earth < 1 Ohm, 1.5 – 2.5 KVAOperating conditions Laboratory (except for the sample preparation machine)

Product Specifications



An evolution of existingautomation solutionsThermo Scientific robotized spectrometershave been continuously enhanced since theearly 90’s as a result of customer’s feedbackand experience. Today, the automatedspectrometers with ARL SMS-2000 haveestablished a very high standard ofexcellence in the most demandingenvironments such as the iron and steelindustry.

The new ARL SMS-3000 builds on thissuccess and shows:• Our commitment to focus at customer

applications and respond to theirexpectations

• Our capacity to use a variety of internalcompetences and products to deliver newproducts

Single source – One partner, onecompetence, one responsibilityOur company is unique in designing andmanufacturing X-Ray Fluorescencespectrometers (XRF), Optical EmissionSpectrometers (OES) and Fire AssayAnalyzers (FAA) with their automationsystem including the robot.

Our competence is not merely limitedto one analytical technique or automationbut covers complete systems.

ARL SMS-3000Automation of twin OESand XRF Spectrometers

The Thermo Scientific ARL SMS-3000 is a high-end,affordable alternative to singlespectrometer automationsolutions. The automation ofmultiple spectrometers andpreparation machines offers newopportunities for users requiringmore comprehensive andintegrated automation solutions inthe metals and mining industries.

Thermo Scientific CRS F3 robot


Combined XRF and OES analysisIn high alloy and stainless steel or copper,brass and bronze applications, a singleanalysis is produced with highconcentration alloy elements from the ARLARL 9800 or 9900 XRF spectrometer andtrace and light elements from the ARL 4460metals analyzer.• Very short response times

Just a few seconds are needed for theARL SMS-3000 robot to move samplesbetween the system components.

• Increased reliabilityComplex and time consuming electro-mechanical transfer systems areeliminated. In addition to significantproductivity gains related to laborsavings, the results are available muchfaster, which improves productionturnover.

Double OES configuration This is typical of iron and steel laboratorieswhere two instruments are necessary topermanently provide analysis services andassure fast response times when severalurgent samples have to be processedsimultaneously.• High sample throughput and analysis

dependabilityIn metals applications, this permits tocope with heavy sample workloads. TheARL SMS-3000 is an affordablealternative to the higher cost of two fullyduplicate and separate automated lines,each with its own robot.

Double sample preparationmachine supportThis reduces response times, increasessample processing cadence and improvesthe availability of automatic samplepreparation in highly critical productioncontrol environments.

Latest Thermo Scientific roboticstechnology with proven SMSsoftwareThe ARL SMS-3000 uses the latest versionof Thermo Scientific SMS software withenhancements to work simultaneously withtwo spectrometers and two preparationmachines. It is equipped with one of thebest industrial robots available today.

This high end Thermo Scientific CRS F3robot has an impressive potential and isideally suited for twin spectrometersautomation:• Its large work volume with an arm length

of 0.84 m and 6 or 7 degrees of freedompermits direct access of twin OES andXRF spectrometers.

• Samples of up to 1.2 kg are moved atspeed up to 4 m/s. Given usualproduction sample weights, this meansless solicitation and reduced wear,increased reliability and longer lifetime.

• Minimum maintenance is required as theThermo CRS F3 uses high-precision,brushless AC-servo motors and internalcabling. Absolute encoder technologyestablishes the mechanical origin oncefor ever when the unit is first turned on.

ARL SMS-3000 stationary version

An automation product designedwith its users in mind

• Simplicity of operation The same analytical software is used forthe XRF and OES applications andautomation is based on the proven andreputed ARL SMS software. One screenprovides access to the full range ofsample tracking and automation userfunctions. A single registration device andintroduction location is necessary, theproduction samples being automaticallydispatched to the relevant systemcomponents.

An affordable solution to double your analytical power

AutomatedXRF

Automationworkstation

ARL SMS -3000

AutomatedOES

Manualpark

position

SampleRegistration

Preparationmachine

ARL 4460 robot access for automaticanalysis

ARL 4460 access for manual analysis

Partners in productivity

• Flexible instrument integration andcomprehensive analysis modes When two equivalent spectrometers areused with two preparation machines, thesamples can be prepared and analyzedsimultaneously; to ensure optimumavailability around the clock and 365 daysper year, they can also be processed byany of the two preparation machines andspectrometers. Sequential processing applies to twin XRFand OES configurations. Any spectrometer can be used off-line foranalytical method development and tests,or simply for the analysis of productsamples with irregular shapes. The instrument accesses for operator androbot are automatically controlled by theSMS software; a simple softwarecommand allows switching equipmentsbetween automatic and manual modes.

• Increased work volume with a lineartrack robot versionAnd the choice is not merely limited to asingle stationary version where the robotstands on a chassis; a 2 meters lineartrack permits to increase the ARL SMS-3000 robot working range by adding a 7thdegree of freedom. The two spectrometerscan then be installed aside each otherrather than at 90°. This simplifies alsosample transfer to and from the samplepreparation machines.

• Full compliance with securityregulations The ARL SMS-3000 safety enclosure isdesigned according to the applicable CEconformity standards. The system is alsocompatible with robotics and electro-magnetic norms. A separate control boxis used to temporarily interrupt the robotoperation and unlock the access doors fora manual intervention in the system. The automatic operation can then bequickly resumed without having to restart the system.

ARL SMS-3000 linear track version

• Easy service and maintenanceThe system provides easy and directaccess to the various components formaintenance purposes or manual work.Each instrument or preparation machinecan be quickly disconnected withoutinterruption of the automatic operation. Inaddition, the spectrometers can slide to aseparate park position for service or formanual operation over longer timeperiods. This is done without having todisconnect the spectrometers supplies.

w 2 meters lineartrack

AutomatedOES

AutomatedOES

ARL SMS-3000Preparation

machinePreparation

machine

Automationworkstation

SampleRegistration

SampleRegistration


Even more features andcapabilities than the other ARLSMS versionsWith the new ARL SMS-3000 system, thefamily of ARL SMS automation productsconsists of:• The ARL SMS-XY and ARL SMS-Omega

manipulator based systems for XRFapplications

• The ARL SMS-2000 EL entry level for OES applications

• The ARL SMS-2000 robotized system forsingle OES or XRF spectrometerautomation and sample preparation

• The ARL SMS-3000 for the automation oftwin OES and XRF spectrometers withdouble preparation machine support

The same set of core ARL SMS-2000software sources is used to generate any ofthese versions.

This maximizes the synergy betweenapplications, reduces development andtesting efforts and facilitates maintenancework. This strategy assures fullmaintainability and upgradeability to protectthe system from obsolescence and keeppace with the fast evolution of thetechnology. The result is the most advancedautomation solution with unmatchedfeatures, performance and reliability.

The ARL SMS-3000 shares the sameoptions than the other ARL SMS-2000versions, namely:• Choice of the sample preparation

machine to obtain high quality,reproducible sample analysis surfaces

• Support of oxides associated with metalproduction (mineral ores, sinters, baths,slags and blast furnace slags)

• Up to 5 different production sampleshapes

• Sample registration via terminal ornetwork

• Registration from the list of productionsamples announced by other computers

• Registration using sample identificationparameters recorded on a network disk

• Labeling of production samples on theanalysis surface or on their back

• Vision system to evaluate preparedsample surface quality and reject badsamples without analysis trials. For OES,selection of the best spark positions incase of difficult samples

• Sample collections and batches; tofacilitate the registration and processingof repetitive series of samples (forinstance, samples from aluminumelectrolytic baths)

• Remote control of the automated OESand XRF spectrometers

• Digital signals for communication ofalarms to external visual or acousticdevices

• Automatic re-preparation of sampleswhich cannot be analyzed

• Sample radioactivity detection• Chronological filing of production samples

on slide(s)• Manual single sample introduction slide• Manual sample introduction magazine for

systems without automatic samplepreparation

In addition, the ARL SMS-3000provides as standard:• Complete safety enclosure with computer

controlled operator access doors andcontrol box

• Comprehensive instrument monitoringprocedures to ensure that thespectrometers permanently deliver qualityresults, avoiding scrap and rework inproduction

• Early detection of sample presence• Waiting positions for the temporary

storage of samples to further optimizethroughput

• A large magazine for up to 90 setting-up,control samples and type standardswhich can be shared between the twospectrometers or dedicated to a specificinstrument. Sections of the magazine canalso be used for manual sampleintroduction

• Support of conditioning samples forcleaning purposes

• Rotation of standards before re-preparation using any of the twopreparation machines, to avoid any biasin the prepared surface over time

• UPS for the ARL SMS-3000 automationsystem including the robot; withcomputer controlled shut-down procedurewhen the power holding time is elapsed

An affordable solution to double your analytical power

Sample labeling system

ARL SMS-XY for X-ray spectrometer

A unique productivityenhancement tool for metals andmining applicationsThe ARL SMS-3000 is an opportunity toapply productivity enhancement tools at theleading edge of technology to advanceproduction Quality Control solutions.

With nearly 400 robotized ThermoScientific spectrometers installed aroundthe world, our company has an undisputedreputation of performance and durability.• An affordable automation solution

Expensive peripherals like vision orsample labeling can be shared betweentwo instruments. A single set of up to 90standards is necessary for the monitoringof the two instruments. A single robotand SMS automation workstation arenecessary. Expensive electro-mechanicalsample transfer devices are not neededanymore

The right automation solution foryour specific application The family of Thermo Scientific SMSautomation solutions sets new standardsfor manually operated instruments to match,and makes automation even moreindispensable to advance your qualitycontrol capabilities. You can now choosethe automation solution best suited to yourneeds. Thermo automation specialists areavailable to evaluate your application and toadvise on solutions.

This is another example of ourcontinuous commitment to help customersimprove productivity.

Vision system ARL SMS-3000 magazine for standards

Partners in productivity

ARL SMS-3000 sample filing Return of a standard sample to the magazine

©2007 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. All rights reserved. All trademarks are the property of Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. and its subsidiaries. Specifications, termsand pricing are subject to change. Not all products are available in all countries. Please consult your local sales representative for details.


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PS41121_E 11/07C


SPECTROMETERS

Optical Emission Spectrometer (OES) supported ARL 4460 metals analyzerX-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer supported ARL 9800 and ARL 9900 series XRF

SAMPLES

Sample weight Max. 1’200 gramsProduction samples - Metals Shape : Lollypop single and dual thickness, oval (spemis), disks, cylindrical

or slightly conical. Parallel surfaces required for XRFDimension : Within ± 1 mmHeight : 8-55 mm for OES, 8-30 mm for XRF (after preparation)

Production samples - Powder Shape: Pellets in steel rings (51.5 x 8 mm or 40 x 14 mm)Fused beads on metallic supports

Setting-up samples, control samples, type standards Shape : Metals: disks, cylindrical or conical (max. 3° cone angle)(SCT). Conditioning samples Powder: Pellets in steel rings, fused beads on metallic supports

Dimension : 32-52 mm in diamter, smaller samples (>25 mm) by OES onlyHeight : 8-60 mm for OES, 8-30 mm for XRFStorage magazine: Capacity of 90 samples (10 columns of 5, 7 or 9 positions each

with respectively up to 60, 45 or 30 mm thick standards)

SAMPLE PREPARATION

For ferrous samples Grinding: Cup wheel - Cup wheel and belt - double belts grinding. Milling

Options Sample introduction systemsFor non-ferrous samples Dual milling or cutting and millingOptions Sample introduction systemsFor powder samples Grinding mill, pelletizing press. Fusion machineOptions Crusher, sample introduction systemsPreparation time including transfer to the ARL SMS Depends on the type of sample preparation

Documents

Thermo Scientiﬁc ARL 3460 Metals Analyzer - Comlibris · As a multi-channel optical emission spectrometer, the Thermo Scientiﬁc ARL 3460 is designed for fast, accurate metals