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8/10/2019 Thermal-Fluids Lab Report - Group 3
1/18
Experiment 1: Thermal Efficiency Apparatus
Table 1 Data for Heat Engine
(Done By Tin Cheong Eng)
Table Calculation
Trial PH = VHX I H PW= VW2/ R TH
(K)
Tc(K)
T = TH-TC(K) THERMAL CARNOT
1 2!2 "!2#$"% #&% 2$' '$ "!$#&$ 21!#'"
2 1&!2 "!1"12% #1 2$% %& "!&2%"" 1&!22
# !$ "!"#%#$ #1' 2$2 #% "!#&1"" 11!"1 %!" "!"2#11 2 2$" 1 "!&22% &!#%%
% 1!$ "!""&$ 2$' 2' $ "!#$"2% 2!'$'
(Done By Tin Cheong Eng)
8/10/2019 Thermal-Fluids Lab Report - Group 3
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1! A*+,r +, .l, ,0,ri,3+4 ., r,ali5,6 +a+ +, +,ral ,**ici,3c7 THERMALi8 6ir,c+l7
rr+i3al + +, i3cr,a8, i3 +, PH a36PW 9al:,8! A8 +, PH a36 PW 9al:,8 i3cr,a8,84 +,
+,ral ,**ici,3c7 al8 i3cr,a8,8!
;a,
8/10/2019 Thermal-Fluids Lab Report - Group 3
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"i'en that Carnot Efficiency (maximum efficiency) (TH TC) * TH
(TH TC) i8 +, 6i**,r,3c, ,+.,,3 +, +,,ra+:r, * +, + 8i6, a36 +, cl6 8i6,
I* +, 3i3a+r * +, *r:la 6,cr,a8,8 +, a0i: ,**ici,3c7 .ill 6,cr,a8, a8 .,ll!
(Done By "ary Tan)
$!
TrialPH = VHX I
H
PW= VW2/
R TH(K) Tc(K)Rate of Change in
entrophy
1 2!2 "!2#$"% #&% 2$' "!"&%'
2 1&!2 "!1"12% #1 2$% "!"'1%
# !$ "!"#%#$ #1' 2$2 "!"#"'$
%!" "!"2#11 2 2$" "!"1&
% 1!$ "!""&$ 2$' 2' "!""&2
PH / TH PW/ Tc =*+ / *t
Br +, *i
8/10/2019 Thermal-Fluids Lab Report - Group 3
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Experiment : Confirming The Bernoulli E$uation
1! I6,3+i*7 +, # c36i+i38 i3 *l:i6 *l. 3,c,88ar7 *r ,r3:lliD8 E?:a+i3 + l6@
T, *l. * +, *l:i6 :8+ , 8+,a67!
T, *l:i6 :8+ , i39i8ci6!T, *l:i6 i8 i3cr,88il,!
(Done By "ary Tan)
2! A 8iri+ l,9,l i8 3,,6,6 i3 r6,r + 8,+ : +, ri< ri53+al + +, 76ra:lic ,3c i3
r6,r + aci,9, acc:ra+, r,8:l+! A8 i3 +, ,0,ri,3+4 +, 8iri+ l,9,l i8 alr,a67 a++ac,6 +
+, a8, la+, a36 7 a6:8+i3< +, a6:8+al, l,< * +, ri
8/10/2019 Thermal-Fluids Lab Report - Group 3
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Mi6-Val:,8
,+.,,3 T,8+ 1A36 T,8+ 2
1 2 # % & Ti, *r % li+,rcll,c+,6 (8,c)
;+a+ic H,a6
()21% 2"" 1'" 1%% 1" 1&" &
;+a
8/10/2019 Thermal-Fluids Lab Report - Group 3
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Accr6i3< + +, la. * c38,r9a+i3 * a++,r4 +, a88 *l. a+ a37 i3+ al3< +, +:,
:8+ , +, 8a,4 a36 +, 9,lci+7 a36 r,88:r, :8+ ca3
8/10/2019 Thermal-Fluids Lab Report - Group 3
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Experiment +: ,mpact of a -et
.1/ V1 = V24 +, a
8/10/2019 Thermal-Fluids Lab Report - Group 3
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22 "!"22 &" "!2 "!"""#&' '!2% %#!211 1!&2
2'!% "!"2'% &" "!# "!"""%$ !11$ $#!1# 2!#
#" "!"# &" "! "!"""%"" !' $!& #!2
##!% "!"##% &" "!% "!"""%%$ 11!1"$ 12#!#$1 !"%
I,pact of -et .pparat0 He,i0pherical Cp
o33le 4ia,eter5 6 (,)7 "!""$ .rea 5. (,2) 7 "!""""%"2'
Vol,eCollecte6
Ti,eRe8ire6
.pplie69a00
lo:rate
Velocity(Velocity) 2 .pplie6
orce
Vol! t , ;=Vol!/ t V1=; / . V12 W
litre0 ,# 0ec
8/10/2019 Thermal-Fluids Lab Report - Group 3
9/18
(Done By Tin Cheong Eng)
./T, 6i**,r,3c, a7, 6:, + +, a88:+i3 +a+ +, *ric+i3 i8 + 8all + ,9,3
c38i6,r :+ *ric+i3 6,8 ,0i8+ 3 +, 8:r*ac, * +, la+,! ;,c36l74 .a+,r ,+ 9,lci+7 i8
c38i6,r,6 + , c38+a3+ a*+,r i+ l,a9,8 +, 355l, +ill i+ i+ +, la+,4 :+ 6:, + +,
,0i8+,3c, *
8/10/2019 Thermal-Fluids Lab Report - Group 3
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.3/ Ti8 6i*ica+i3 a7 , r, acc:ra+,4 :+ +, ,+,r4 B :8,6 i3 +i8 arra3, +, 6i*ica+i3 a8 8+a+,6 a9,4 +, 76ra:lic8 +,8+
,3c +a+ .,r, :8,6 i3 :r ,0,ri,3+ .ill 3l7 r,?:ir, :8 + 5,r +, 8iri+ l,9,l!
Experiment 0: 4ipe 5riction ,n'estigation
1! M,rc:r7 a3,+,r a8 lar
8/10/2019 Thermal-Fluids Lab Report - Group 3
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Pi, Ar,a4 A = 2!$2' X1"-%2
V,lci+74 = / A
Vl Vl Ti,
Bl.
Ra+, V,lci+7
H,a6
L88
H,a6
L88
L< L< :
V
4li+r,8 V 4# +48,c
4 0 1"-
#/ 8 : 4 / 8 H 4 H< 4 H2O
1" "!"1 2!2'2' $!"#$ "!12& 1!'1 "!2# "!"%
1" "!"1 #$! 2!&"2 !21" "!1&& 2!2& "!#% "!&
1" "!"1 ##!% 2!$%1 1"!%%$ "!2%# #! "!%#' 1!"2
1" "!"1 #1!% #!1'& 11!22$ "!2$# #!$% "!%$% 1!"%"
1" "!"1 2 #!$# 12!1& "!#2# !# "! 1!"$&
1" "!"1 2' #!'"#' 1#!" "!## !&& "!&& 1!11'
8/10/2019 Thermal-Fluids Lab Report - Group 3
12/18
(Done By Tin Cheong Eng)
.//
Pi, Gia,+,r4 6 = "!""1'% Pi, Ar,a4 A = 2!"%# X1"-2
V,lci+74 = / A
Vl Vl Ti, Bl.
Ra+,
V,lci+7 H,a6
L88
L< L< :
V 4li+r,8 V 4# +48,c 4 0 1"-#/ 8 : 4 / 8 4 H2O
1" "!"1 21!2 !'1'" 1!&11 "!12% -"!"# 1!22
1" "!"1 1$ %!%%%& 2#!"' "!1'% -"!'%' 1!#&
1" "!"1 1#!$ '!2& #"!12' "!2'% -"!%&1 1!'
1" "!"1 12!# $!1#"1 ##!$"1 "!#2" -"!% 1!%2
1" "!"1 11 !"" #'!'& "!"% -"!## 1!%''
1" "!"1 1"!% !%2#$ #!%% "!" -"!#%' 1!%$
8/10/2019 Thermal-Fluids Lab Report - Group 3
13/18
(Done By Tin Cheong Eng)
./+/
Pi, Gia,+,r4 6 = "!""&
3 = l< / l< :
"!2%$
"!#&'
"!%2
"!%%'
"!%2
"!%
8/10/2019 Thermal-Fluids Lab Report - Group 3
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Pi, Gia,+,r4 6 = "!""1'%
(Done By E!!ie)
./0/
Re = pvd/u
P = li6 6en0ity(1000*0.006*8.038)/0.001 =48228
V = li6 elocity(1000*0.006*13.099)/0.001= 78594
4 = 4ia,eter of pipe(1000*0.0175*1.961)/0.001= 34317.5
> = .?0olte i0co0ity(1000*0.0175*3.960)/0.001= 69300
Tran0itional flo:7 2""" @ Re @ """
Pipe flow is fully turbulent.
(Done By Beng)
Experiment : 7echanical E$ui'alent of Heat
a! Tal, * R,8:l+8
R,9l:+i3 C:3+,r
r,a6i3