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The Renaissance: Five Big Ideas • Renaissance means “rebirth” and that refers to the culture, history and poli>cal beliefs of the Ancient Romans and Greeks being “rediscovered”
• Transi>on from a Catholic Church dominated and fragmented Medieval Europe, to more centralized poli>cal power under secular control.
• Growth of learning outside of the Catholic church • A >me of great ar>s>c achievement = remember the Ninja Turtles: Leonardo, Michelangelo, Donatello and Raphael?
• The growth of the Poli>cal power of Kings, (like Henry VIII) and a reduc>on of the Power of the Pope.
Overview
Where/When?
Primarily in the Italian City States
Would later spread to Northern Europe
1375 -‐ 1527
The Renaissance
What Factors? Why Now?
Italian City States were autonomous =
secular power: Crusades Impact
The Crusades had made ciFes like
Venice very wealthy = $ for the Arts
City States were centers of trade, and powerful families = Medici in Florence
Patrons
Fall of ConstanFnople (1453) lead to
scholars fleeing to Italian City States
A resurgence of interest in Roman and Greek ideas of
learning and ciFzenship
These scholars would bring texts from Ancient Rome
and Greece
Let’s Pause...Here is a key moment...
• The Fall of Constan>nople – 1453... • Might be as important as 1492, and certainly helped to cause Columbus sailing to the “New World.”
• Here is a huge cause and effect in our course. • Let’s start with the loca>on of Constan>nople: • It is at a “crossroads” between Europe, Asia and Africa...
• Access to the Mediterranean from the Black Sea had to pass Constan>nople.
Constan>nople
Constan>nople: • Was the capital of the Byzan>ne Empire (Chris>an) • Was conquered by the Oboman Empire (Muslims) in 1453
• Its loca>on was cri>cal for East/West Trade – spices, silks – valued goods in Europe
• Europeans now needed another route to the Far East – Islam would tax goods to heavily...
• Hence, explorers looked to a route to the “Indies” – and journeyed West...
• This leads us to 1492, and the “discovery” of the “New World?”
The Renaissance = Humanism
Key Facets/CharacterisFcs
Humanism = study of liberal
arts
Humanism = focus on
Mankind outside of a Religious
context
Humanism = importance of man as a ciFzen, and the city-‐state Humanism = the
study of Ancient Greek and Roman texts
Humanism = The glorificaFon of the Human Form = Renaissance
Art!!!
Let’s backtrack... • Remember that in Medieval >mes, the Roman Catholic Church held a virtual monopoly on higher educa>on: Scholas(cism
• Scholas>cism did not encourage learning to develop the individual.
• Literacy was only within the church, and only to read and translate religious texts = La>n
• Ancient Greek and Roman Poli>cal and Historical wri>ngs were suppressed.
• Hence, we can see why Humanism was such a big deal in the Renaissance!!!
The Renaissance
Key People/Groups
Powerful Families like the Medici's of Florence
Renaissance Popes’ like Alexander VI and Julius II
Renaissance ArFsts and Humanists
Da Vinci, Michelangelo,
Raphael, Machiavelli
The Renaissance
Key Events
1508 – 1512: SisFne Chapel/Michelangelo
1512: The Prince by Machiavelli is
Published
1527: Rome is Sacked by Charles V’s
Troops, “ending” the Renaissance
1540: Michelangelo completes “The Last Judgment”
The Renaissance
Impact of this Age
Promotes EducaFon for Individual
Development = HumaniFes
Rise of the Monarchy
Separate from Papal Control
Revival of Ideas like CiFzenship, “Virtu” and Civic
Pride Art changes dramaFcally: Human Form; Mankind at the
center
Promotes a sense of adventure and
exploraFon leading to the New World
The Renaissance
• Regents Thema>c Essay Connected with this topic
Global Hist. & Geo. –June ’04 [12]
Answers to the essay questions are to be written in the separate essay booklet.
In developing your answer to Part II, be sure to keep these general definitions in mind:
(a) describe means “to illustrate something in words or tell about it”(b) explain means “to make plain or understandable; to give reasons for or causes of; to
show the logical development or relationships of ”
Part II
THEMATIC ESSAY QUESTION
Directions: Write a well-organized essay that includes an introduction, several paragraphs addressing the taskbelow, and a conclusion.
Theme: Turning Points
Turning points are major events in history that have led to lasting change.
Task:
Identify two major turning points in global history and for each:• Describe the historical circumstances surrounding the turning point• Explain how each turning point changed the course of history
You may use any example from your study of global history. Some suggestions you mightwish to consider include the Neolithic Revolution, the Crusades, the Renaissance, theEncounter, the French Revolution, the Russian Revolution of 1917, World War I, creation ofthe modern state of Israel, Nelson Mandela elected president of South Africa, and the fall ofthe Berlin Wall.
You are not limited to these suggestions.
Do not use any turning points in United States history.
Guidelines:
In your essay, be sure to• Develop all aspects of the task• Support the theme with relevant facts, examples, and details• Use a logical and clear plan of organization, including an introduction and a
conclusion that are beyond a restatement of the theme
Thema>c Basics:
Turning Points: Renaissance
Circumstances: Why Now?
How it changed history
The Renaissance
• Regents DBQ connected with this topic:
Part III
DOCUMENT-BASED QUESTION
This question is based on the accompanying documents. The question is designed to test yourability to work with historical documents. Some of these documents have been edited for thepurposes of this question. As you analyze the documents, take into account the source of eachdocument and any point of view that may be presented in the document.
Historical Context:
Throughout history, individuals have made major contributions to the world. Theirachievements have had an impact on global history. Three of these individuals areLeonardo da Vinci, Toussaint L’Ouverture, and Mohandas Gandhi.
Task: Using the information from the documents and your knowledge of global history,answer the questions that follow each document in Part A. Your answers to thequestions will help you write the Part B essay in which you will be asked to
Select two individuals mentioned in the historical context and for each• Describe the historical period during which the individual lived• Describe a major achievement of this individual• Discuss the impact of this achievement on global history
In developing your answers to Part III, be sure to keep these general definitions in mind:
(a) describe means “to illustrate something in words or tell about it”(b) discuss means “to make observations about something using facts, reasoning, and
argument; to present in some detail”
NAME SCHOOL
Global Hist. & Geo.–Jan. ’09 [10]
DBQ Basics:
Individuals/ContribuFon/Da
Vinci
Period When the lived/
Achievements
Impact
Global Hist. & Geo.–Jan. ’09 [13] [OVER]
Document 3
. . . It was as an artist that Leonardo attempted the fusion of anatomy with medical sciencethrough [the scientist] della Torre. This attempt was itself a great peak reached from those firstmodest beginnings of anatomy in the botegas [works] of Pollaiuolo and Verrocchio. Therenaissance of anatomy could never have occurred without those long, distasteful hours ofadventurous dissection and patient drawing. Without this artistic surge for knowledge themedical professors of anatomy, droning [speaking] their prosings [thoughts] from a taintedGalenic text [medical book written by Galen], could never have found a way of recording Galenicanatomical errors, let alone their corrections. . . .
Source: Kenneth D. Keele, “Leonardo daVinci’s Influence on Renaissance Anatomy,”Medical History, October 1964
3 What are two impacts of Leonardo da Vinci’s work according to Kenneth Keele? [2]
(1) __________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
(2) __________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Score
Score
The Renaissance: Mul>ple Choice
Ques>on Breakdown:
• Trigger Word = Commercial Revolu3on – Def. = Growth of Capitalism as a result of trade
• A? Out...manorial system = agriculture • C? Out...Catholic Church was not a Commercial enterprise
• D? Out...Europe had not colonized yet • B? Bingo...Capitalism develops...that is why it is revolu>onary!!!
The Renaissance
Ques>on Breakdown:
• B? No...Absolu>sm did not exist as of yet... • C? No...Religious salva>on is the focus on the Church.
• D? No...Technological advancement? No exactly...they were more men of lebers...
• A? Yes...Individualism was the very defini>on of Humanism..
The Renaissance
Ques>on Breakdown:
• B: No...Suffrage (the right to vote) is preby much non existent in this course
• C: No...Literature would be in La>n, or more and more in Italian
• D: No...They throw Greek and La>n to fool you. Humanists embraced them; they did not reject them.
• A? Yes...Remember that Secular = earthly = non-‐religious. Humanity = Humanism
The Renaissance
Ques>on Breakdown:
• B? No...Machiavelli had very lible faith in the “general public”
• C? No...Pleasing all the people? When has that ever been a possibility?
• D? No...Common good? Machiavelli wanted the Prince to do whatever worked...no what is best for all...
• A? Yes...You must always associate “the ends” with whatever is necessary to maintain power.
The Renaissance
Ques>on Breakdown
• B? No...Art? Yes! But increased Religious themes? No...increased secular themes
• C? No...we do not see na>onalism as of yet.. • D? No...Feudalism, as we know, already existed, and was declining...
• A? Yes...Secular power increased, meaning the church’s power was decreasing...
