Slide 1

There are videos and animations in this presentation. It is designed to be viewed in slideshow mode using the arrow keys to advance through the slides. ACCOMMODATIVE MOVEMENTS OF THE VITREOUS MEMBRANE, CHOROID, AND SCLERA IN YOUNG AND PRESBYOPIC HUMAN AND NONHUMAN PRIMATE EYES MARY ANN CROFT, T. MICHAEL NORK, JARED P. MCDONALD, ALEXANDER KATZ, ELKE LTJEN-DRECOLL, AND PAUL L. KAUFMAN Reader: View the following videos in Slide Show mode. Select Slide Show tab at the top of the screen. Then select From Beginning.

Slide 2

Video Clip #1. When the stimulus indicator (CH. 00) on the lower left of the screen turns from 00 to 11 the stimulus to the Edinger-Westphal nucleus is turned on and accommodation is induced for ~2.2 seconds. Note how the anterior hyaloid bows backward during accommodation. stimulus indicator anterior hyaloid vitreous zonule vitreous membrane lens equator cornea Press down arrow key on your keyboard to play video

Slide 3

Video Clip #2. When the stimulus indicator (CH. 00) on the lower left of the screen turns from 00 to 11 the stimulus to the Edinger-Westphal nucleus is turned on and accommodation is induced for ~2.2 seconds. Note how the anterior hyaloid bows backward during accommodation, and how the Triesence particles in the anterior chamber angle flow around the lens equator toward vitreous compartment. CM=ciliary muscle. lens equator cornea CM stimulus indicator anterior hyaloid vitreous zonule Press down arrow key on your keyboard to play video

Slide 4

stimulus indicator cornea Video Clip #3. When the stimulus indicator (CH. 00) on the lower left of the screen turns from 00 to 11 the stimulus to the Edinger-Westphal nucleus is turned on and accommodation is induced for ~2.2 seconds. Note how the anterior hyaloid bows backward during accommodation in parallel with accommodative lens thickening. anterior lens surface posterior lens surface anterior hyaloid Press down arrow key on your keyboard to play video

Slide 5

Video Clip #4. Endoscopy in a 19-year-old rhesus monkey eye showing backward movement of the anterior hyaloid membrane during accommodation. Note anterior hyaloid configuration bowing toward the lens and pars plicata in the resting state, whereas in the accommodated state the anterior hyaloid bows in a posterior direction. anterior hyaloid pars plicata lens zonule pars plana Press down arrow key on your keyboard to play video

Slide 6

vitreous zonule insertion zone Triesence particles suspended in the vitreous Video Clip #5. When the stimulus indicator (CH. 00) on the lower left of the screen turns from 00 to 11 the stimulus to the Edinger-Westphal nucleus is turned on and accommodation is induced for ~2.2 seconds. Triesence particles suspended in the vitreous compartment are seen to move forward along with the vitreous zonule during accommodation. Press down arrow key on your keyboard to play video

Slide 7

Video Clip #6. Ultrasound biomicroscopy images taken in two rhesus monkeys aged 8 (left panel) and 25 (right panel) years. The width of the cleft between the anterior hyaloid and the pars plicata region is reduced with age. During accommodation, the anterior hyaloid curves posteriorly, and the width of the cleft increases. The portion of the vitreous membrane that is adjacent to and interconnected with the vitreous zonule [Ltjen-Drecoll et al. 2010] 18 is also pulled forward with the vitreous zonule, in parallel with the curvature of the eye as the muscle contracts during accommodation. Young (age 8) Older (age 25) Monkey anterior hyaloid vitreous membrane anterior hyaloid vitreous zonule lens equator vitreous zonule Press down arrow key on your keyboard to play video

Slide 8

Video Clip #7. The choroid/retina moves forward during accommodation. CM=ciliary muscle. CPs=ciliary processes. choroid/retina vitreous zonule lens equator cornea CM CPs Press down arrow key on your keyboard to play video