Theory of Atom Atom

Atom is the smallest part of element John Dalton Theory1. Each elements consist a small particles which is called atom2. Atoms of each element have a same of

characteristic, size and mass 3. Compound is a substance that consist of

more than one atom.4. Chemical reaction is not change the

characteristic of atom, but only change the composition only.

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Rutherford Theory“Mass of atom center in nucleus, which have a positive charge”

Nucleus

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- Niels Bohr TheoryAtom have a central nucleus made up of protons and neutrons. And electrons move around the nucleus.

THE INVENTOR OF PARTICLE SUB ATOMIC J.J Thomson, 1897 -----> electron Ernest Rutherford, 1911 ----> proton James Chadwick, 1932 ----> neutron

PARTICLE SUB ATOMIC

+

-

-

+

Figure : Model Atom

-

+

Electron ( negative charge)

Proton (positive charge)

Neutron ( neutral/ have no charge)

Electron symbol ( e )Proton symbol ( p )Neutron symbol ( n )

Mass And The Charge of Sub Atomic ParticleNo

Particle Mass Charge

1 Proton 1 +1

2 Neutron 1 0

3 Electron 0 -1

Catatan : Massa adalah dalam satuan massa atom (sma)

Massa elektron sangat kecil, sehing ga massanya = 0 sma

THE MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER

WRITE THE SYMBOL OF ATOM

xA

Z X = Name of Atom/Chemical SymbolA = Atomic NumberZ = Mass Number

Atomic Number shows the number of protons or electrons in its atom.

Mass number shows the total number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus.

Na11

23 Name of Atom Natrium/ SodiumNumber of Protons = 11Number of Electron = 11Number of Neutron = 23-11 = 12

REMEMBER! Mass Number = Protons + Neutrons

Cl17

35 Name of Atom is chlorNumber of Proton = 17Number of Electron = 17Number of Neutron = 35 – 17 = 18

Configuration of Electron

+-

-

Skin 1 (2 electron)

Skin 2 (8 electron)

Skin 3 (18 electron)

Skin 4 (32 electron)

Example : Atom Natrium (Na), Number of

electron 11.

+

11p 12n

2 e

8 e

1 e

11 electron

Example : Atom Khlorin (Cl), Number of electron 17.

+

17p 17n

2 e

8 e

7 e

17 elektron

Theory of Ion

+

-

-

+Electron outside leave atomAtom become the positive chargeThis state is called ION POSITIVE (KATION)

+

-

-

+-

Atom get electron from outsideAtom become the negative chargeThis state is called ION NEGATIVE (ANION)

1e

11p

8e

2e

Atom Natrium have 11 electron with configuration :Skin 1 Skin 2 Skin 32e 8e 1e

1e outside will be discharge, so that formed Ion Na+

Ionisasi atom Natrium (Na)

Ionisasi atom Khlorin (Cl)

7e

11p

8e

2e

Atom Chlorin have 17 electron with configuration :Skin1 Skin 2 Skin 32e 8e 7e

Outside orbit of electron catch electron from other, so that formed of ion Cl ¯

1e

Molecule of element and Molecule of compound Molecule of Element

A molecule that is composed of similar atoms.

Molecule of Compound A molecule is composed of different

atoms.

Molecule of element

Molecule of Compound

Molecule

Element

Compound

Monoatomic Element( He, S, Fe, Ca, dll)

Diatomic Element(O2, N2, H2, dll)

Poliatomic Element

(O3, P4

Diatomic Compound(NaCl, HCl, KCl, HBr, dll)

Poliatomic Compound

(H2SO4, NaOH,C6H12O6)

Isotopes, isobar, dan IsotonThe atoms of an element are not all alike.

Some have more neutrons than others. These different versions of the element are called isotopes.

Lithium have two isotopes with mass number 6 and 7.

The symbol of Lithium :Li-6 or Li-7

Isotop, isobar, dan IsotonIsotopes

Isotopes have different mass numbers but the same atomic number.Example :

He2

3

He2

4

and

IsobarIsobar have different atomic number but the same mass number.Example :

C6

14

N7

14and

IsotonIsoton have different both atomic number and mass number but the same amount of neutrons. Example :

C6

13N7

14and