Theory of Absolutism Rulers with complete power! Rulers with complete power! Control every aspect of life. ABSOLUTE MONARCH ABSOLUTE MONARCH DIVINE RIGHT God created the Monarchy. God created the Monarchy. Monarch acted as Gods Representative. Monarch acted as Gods Representative. Answered only to God! Answered only to God! Growing Power of Europes Monarchs Decline of Feudalism Decline of Feudalism Rise of Cities Rise of Cities Growing Middle Class Growing Middle Class Supported the monarch Decline in churches authority. Decline in churches authority. Used colonial wealth to pay for projects. Used colonial wealth to pay for projects. Crises Lead to Absolutism 17 th Century: Time of Upheaval!! 17 th Century: Time of Upheaval!! Religious & Territorial Monarchs Impose Order Increase power: Increase power: Worship Social gatherings Large armies Heavy Taxes Created bureaucracies to control economy Decrease power of nobles & Parliament Artwork Las Meninas Toledo El Greco Toledo El Greco Morales Mater Dolorosa Morales Mater Dolorosa Don Quixote Honore Daumier Peace of Augsburg Temporary truce of religious conflict. Temporary truce of religious conflict. German states German states Lutherans/Catholics vs. Calvinist Lutherans/Catholics vs. Calvinist Spanish Empire Spanish WORLD Empire Philip II Empire circled the globe. Empire circled the globe. Defender of Catholicism Defender of Catholicism Reconquista & Inquisition Reconquista & Inquisition Defeat Ottoman Empire Defeat Ottoman Empire 1571 Pope calls on all Catholic princes to take up arms against the Ottomans. Pope calls on all Catholic princes to take up arms against the Ottomans. Spanish Armada: 1588 Spanish Armada: 1588 Philip II Queen Elizabeth I SPANISH ARMADA Spanish Equipment 125 130 ships 125 130 ships 1,100 guns 1,100 guns 27,000 soldiers/sailors 27,000 soldiers/sailors Spanish Techniques More soldiers More soldiers Close with the British Close with the British Grapple Board ship Kill & take over ship English Equipment 120 ships 120 ships 20 were real fighting ships. 1,500 guns 1,500 guns 16,000 soldiers 16,000 soldiers English Techniques Stay at a distance. Stay at a distance. Fire from a distance Fire from a distance Concentrate on Armadas weak crescent formation. Concentrate on Armadas weak crescent formation. British Victory!! Spains Glory Literature: Literature: Don Quixote: Don Quixote: Miguel de Cervantes Poor nobleman who chases after windmills. Birth of Modern Novel Birth of Modern Novel Spanish Empire Weakens Inflation weakens economy. Inflation weakens economy. Philip declares bankruptcy 3 times. Buys goods abroad. Taxes on lower class prevents development of middle class. Taxes on lower class prevents development of middle class. The Dutch Revolt Prosperous middle class. Prosperous middle class. Calvinist Calvinist 1579: 1579: People united in the Netherlands 7 Northern Provinces Declared Independence UNITED PROVINCES OF THE NETHERLANDS UNITED PROVINCES OF THE NETHERLANDS Dutch Prosper Government: Government: Republic Each province had an elected governor Religious Tolerance Trading Empire Trading Empire Dutch East India Company Dutch replaced the Italian as the bankers of Europe