Theory

Hypothesis

Falsificationwhich is the act of disproving a hypothesis or

theory

Independent variable A variable thought to be the cause of some effect. In

experimental research it is a variable that the experimenter has manipulated

Dependent variable A variable thought to be affected by changes in an IV

Predictor variable: A variable thought to predict an outcome variable. Alternate

term for independent variable

Outcome variable: A variable thought to change as a function of changes in a

predictor variable. Synonymous with ‘dependent variable’

Measurement error

Research EthicsInformed consentConfidentialitySafety

Practical IssuesRapportSensitive information Handling identificationData storage

correlational or cross-sectional research where we observe what naturally goes on in

the world without directly interfering with it

experimental research where we manipulate one variable to see its effect on

another Tertium quid (confounding variables): A third person or

thing of indeterminate character

What to use and why?Comparing instruments

ReliabilityValidity Sensitivity vs. specificity

Translation and cultural adaptationHandling Demographic

As study variablesAs confounding