Theories of Work Motivation

Work Motivation

Work motivation is a process to energize employee to the work goal  through a specific path. 

The process theories :-

1.) Vroom’s Expectancy Theory Also known as VIE Theory According to this theory, an employee will

work smarter and/or harder if he believes his additional efforts will lead to valued rewards.

VIE Theory

Valence refers to the emotional orientations people hold with respect to outcomes [rewards].

Instrumentality: The perception of employees whether they will actually get what they desire even if it has been promised by a manager.

Expectancy: Employees have different expectations and levels of confidence about what they are capable of doing.

Motivation = ValanceXExpectancyX(Instrumentality)

Expectancy Theory

Perceived effort

Probability of reward

Value of reward

Effort

Role perceptions

Abilities &

Traits

Performance

Extrinsic Rewards

Intrinsic Rewards

Perceived EquitableRewards

Satisfaction

2.) Porter Lawler Model

Tried to explore the complex relationship between motivation, satisfaction and performance and pointed out the efforts put in by an employee did not directly result in performance.

It can be considered as the extended version of vroom’s theory.

Performance is dependent on: Employee desire to perform Ability and skills Clear perception of role

Important variables: Effort Performance Rewards Satisfation

The Contemporary Theories:-

1.) Equity Theory

The degree of equity or inequity perceived by an employee with reference to his work situation plays a major role in work performance and satisfaction.

EQUITY:

Person’s outcome = other’s outcome

person’s inputs other’ inputs

Attribution Theory

It identifies attributions made by people as the basis for their motivation.

Attribution theory is concerned with how individual interpret events and how this is related to their thinking and behavior.

This theory describes how people explain, justify, and/or provide excuses about influences on their motivation.

By:- Mansi Khurana