H. IBRAHIM KARA

The Middle East

what is your first picture in your mind about middle east?

Islam

The Islam religion was founded by Prophet

Mohammed in the seventh century. In 622 he

founded the first Islamic state, a theocracy in

Medina, a city in western Saudi Arabia located

north of Mecca. This is the place where

muslims go to pilgrimage (hadj)

Muslim World

• Today there are nearly 65 states or countries with significant or majority populations who are Muslim. They include some of the largest nations in the world in terms of population, such as Indonesia, Nigeria, and Pakistan. Others are small countries like Qatar, Bahrain. Many are secular republics such as Indonesia, or monarchies such as Saudi Arabia, or so-called “Islamic states” such as Iran. Some are democracies, such as Malaysia and Turkey . No majority Muslim state exists in Europe or the Americas. In almost all of those states where a majority of the population is Muslim, a belief in Islam serves as a common bonding among diverse inhabitants in politics and life. It is a source of faith and a significant foundation of social identity and community relations. Almost all of these Muslim states are also developing nations that have only recently emerged from European colonialism.

At this moment Muslim population stands at 1.7 billion

• Indonesia 203 million• Pakistan 174 million• India 161 million• Bangladesh 145 million• Egypt 79 million• Nigeria 78 million• Iran 74 million• Turkey 74 million• Algeria 34 million• Morocco 32 million

• Iraq 30 million• Sudan 30 million• Afghanistan 28 million• Ethiopia 28 million• Uzbekistan 26 million• Saudi Arabia25 million• Yemen 23 million• China 22 million• Syria 20 million• Russia 16 million

.

The majority of the world’s billion Muslims are Sunnis. Approximately 10 to 15 percent of all Muslims follow the Shiite branch (pronounced Shi‘ite, Shi‘a or Shia). Beyond that, it gets slightly complicated: Who lives where, and why the differences and conflicts between them? The answer is less daunting than it seems.

Sunnis form the overwhelming majority in countries such as Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Yemen, Pakistan, Indonesia, Turkey, Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia. Shiites form the majority only in Iran, Iraq, Bahrain, and Azerbaijan, but they constitute sizable minorities in Afghanistan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Yemen.

Question: What's the Difference Between Shia and Sunni Muslims?• Answer: Both Sunni and Shia Muslims share the

most fundamental Islamic beliefs and articles of faith. The differences between these two main sub-groups within Islam initially stemmed not from spiritual differences, but political ones. Over the centuries, however, these political differences have spawned a number of varying practices and positions which have come to carry a spiritual significance. At heart, Sunnis and Shiites are like Catholics and Protestants in the commonality of some fundamental beliefs.

The Middle East

• Where is middle east?• The countries in the middle east.• What is the problem in the middle east?• Secret players in the middle east.

The Middle East

The Middle East

The Middle East

The Middle East

Generally, the Middle East is a region that encompasses Western Asia part of Northern

Africa.

The Middle East is today home to numerous long

established Ethnic groups.

Ethnic Groups

• Turkish• Araps• Kurdish• Jewish• Armenian• Christian • Greek

• Sunni• Shia

Economy of the Middle East

The Economy of the Middle East is very diverse. Composed of Bahrain, Cyprus, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, the Palestinian Territories, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen the individual economies range from oil-exporting economies to government led socialist economies to free market economies.

Collectively, the Middle East is best known for producing and exporting oil

and natural gas.

Saudi Arabia holds 20% of the world’s oil reserves, Iraq comes in second with 18%. Qatar holds 14% of the world’s natural gas reserves.

Feature of some important countries in the middle east…

The Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan

The Foreing Minester Ahmet Davutoglu

Turkey

The Ottoman Empire(1299–1923)

IstanbulThe only city in the world sitting on two continents,

Europe and Asia

Brief Facts about Turkey75 Million Population, 98% MuslimsParliamentary Form of Government.

2nd Biggest Standing Armed Force in NATO after the U.S.Biggest Armed Forces in the Middle East.

15th Largest Economy in the World.Biggest Economy In the Middle East.

Biggest Manufacturer of Electronics in Europe.4th Biggest Shipbuilder in the World.

The 2ND fastest growing economy in the World after China.The world's largest producer of hazelnut,

cherry, fig, apricot, and pomegranate.The World’s 2nd Largest Construction Industry after China.

Iran

• Population: 70,049,262 in 2006 the Census• 89% Shia; 10% Sunnis• The economy of Iran is the 17th largest in the world.• Most of the Iran’s exports are Oil and Gas• Main Industries: Petroleum, Petrochemical.

Fertilizers, Caustic Soda, Car Manufacture, Home Appliances, Electronics, Telecom, Energy, Power, Textiles, Construction, cement, food processing, metal Fabrication armaments

Iraq

• Government: Federal Parliamentary Republic• Population: 31,129,225 as of 2011• Kurt, Arap, Turkmen• 60-65% Shia and 32-37% Sunnie• The Iraqi economy is highly dependent on oil.

Iraq was one of the founding members of OPEC.

Syria

• Population: 22,530,746 as of July 2012• Government: Unitary Semi-Presidential

Constitutional Republic• 74% Sunni (Arabs, Kurds, Circassians and

Turkomans; 13% Alawi and Shia; 10% Christians; 3% Druze

• Main Industries: Petroleum, Textiles, Food Processing, Beverages, Tobacco, Phosphate Rock mining, Cement, Oil Seeds Crushing, Car Assembly

Egypt

• Government: Semi-Presidential Republic• Population: 90 million as of 2012• 90% Muslim (Mostly Sunni); 105 Christians;

<0.003% Bahá‘í; <200 Judaism members • Main Industries: Textiles, Food Processing,

Tourism, Chemicals, Pharmaceuticals, Hydrocarbons, Construction, Cement, Metals, Light Manufactures

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

• Population: 28,376,355 as of 2010• Government: Unitary Islamic Absolute

Monarchy• 16% Shia (Alawites); 74% Sunni• Economy: Has the world’s 2nd largest oil

reserve; oil accounts for more than 95% of exports and 70% of Government Revenue; Has the world’s 6th largest natural gas reserves.

Israel

• Government: Unitary Parliamentary Constitutional Republic

• Population: 7,900,600 as of 2012

• Main Industries: High-technology products (including aviation, communications, computer-aided design and manufacturing, medical electronics, fiber optics, wood and paper products, potash and phosphates, food, beverages, and tobacco, caustic soda, cement, construction, metals, products, chemical products, plastics, diamond cutting, textiles, footwear

Conflict in the Middle EastEast

What is going on there?

• War To Become Super Power• Rebellion and Conflict• The Threat of Nuclear Energy• Transition to Freedom and Democracy• Normalization and Democratization • Giving Struggle for human right• Supervision to Gas and Petrol

Problems in the Middle East Given the vast energy resources that

form the backbone of western economies, influence and involvement

in the Middle East has been of paramount importance for the former

and current imperial and super powers, including France, Britain, USA

and the former Soviet Union.

US interest on Iraq

• U.S. oil reserves (at current production levels) would only last only a decade if the U.S. was cut off from all other oil sources.

• Iraqi oil reserves (at their current use levels) would last about 526 years.

• Iraq has a reserve of about 112 billion barrels of oil.

Chinese Interest with regard to Iran

• China’s drive to establish itself as an alternative to American power.

• Iran’s importance to China’s energy security.• China’s desire to have positive relations with

all major actors in the Middle East.• China’s desire to weaken the United States’

military dominance in the region

Chinese Interest with regard to Syria

• China ranked as Syria's third-largest importer in 2010.

• China sees Syria as an important trading hub

• GAS AND PETROL Syria recently finalized 1 billion oil refinery project with China’s major oil player the China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC).

Supporters of Syria's president wave Russian, Chinese and Syrian flags during a pro-regime rally in central Damascus.

Russia’s interest to Syria

• Russia is one of Syria's biggest arms suppliers.• Russia supplies the following to Syria:1. surface to air missiles2. armoured rocket systems3. Mig fighter jets.

What is the biggiest problem in the middle east?

There is only one problem in the middle east that is approaching or thinking of the israil government…

oy"ANYONE WHO REBELS AGAINST YOU AND DOES NOT LISTEN TO YOUR COMMAND

SHALL PERISH; ONLY STRENGTHEN AND FORTIFY YOURSELF.“ TORAH 16-18

Middle East Chess

Usa - Queen

Israil - King

RussiaChina

IraqCyprus Lebanon…

IranSyria…

Turkey

BishopsKnightsRooks andPaivns

.

Conclusion

There is a big conflict in the Middle East because of;

Lack of Democracy Oil and Gas Self- Selfish Policy The Muslims misunderstand each other Income inequality Injustice Queens and Kings

“Filler dovusur cimler ezilir…”

“Elephants fight, meadow crushed ...”

Prof. Dr. Ahmet Davutoglu

Thanks You…