THEME ONE: IDEAS AND INSPIRATIONS

UNIT ONE: THE RENASSIANCE

DEFINITIONS

Word DefinitionRenaissanceurban societysecularmercenariesdowryhumanismvernacular

Directions: Using the glossary in the back of your book define the following terms in one sentence or less.

LOOKING BACK Middle Ages- A period of time from 300-1500• Ruled by Kings, Lords, and the Church• Very few were educated• Disease (Black Death) killed 1/3 of Europe• The poor (peasants and serfs) could not improve their life in any way!

But then…..

NO PROGRESS WAS MADE!

…The Renaissance!Renaissance- Rebirth or looking back to Roman and Greek ideas and ways of life.• It started in Italy• An emphasis on learning and education!

WHY DID IT START IN ITALY?• No single ruler or king. The cities governed themselves and used mercenaries for

defense! 1. Milan 2. Venice 3. Florence• Urban Society• Secular• Trade flourished in the cities.

INFLUENCIAL PEOPLE AND ITALIAN WARS

• Lorenzo de’ Medici- Helped Florence become a cultural center.

• Francesco Sforza- Created a strong government in Milan.

• Italian Wars: 1. 1527 2. France invades Italy with 30,000 soldiers 3. The Italian cities ask Spain to help them 4. The Italian cities never pay the Spanish soldiers!!!!!

RESULT:Spanish soldiers invade the cities and Spain has a heavy influence in Italy.

Lorenzo de’ Medici was very influential in supporting the arts and education during the Renaissance.

RENAISSANCE SOCIETY• Social Classes 1. Nobility - Wealthy - Govern

2. Clergy 3. Peasants and Townspeople - 85-90% of the population - Working Class - Lived a difficult life

• Family and Marriage 1. Family - Father Head of the house hold Managed Finances Told children when they were adults

- Mother Supervise and take care of the home

2. Marriage - Often arranged!!!!! - Dowry

What did the Book of Courtier say about nobles? Compare it to the

nobility of the Middle Ages. Was it the same of different? Explain your

answer Why do you think marriages were arranged?

RENAISSANCE ART

• Fresco- A painting done on wet plaster with water based paints

Focused upon:• Three- dimensional style• Perspective• Light• Movement• Human Anatomy (nudes)

An example of a fresco is the Sistine Chapel

Donatello’s David, is an example of the style Renaissance sculptors sought to create.

Artist Work StyleLeonardo da Vinci The Last Supper

Leonardo da Vinci Mona Lisa

Donatello David in Florence

Brunelleschi Cupola of the Florence Cathedral

Raphael The School of Athens

Michelangelo David

Michelangelo Sistine Chapel

Michelangelo Madonna

Van Eyck Giavanni Arnolfini & His Bride

RENAISSANCEEDUCATION

Humanism- Study of the classics

• Petrarch- He was the leader of Humanism during the Renaissance

• Liberal Studies- Studying a variety subjects What subjects were studied?

• Few women were formally educated• Christine de Pizan- Women should be and have the

ability to learn.

Petrarch

The term classics refers to which two civilizations?

Rome & Greece

HistoryMoral Philosophy

RhetoricLettersPoetry

MathematicsAstronomy

MusicPhysical Education

RENAISSANCE LITERATURE

Works were written in the vernacular. Authors and works• Machiavelli- The Prince A book on how rulers should rule.• Cicero• Virgil- The Aneid• Dante- The Devine Comedy• Chaucer- The Canterbury Tales

The Prince, written by Machiavelli, stated that evil acts were necessary to do govern.