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Thematic Areas Agenda 2020 Nanotechnology Work Group Dan Coughlin; Sappi Fine Paper Ted Wegner; USDA Forest Products Lab Phil Jones: Imerys. Moving Nanotechnology Forward in the Forest Products Sector-continued. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Thematic Areas
Agenda 2020Nanotechnology Work GroupDan Coughlin; Sappi Fine PaperTed Wegner; USDA Forest Products LabPhil Jones: Imerys
Moving Nanotechnology Forward in the Forest Products Sector-continued
• Key Linkages-AF&PA Agenda 2020(Industry)/ Universities with emphases on nanomaterials and nanobiotechnology/ National Nanotechnology Initiative
National Nanotechnology Initiative – National Nanotechnology Initiative – CBAN ActivitiesCBAN Activities
((Consultative Board For Advancing Nanotechnology)Consultative Board For Advancing Nanotechnology)
• CBAN Charter Approved by NNI & AF&PA Agenda 2020
• Federal Agencies co-signing– USDA Forest Service– USDA CSREES– NIST– EPA– OSTP/NSET
National Nanotechnology Initiative – National Nanotechnology Initiative – CBAN ActivitiesCBAN Activities
• CBAN Meeting February 21, 2007 – Six Nano-Focus Areas Discussed – Short term NIST-MEP activities & other
Agency activities discussed– Translation of Six Focus Area goals into
Underlying science Grand Challenges• Agenda 2020/Federal agency/University Wizards
workshop
Actions from CBAN Meeting• MEP- short term opportunities
– Ted Maher– Elliot Levine DOE/EERE/IPP– Rick Brenner USDA / ARS / OTT– World Nieh FS
• Wizard’s Workshop - Technology translation• Anne Chaka NIST• Ted Wegner FS• Dan Pitkin NIST• Clara Asmail NIST OTP• Rick Brenner USDA ARS OTT
• Specific Opportunities– Industrial Fluids Consortium Anne Chaka NIST– SBIR Offices
• Nora Savage EPA• Charles Cleland USDA CSREES SBIR• Elliott Levine DOE• Ed Rios - TMS/DOE-ITP• James Rudd NSF
• Land Grant Colleges through CSREES, ARS, BBCC– Honda Chen USDA– Ted Wegner FS
Task Group Program of Work: Task Group Program of Work: Roadmap extensionRoadmap extension
Six Nano-Focus Areas identifiedSix Nano-Focus Areas identified Focus Area 1: Improve strength weight performance
-40% fewer materials for same performance-60# performance with 45# CWF-Mechanical (bonding ) and optical performances
Focus Area 2: Forest Nanomaterials-Liberation and use of nano-cellulose-Other nanomaterials from bio-resource-Non covalent disassembly/reassembly nano-fractionalization and nano-catalysis for separations;-Entropic effects in the assembly and disassembly of nanomaterials in forestry
Focus Area 3 : Understanding the control of water-lignocellulose interaction for modification of properties-Water removal and in the end product
-Energy cost of water, fiber swell in the presence of water-Control and manipulation of hydrogen bonding (7 types)-Control of mechanosorptive behavior -Water repelling, barriers-Control of degradation-Control/modification of surface chemistry
Six Nano-Focus AreasSix Nano-Focus Areas
Focus Area 4: Inorganic-organic nanocomposites nanoscale surface modification
- Paper, MDF, OSB are all composite materials-Compatibilization of hydrophilic/hydrophobic materials-Interactions at nano-scale
Focus Area 5:- Photonics and Electronic/Piezo properties-100 % Opacity
Focus Area 6: -Modifications for energy efficiency : Process related-Low temperature nano-catalysis with nanomaterials in pulping and other chemical reactions with wood and fiber-Nanoscale mixing of chemicals with fiber-Water removal in pressing and drying-Structural materials with lower corrosion rates-Nano pores in felts for water removal-Low corrosion materials
Preparing draft write-ups (5 – 8 pages)Preparing draft write-ups (5 – 8 pages)
Driver: Agenda 2020 Breakthrough manufacturing technologyneeds –
1. ”Sheet property development using less energy andmaterials; Increased Filler: Sustainable Pigments”
2. A nano scale technology solution that providessufficient enhancement of fiber network strength toallow reduction of material use in paper and board byat least 40%,
Focus Area #1 Improved Strength / Weight Performance
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
68
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
YEAR
Basi
s W
t gs
mDematerializationUS #5 coated paper grades
Source RISI 2005
Source, Faust, Time Inc 2006
Time Magazine Paper Usage
47
48
49
50
51
52
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
YEAR
Basi
s W
eigh
t gs
m
Bio-mimetic Processes Leveraging Bio-Technology:Photonics
Source: Belcher et al 1999
Source: Busch & John 2000
Light interacts with features similar in size with its wavelength
Photonics Developing New Materials to interact with Light in PreciseWays
Source Sambles 2001
InverseOpal
At approx 30 nm thickness plates have close to theoretical strength
crystal defects have little effect
Source: Belcher et al 1999
Source Gao, Fratzl et al PNAS 2003
h*= 2Em
2th
h*= critical length scale
h is mineral plate thickness
h*= 30nm
From Griffith Crack theory
Source Aizenberg et al, Science 2005
Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM)
Scanning tunneling microscopes allow surfaces to be imaged at the atomic-scaleSchematic of the
scanning tunneling microscope
Atomic resolution image of Si{111}7x7
Lateral Resolution
Unit cell marked – 0.535 nm
RR9007/1 Atomic Force Measurementof Kaolin Coated Papers
Digital Instruments ~ $150k Pacific Nanotechnology - $65k
Resolution limited to a few nm by vibration
SDS on PCCTopography0.19 um image0.18 nm pixels
Phase delaybetween drive andoscillation,damped by energy transfer,Van der Waals?
Molecular Manipulation
Measuring Strength of Molecules
Source McNeal & Nanko & 2003
Nano-Fibrils
Nano-Dimensions:Coating Clay
100 nm
After Hubbe 2006
After Hubbe 2006
After Hubbe 2006
After Hubbe 2006
E2 d23 E1(d3+d2
3) 12 12
Stiffness, S = +
d1
d1
dd2
E2
E1
E1
E is elastic modulus
E for regular coating 0.6 GN/m2
E for “Contour” coating 2 GN/ m2
High strength coatings have a dramatic effect on stiffness
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
0 20 40 60 80 100% kaolin
Te
ns
ile
str
en
gth
M P
aClay D
Clay E
Blends of clay with GCCBlends of clay with GCC
Fine platey kaolin(E)
Fine blocky kaolin(D)
• Significant strength benefit from fine platey clay, even at low levels of addition
= 4 pph latex
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.20
0.22
0.24
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Coat weight gm -2
Rig
idit
y, m
N.m
Clay A Clay C
Blocky clay (A)
Platey clay(C)
Rigidity of LWC papers coated with blocky and Rigidity of LWC papers coated with blocky and platey claysplatey clays
• Enhanced stiffness from platey clay coating• Correlates with tensile results
Focus Area #5 Photonic and Electronic Effects
Optical Effects:
Photonics
Bio-mimetic Processes Leveraging Bio-Technology:Photonics
Source: Belcher et al 1999
Source: Busch & John 2000
Light interacts with features similar in size with its wavelength
Photonics Developing New Materials to interact with Light in PreciseWays
Source Sambles 2001
InverseOpal
Optical efficiency
– Beetle outperforms mineral coating layers at same coat weight
– Requires twice the thickness of PCC to match beetle's optical performance
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Coat thickness (micron)
Bri
gh
tne
ss (
D6
5)
UK clayGCCPCCBeetle
Electronic Effects:
Piezo……...