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5/25/18
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The Wonderful World of Insects
James A. BethkeNursery and Floriculture Farm Advisor
University of California Cooperative Extension
Taxonomy
The Insects
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Animal KingdomInvertebrates (Phyla)1. Porifera - sponges2. Cnidaria - jellyfish, corals3. Platyhelminthes - flatworms, flukes, and tapeworms4. Nemata - roundworms, Trichina, filaria5. Mollusca - snails, slugs, clams, and oysters6. Echinodermata - starfish, sea cucumbers; sea urchin7. Annelida - segmented worms, leeches, earthworms8. Arthropoda - insects, spiders, crayfish, millipedes
Vertebrates (Phylum)9. Chordata - fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals
Phylum ArthropodaArthropoda (Classes)
insects, spiders, crayfish, millipedes
body composed of ring like segments, jointed appendages, exoskeleton, bilateral symmetry, ventral nerve cord, dorsal heart.
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ClassificationClassification of the common housefly:
Kingdom AnimalPhylum ArthropodaClass InsectaSubclass PterygotaDivision EndopterygotaOrder DipteraFamily MuscidaeGenus MuscaSpecies domesticaAuthor (Linnaeus)
Scientific name = Musca domestica (L.)
What Makes a Bug a Bug?Three very important characteristics separate insects from all other arthropods and animals.
Six legs
Three body parts
Wings
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Mimic
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PART IIThe Insects
Insects (Class Insecta) are a major group ofarthropods and the most diverse group ofanimals on the Earth, with over a milliondescribed species—more than double thenumber of all other living organismscombined.
Successful TaxaThe most abundant in numbers of species3/4 of all animals are insects >1/2 of all living organisms are insects
Largest group are the beetles followed by butterflies and moths;wasps, ants, & bees; flies; true bugs (more species of bees than mammals)
Number of species is only an estimate since many are still not named- 800,000 to 1 million to 30 million
Enormous diversity and found in most environments
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Bugs are involved in every part of your life
Directly - food, nuisance, bites, stingsUrban Entomology, Medical Entomology Indirectly - food prices, pollination, crop pests, medical advances, geneticsAgricultural Entomology, Biological Control, Invasive Species
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Pests/Pesticide• Insects/Insecticide• Mites/Miticide• Nematodes/Nematicide• Snails and Slugs/Molluscicide• Weeds/Herbicide
Classification of Pests
• Insect has 6 legs, three body parts, wings• Mites and others have more than 6 legs, two body parts, all are wingless• Arthropods have exoskeleton• Snails and slugs are mollusks• Nematodes are round worms
Metamophosis• Insects, like all arthropods, have to shed their
skin to grow.• Two Types of metamorphosis
• Complete (Holometabolous)• Egg, larva (grub, caterpillar), pupa, adult
• Incomplete (Hemimetabolous)• nymph (naiad), adult
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Mouth Parts
Feeding Behavior
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Feeding Behavior
Thrips
Spider mites
Whiteflies Mealybugs & Soft ScalesSharpshooters
LeafhoppersPsyllidsPit Forming Psyllids