The Way of The World Summary

8/17/2019 The Way of The World Summary

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King Chares I was exed to France dung the egn of the puitans TeEnglish peope ere unhappy wth the puitans and theee they aangedwt Kng Chales II t� _be restoed bck to Engld wihout an bloodshed

King Chaes II agee and he signed a teatent by which h gave ore. feo t te al He w eoed - 6 e o ·e the fcC- -

of politcs on witng during that peiod. Writes who suppoed the putancaus were usng "satre n their witing; thus satire was the ost iporatteay tool at that tie They were cticizng the onarch ndectly Thechracter of the ng himsef inuenced not only lteatue bu aso societ ngeneral

TheAg

of Sience

There was a geat nteest in science and the estoaton aked the

begning of the scientic enquiries Thus haresII

odered the scienticsocety to be estabshed and t was established in 1662. The scientc socieyallowed even matue scentsts to join it! And we know that Drydn whohad imatre inteest in scence was a meber of this socety Ths eetingbetween people of lteraure an people of scence had a ecpocal and tualinuence scnce was the new approach o vertng n ; everhng wasanalyed and atonaled ather than fe eotoally e phrase thatsuaizes eveyhng in literatre and lfe s: "From the head, no fo theHe'; ths s becuse usng or hear an eoions in esponding to thngseans hat you have song cnctions, and stong convictions lead to cvilwars

Theatral Co panies

Afte beng closed snce 1642, theatres ee oened agan The ony twopeople who wee lcensed t open heatia companes ee ele with theKing in Fance and were stongly mmersed n the French shon and model oftheate! Those two people we Thomas Kigew and lliam Davenant Thestucture of the hatre was dierent om peous mes. The theatre wasncoated bend th prosen ame window, ad ths aked hebeginning of he ructe of the mode theatre Tee was no actual contactbetween as and audence. There the ncy of the globe heae was

no longe thee!

Despite the ct that the tagc dama sed rng The RestoatonPerod, and Dryden was the aser of hs gene the most impoant atthat tme was the Restoaton com dy o the com d of anner

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View o the morali and Proaneness o te English St�ge" (1698) And Congreve w9te a long rpyuder te tite ,'Amenmens of Mr. ColersFalse and Imperfect Citations" Conreve sd that whn a dramatis satirizes

a stuatio or a aner i socie, he is condemng ad by no mens he is-it!li ilat: heJro


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The Epigraph:

.· ;is a kind o freshadowinor what is to be persented n· stae it wasshioable at that time to dedie the play to someone Cogrev deicated

-· _ . _ , _ is . aylph�_tExofMngue. _:· _ _ - The Introduction

JSating

hisobective

It is the statement of purpose or the denition of characterization ofcomedy of manners

are:

a. Conreve speculated that his last coedy, The Way of TheWorld, won't be a huge success because he was introducingsomething new, innovative 2, and creative.

b Congreve stated that characters presented on the stage at thattime were so gross, havin natural flly3 that cannot be refrmed. From

his own perspective4

that was wrong, so he decided to desig ewcharacters and a new wa f chracterization

c Since Congreve presented iovative characterization, hispla was doomed5 not to succeed at his time

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2 Conreve started talkin about the histor of the wries ofcomedy so e entioned how each o the inenced the otherConrev� mntioned Terrance and how eance had patrons to pt_ ecthis reputation but despite that, errance was attacked

The Prologu of The Way of the World : he major tasks o the prologue

1o introduce the subject o he play.2 To rer and inroduce some introductory materials and soe

sketches related to either characters or thees in the play3 . o introduce something explanato, and this is hat happens

in this case that an explanatory note was recited by other chacters, din this case, we have M Beteon, who played Mr Fainall

4. In the prologue, M Fainall was using sometimes a serioustone and at other times, he was using a huorous and unny tone

Prologu : Spok n By Mr. B tt rton

Ofhose few fools who with i stars are curst

Sure scribbling fools, called poets fare the worst:

2 Inovai: ew3 Foly sh4 Prpc: es Dom ued I fted

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We have he rhyming couple, iambic penameer in he proogue Thus,· onre� has adaped6 he clasi heoic verse f wo reasons Firs, hewed he audience o ake his dramac oering seriousy Second he anedo emphasize he elemen o humor his comedy

- · " P o rif 'e a s afJ 0 1 -· whic une ·, k -· --·

And aer she has made em fools, forsakes

ith Nature s oa is quite a derent case For ortune favours al hr idiotracI erown nest the cuckooeggs we 0

' e r which she broods to hatch the changeling-kinNo portion for he own she has to spareSo much she dotes on her adopted careCongreve is saing he dierence beween wo kinds o fols:

• The naura fools• The foos of Fortune

· Now, fols o Foune are hose poes who basically depend on heir Forue o be liked or no by he audience bu hose poes, according oCongreve, who are fols r dependence on Forune aen' awae ha whahey are doig is risky because he audience are changeable and hey donhave xed opinion He is showing us ha success has nohng o o wih hislierary excelence

success rather depends on the taste ofthe audienceFor they re a sort offools which Fortune makes

And aer she has made em fools forsakesWith Natures oa is quite a derent caseFor Fortune favours all her idiotrace.In her own nest the cuckooeggs we n0 'er which she broods to hatch the changelingkinNo portion fr her own she has to spare�So much she dotes on her adopted careNature vors her bo fols So, Naure is fr hem as a surrogae7 moher

o he cuckoo birds, he cuckoo ha lays her eggs in dieren ness So, she is arel moher o hose eggs which aren her here is his idea o moth ring

righ om he very beging and "car is atached o moherig .On he oher hand, i a perso is a poe he is e o general ase; wheherhey will ike his wiing or n ecase he is a Foes fol!

For th y'r a sort oools which Fotune makes

6Ap chand7 Surrogte: substite.

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Here e ae rerrring to he poets' . · A h� ha de 'eo, kes

Hee he means that poets re m5e by Foe and ·y orsk� y thesa me tool tha t ma de them! . ;, _: � . -

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For Fortune avours a h ot-race . ,· . ·

He is saying that Forune vos al her fols This is - a soc _ia c�ue the socie that always otects the fos!

Witature's o ti quite a derent case ·

Fo ortunefavours al her idiotrace.Jn her own nest the cuckooeggs we n0 er which she broods to hatch the changelingkinNo portion /or her own she has to spareSo much she does on her adopted care

He is saying that in her nest we don't nd he eggs but somethg boughtto he There is nothing calle "the ols o natue; we make these fols by

potecting them and dierentiating them om the eally sma people i.e meno iteature

oets are bubbes by the town drawn inSuered at rst some ing stakes to winEach time they write the ntre all thve wo· The squire that s buttered still is sue to be undonehis author heretoore has on your avour;But pleads no meritom his past behaviour

To build on that might prove a vain presmptionShold ants to poets made admit resumption:And in Parnssus he must lose his seatI that be ound a oeited esatePresenting poets s bubbles suggests that they dont hve a position

tha nothing can peseve them in their positionAs i basiclly they ae damned twic ; they ae once daned by nate

and another time by the town thaikes their writings one time and doesnt likethei witing another time! As i hey ae mg a double rsk each time theysuccee o te nyhing, here is a isk

Again he presnts the idea o witers being gamblers somties they wina smetimes they nt dnding on their Forune!Let s see the l�ck of fnsiveness in:Ths authr Jerofoeafn yor favour;But pleads no merit from his past bior.

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He is not trying to dend himsel; e -kos a: �veness and oesntrequire ahin especially in

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But le ds no merit fom is p st beh v _

He is sayig that to keep on satig your previous suces ses s something·v ;'eipyou�·uc-trsnf·

And in Parnassus he must lose his seat, · .

Its a mythologica rerence to the mounta where teMuses dwe andthus its the place om which poets get inspratio Its a symbol o poetry. Ihe loses his position as a poet, he isnt goin to dend it and will leave it to thegeneral taste!

And in Parnassus he must lose his seat, that be found a foeited estate He is saying that i this play with its new characterization ils to correct

them ad helps them develop a new taste then the prolem is in the audienceand they are a lost case and there is no hope in refrming them!He owns with toil he wrought the folowing scenes;But, they 're naught, neer spare him for his painsDamn him the more; have no commiserationFor dulness on mature deliberationHe swears he l not resent one hissed-oscene,Nor, like those peevish wits, his play maintain,Who, to assert their sense, your taste arrai.Some plot we think he has, and some new thought

Some huour too, no fare; but thats a faultSatire, he thinks yo1 ought not to expect;For so reformed a town who dares correct?

To please, this time has been his sole pretence,Hell not nsruct, lest it should give oenceSould he by chance a nave or fool epose,That hurts none here, sure here are none of those:In short, our play hall (with your leave to show iGive you one instance of a passive poet,o to your judgments yields all resignationSo sae o damn, aer your own discretion

- Cogreve is s ying that his pl y does't tackle8 ayone i soci sre hemeans at it tackles eveoe

societ ling

at is time! He ses thesarcastic and

l yfl w y to make his task re pe cefl.

8 Tackl de_ w rfe to

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Congreve is sayig that he h _s w orked v er; h d to e hi seat and hemeans by "seat his sition as a poet and as a damatist.

C do Udensi�ss i thefllowing lies

Bt· ere naugze er sr him/or his pins:

· -J5ai n .:i"e·ore�;1a -,�an· - -· o, he is ecoura g the a udience to. criticize him if y on't like w hat

he is poducing . Because they damned hm bee when they judged T heDouble D ealer to be a f&ilur e, a lthough it is so good. om Congr eve's pespective! I he doesnt entean the aµience he delibeately poducedsomehing dull and unenjoyable, and then he commied a sin that-should nevebe fgiven! He is saying tha t he won't esent you judgmet! He presenting acomparison between himself and the peevish poets; he w ill r eceive a nycticism passively nd without a ny rea ction. He is sa ying "peevish w is again

his citicism is diected hee against bad wites who insist on enfrcing bad pefmances on the audiene so he tansfmed the taste o the audience intoa bad one!

Some plot we think he (Conreve) has and some new thoughtSome huur too no farce; but that 's afault. Agin, ths is an asseion9 t what he said in the dedication; tha he s

intoducing a new chaacteization We have seen how he moed o _theg n ral to the sp cifc he moved om compang oets wo ae ools oFoune and fols o Nate nto the specic by takng bout imCongeve himsel He is admiing having commited one ult the ct ha hedidnt pesent ce.

T ing The Audience To D op Defensiveness: ·

Tis is pepng you as a eade to the newess · o what he is going to pesent and to the ct that thee is NO

FACRE; meaning that yu wn't behilaiously laughing all the time.

Satire he thiks, you ought not to expectFor so reformed a town who dares corect?You ae so co1ect thee is no need f me to wite a satie! Sur this is

the contra o what h mensBasically we have two things hee:

1. Sacasm saying something while meaing somethg else4. Relie he s eleving himsel o all atacent om allx2tans and hs le cmes om droppng densiveness o te

-' - liei on his par as a wite and on the pa o the adince ' ,.

9Ascrtl�: conf�io.

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Forso eformed a town ·o dares correct?Sarcastica he isehis audiene thatyou a sO orect! So, hw can

I make a satire abot audience who io efrmedSrhis is

xa�tl theoposit of what he means . .-Agme s tti n.f comedy which are

J To present a deliguscene · ·

2. To insuct '

To lese tis time, as been is sole pretence,He' not insruct� est it should gie oence. ·

He is basically saying that instructing the audience" comes in a secondayposition to to pleasing them!

Dropping all kind of tension I won't instct you because st of al I amno better than you but moe importantly because· you are o good and I have

nothing to struct!Sould e by cance a knave or fool pose,Tat hurts none ere sure here are none oftose:Basicaly he is negating the ct that there are os and aves but the

more he is negating this ct the more he is aming and givng moreassurance that there are ols and knaves; otherwise they wont be harmed oronded!

The hidden message hre is there are penty of os and knaeS-aong heaudience� and I am exepcting them to be oended!

In sort, our pl sa (wit your eave to sow i

Give you one instance ofa passive poet,Wo to your juents yields a resignation;_

Agan, he passive poet is compared to the peevish wits; he is yieding tothe judgment of his audience

So sae o amn er your own discretionJe Man Ideas of The Prologu :

Te s in toneThis is presented in mog om somethng vey serious ike reducing

himsef and the othe oets into gambers in a payfu and sarcasti tone.2 e lack ofdefensieess. 3 Te release oftension

The Choolate House: Act I is set in the Chocolate HouseT� rs shipment of coco beans arrved to Europe in 1585, but it was i

I700 that drinks made out of Coco were so popuar in Europe not i1 ngandthough It became vey popuar in palcs, and in n ats wy it wascaled The Drmk of Gods! The drink became so deo s if sent by gods.

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Ho�ve t�i� in didnt aive to Englad unil .1657 Thee was aencan v,r .;·


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. hi i an excellet sum ry of i charact r;. that he only like to play

when the ik adzards are so i. He won't o on plang to enteainhimself becaue the game o card i ometing that h doent like to win

easily us hi character is that · he like victory and he likes to conquer.- Wn h-'·of repUatfn·,�-h ·i paring gambling o \Oens _· reputation hus, hre we are given a window into the atitude tow"omen

in the 1il centu England; that they should preserve their viue ad chtityMoreover, we hav jutaposition of tems uch as Valus undervalues

Forune /misrtune, and Reputation I play He i introducing h calculatedgamble of socie the caculated gamble of ocial permace thateveything we do in the socie is a performance like gamblingWy did Coneve chooe to open hi play with these two mae

character? Thee two male character wil be two oppoing rces troughoutthe play One of thee characters will be ghting r love; while e other willbe ghting to conquer all money om each and every character in the play

Mrab You hav a tast trmly dlcat, and ar for rning on yourplasur.

FAINALL: Prith, why so rsrvd? Somthing has put you out ofhuour

BELL Not at al I happn to b rav today and you ar gThts al

he rst dierence between thee two characters i introduced hee andalthough it's set indrectly, we ee Mrabell out of humor because omethinghappened to oend him Howeverwe nd Fanall the opposit happy

FAIALL: Confss, Mllamant and you quarld last nght ar I lyou my fa cousin has som humours that would tmpt th patnc ofa Stoic . What, somcoxcomb cam in, and was wll rcvd by hr, whil you wrby? his introduces us to the character of Millamant that her atitde will

make even he toic person angry and lose his control!RABELL: Witwoud and Ptulant and what was wors, hr aunt, your

w 's mothr, my vil gnius or to sum up all n hr own nam my old LadyWishfort cam n

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0 thr t s thn! She has a lastng passion fo you and wthrn.- at thn my w w thr? : ' _

RABELL Ys, ad Mrs. Maoo ad thr or four or, whom Invr saw bfor ng m, th all put n thr av facs, sp1d onnothr; thn compland aloud ofth vapours, an ar Uta profodslnc

FAIN ALL Thy had a mnd to b rd ofy

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, )irabellJd

wih Ly Wishf in order to ge close. o Py,� ;:iecO course, this makes us ·in suspense to know hy this old Lady of 55 has

pass1s

Thy had.( mjd to be rid of you= there is a reason tha the want to get · --i �(f µ;-0m

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don' t .=w_ ne:_ Mira�U9 be there anymore!

JB: For, hch reason IresQed not o stir- _; .

At last the good (ld ld broke thrugh her painul taciity with annvective agast long visits I would not have understood her but Millamant

joining the argument I ros and with a constrained smile told her, I thought not ng was so easy as to know when a visit began to be toublesomeShe reddened and I withdrew without expecting her reply Thus, LadyWish0 staed to make him understand that his

presence is unwelcomed, and

Millamant was agreeing with what her aunt was saying!FAINAL: You were to blame to resent what she spoke only in compliancewith he aunt

This is the natural thing hat Millamant should do and you dont have to lae her! On the contray you are the one to be blamed r acting in such a ud wa!

· , e is more mistress ofherse than to be under the neC


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his timate pleasre; he loves t be victorious when e coqer each adevy oe!

Actaly we have the represetatis of these two goals i or characters

Obviosy Mab represts t� rst z , thy e hich as so may

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eion btf hegms oe ·r1Si-i0i- s�-Faina bere he pay begs However, whe he pay begins e d thatMirabel is reed ad chaged his behavior; he is sti a rake thug! This isbecause he i hoesty i love with Milaat ad tghot the whole pyh wasn't tempted to go into any aair with ay woma!

On e other side of te specrm we have Mr Faia who wats tocoquer a the tme and to e victorious For exampe he has a reatioshipoutside maiage with Mrs Marwood because he wats to coquer theinstitUtio of maiage Aso his oer conquest is that he wats to tae cool

o hs wis money!Both rabel ad aia are rkishly mipulativ bt one is directedad ispired by love ad thisis Mirabe. O the other hand, the other characteris irected by greed ad his ove to coqer, ad this is Faia

FAIALL Now I emembe, I wonde not they wee ea of you lastnight w one of thei cabal nights; they have em thee times a-week, andmeet by tuns at one anothe 's apatments whee the come togethe like thecoone 's inquest to sit upon the mudeed eputations of the week You and Iae: ecluded; and it was once poposed that al the male s should beexceptd but somebody moved that to avoid scandal thee might be one manof the communi upon which motion Witoud and Petulant wee enoledmembes.

Women are secrety meetig three times a week i each othersaparmets. We have a simile i the ie they come together ike he coroersqest to sit po the "Mrdered reptatios o he week Obviosly thegatherg of al wome is a pato r scadal he to avoid scada they

proposed that a m shoud be preset to protect them ad prevet a scadalom happening!

FAIALL You andI ae cluded; and it was once poposed that al themale s should be cepte

Aca we have a very dageros lagage sed to rer to olitics whe

Mirabell says: And who may have been the foundress f this sect? Althoghthese meetigs ae social they are as dageros s potica cospiracies thatlead to revoltios! e is tig to say that hey are s dgeros especiayhat they are meetig ad ecding me! · ·

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Bat Gishe has a con�mporary view on these cab ights Inerestingly,she deste caal-its as "unholy union; reing the statehenall bad things gather together However, you have to remebe hat these

da· e written by ma}e :authors So, it tells us about how these le writers. -· - vie.wd oeisiRe tora fn.'·- -· . ,

Also, they sho u hat women gather in their meetings r posesonly; either a woman ants. to make allies with a male iend in order to veil

and-.cover her immoal practices, or a woman ants to get so many inrmationand gossip that she will be using ad blackmailing in the tre

The Efeminate Characters:

"Eeminate is related to farce; this is something that has ived omFrance; they are slaves to hion, and they like to gossip s much! Witwoud

and Petulant are considered eeminate characters Actually, the termefeminate has to conadictory meanigs; enoing he company ofwomen and resembling them in every way and enjoying the sexual relationwith women so they become the exact reection of the omen they lovePetulant and Witwoud are of the s t. These o men are cosidered asone man!

On µe _t4e h a e see Miraell askig Fainall; "How d y- allwyour we Jo gr .o thes� ghs! Are Qt yu a°id o he cosequenc? Surely, Fainall doesn't reply and he hits back by saying "Are you Jealous ofPetulant and Witwoud being all the time in the company of your beoed?

AIN ALL: oy of your success Mirabel! yu look pleaseMIRBELL: "Ay I have been engaged in a.maer of some sort f mirh,

which is not ye re for discvery I am glad his s ot a cabal night Iwnder, Fainall tha you wh are mare and f·cnequence should bediscreet, wll suer yur we o be of such a par ·

The Intrigu :

"Ay; I have been engaged n a mater ofsome sort of mirth which s noyet re fr discove

We have a hin t i Mirabell's answer fr some discovery d "intrig ue

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is. whn a character schemes and initiats somethi g, and its

success �ends; .on the ignorance of the person against whom it's planned·Mostly , the intrigue in our play depends on lady Wishfr's ignorance o he· plo


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BEL 1 am of anothe opnon The greater the coxcomb, alws themorele �andalor a woma who s not a fool can have but one reason forasso(t Jthp man who s one

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e ou jealous as oen as you se Wtwoud entertaned by--

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BLL Qfher understandng I am, not f her personFAALL: You do her rong; for to gve her her due she has wt.RABELL She has beau enough to make any man thnk so, and

copasance enough not to conadct hm who sh tel her soFAINALL For a passonate love, methn you are a man somewhat too

dscernn n the ailings of your msessWe have dube stdads eve egdig the same issue d we see thi

especiay whe Fana says:

andfor the men they are of a knd toocontemptble to gve scandalO e page, w see him sayig that the presece f the tw me wil

prevet a scadal, ad the ext page we have a dieret pii that theyare ctemptibe t give a scadal!

MIRABELL Of her understandng I am not of he personO the ther had he is aaid that the cmpay f itwd ad Petlat

il aect her mers ad wit especially hat the whle Cab81 ight is eil iitse

The Grand Tour:

The Gad Tur was a kid f practice i the 18th cet r the ich, adyug geteme As, this kid f travel was rigiated r the yg peplet trave it Erpe, d especaly Frace; i der t get trduced t thecutre f ther peple ther habits, ma�rs ad mst impantly theirshi Frace was the main destiati r these turs because it was thecapital f shi, ad it' s the place where "Farce came Mreimpraty, Frace was the pace where their kig spet mst f his dayswhe he was exiled m Eglad. hus it was surprisig r Mirabel adFaiall k that a getem of ry year ld wats t trave. Nt lybecase at hs age, there is thig t be leaed thugh traveg ad gettig

acquaitd with ther cultres, bt as becas f the itle· he ew atashi, ad abt the lngae f the Aristcry·

Mrever, the last we hear abt Petlat is i the Chcla Hse, adwe hae tee getlewme askg abut him; y to kw ards that

these getewm are mre tha pstittes Obisy Plat ad aid

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these po�titutes to come and call upon him becaue he wants to appea poulaac t high ccles in society -

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Act II/ St. Jaes- Rark:

1's the-oldest par�inLo; andit wa·-oed- by€hlescI w

was restored to the tne. Ba sically, ' the king used it to enter his g uests a ndmistress. Inresiny' the king oned the park to th pub li� nd-he e to

take s thee eve1 day; ccompanied by his dogs. It syboizes the elite the high sociey and people will go thee not only to take walks, but also tmake dates. Why did Congeve choose to move the action om the ChocolateHouse into the Pak?_The openess o the pak will pepae us to the r v lationo the secets that will take place · in tis act; we know that all theinterelationships will be evealed to us in this act Thus i Act II we willknow about the past and pesent elationships o the couplesCongeve moves

into this opn space in hi second act because it s not eclusive to men like the Chocolate House athe it s a wide place whee men and women meet todiscuss a vaiey o issues

The Chang abiit and Exremism of Men's Love:

MS. FAINALL: Ay, ay dear Marood we will be happy we mustndthe means in ourselves and among ourselves Men are ev� inextremes; either doating or averse ile they are lovrs thy hve r ad sense their jealousies are insppble;and en they ces to_ lov (we ught to think at les they -

oath; they look upon us with horror and distaste; they meet uslike the ghosts ofwhat we wer and as such y om us.When men love women they give them eveything uncoditionally I men

hate women they stat to eat the same woman as i she had changed and as ishe had gone through some kind o transfmation! This is a battle eteensexes because Ms. Fainall is atacking men; descibing them as ueasonableand eemist ceatues. Though Fainalls citicism f male iendship weknow Congeve's opinion about such kinds o elations Ms. FaaU isinitiating a wa against me; that men ae unreasonable: because they lovewithout a eason and by the sae token they hte without any eason

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p

hasing Shak sp ar Th Explic S xuaiy:

MS R WOODTrue ts an unhapp crcumstance of le that love shuld ever die before

us an that the an so oen should outlive th lover. But s what you will'tis better to be le than nee to have been love To pass ur youth in dull

_, - : <

,

_AL NWRS"AOLIHMlNT

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nderenc�; · t rse the sweets of lebecause they one must leave us is apeposterous as to wish to have been bon ol because we one d must beol Fo my pat my youth may wea nd waste but t hal neve rt n my

possesn ·

- �lis pomt h fuy: we don'kwe tMoo!

honest in er own philosophy about i o not Interstingly Ms Faina

didnt espond by attacking men as her frnd did; raher she responded bystating her own phiosophy Its surising r a · woman ivi in eRestoration to tak about her sexuaity in · tis expicit manner She sars bysaying that it' s so unforunate to see ove dies in ont of our eyes: rue, tis anunhappy crcumstance of i that ove shoud ever die bere us Obviousythis conadicts the statement which says that: ove is etea". The man sooften shoud outive the ove ove dies and ishes at the end and we as

human bengs ive longer than our ove does ephrasing Shakespeare in: tisbeter to be le than never to have been oved

The Lawful Ty ant& The Amazon:

MRS FANALLThen it seems you dissemble an aveson to mankn ony n complance to

mj other 's humu?MRS. RWOODCetanly To be ee I have no taste ofthose insdd discoues wth

which ou sex of foce must entetain themselves · apat o n. We mayaect endeaments t each othe pofess eteal endships an seem to doat

like loves,- but ts not in our natues long to pesevee Love will esume hisempe n ou beasts and evy heat o soon o late eceive and eadmithm s ts lawful r nt.

·

The aw tyant ove between men and omenMRS FJLL Bless me how have I been deceived! why you pofess alibtne.M RWOOD Yo see my iendshp by my eedom Come be

sncee cknowledge that you senments aee wih mineM. FAINALL Neve!

MRS. 1R WOOD You hate ankid?MRS FANALL: Heaty nveteatelyMRS RWOOD.- Your husband?

.

MRS. FAINAL Most transcendentlya tug I say t rtoriouslyM,S. R WOOD: Give me your hand pon t

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FAINALL: There�MR. MRWOOD !join with you; what I have said has ben to

ry you.M. FA!ALL: fs itpossible? dost thou hate those vier1. m

en

:

.

M. �W09J: I have done hating 'em, and a nol• C�W f

despise

- , �· . - · : · · - - · - e - · _: : ! . .� "; f. the next thing I have to do, is eterally to forget em

: , - ·. FAINALL hee spoke· the spirit ofan Amon a Penthesilea!There spoke the spirit o an Amazon a Penthesilea= yu are qeen and the

mistress all strong women o all women warriors and o the Amazon MsMarwood has no prbem i having airs with married men and no prblemat al even i that married man happens to e her best iends husband!Congreve satirizes his own sel when he makes his male charaters mokmen · Cngreve shws us the insinceri and the dishonesty o the maleiendship some moments later; this is counterattak on women who saPiesmen and as i he is telling them: Ber you make n of men, you have to x things among you ladies !" Up to this pint in the play, we aren't sure who issinere among these two charaters and who is not

S FAINALL Then it seems you dissemble an aversion to mankind onlyin compliance toy moter 's humour?

S OOD Cetinly To be ee; I have no tqste of thos indd dic1rs, wit which our sex of orce must (ntera �mselves aartom men

_

Mao s aackin the rst statement sd in the scee ie. he isataking the way women speak about men, and the way they atak the male

sexThe Libertine Woman! [M s. Ma wood]

M FAINALL: Bless me how have I been deceived! why you profess aibertineS RWOOD Yo see my iendship by my eeom Come be

sincere,acnowledge that your sentimens aee wih mineMR FAINALL: Never!S RWOOD You hate mankind?S. FAINALL: Heartily inveterately . Aer that Mr Jarwood senses that she cannot cane Mrs Fainall s

nate she admits to her tha he has said this only to es her!MMWOOD Yoz husband?S FAINAL: Most trascendently; ay, though I sy it, eritoriously

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S. R WOOD Give me yor hand pon it ·M FANALL: There . ;

S R WOOD Ijoin with yo,� hat I hv said as ben totyou

So when Mrs Marwood cae to dead end wit s Fainall� tat he cann-

e-v

chag m

·

keJin the e ofmankind, se pretendsthat what se has just said isn't er belie!

M FA/NA Bess me how have I been deceived! why you profess aibertine

Liberine: anyon and it s usually use to describe men wo goes tougmany sexual relationsips i order to satis his/er sensual instincts So she isasing: "Do you say tat you are a libeine? We have a role-reversal here,with Mrs Marwood playing te role of a man i.e . a liberine ! In moving omone aair into another and i having no problem in expressing her sexual li

openly she reminds us of menMR RWOOD You see my iendship by my eedom Come besincere acnowedge that your sentiments aee with mne.

Sexual eedom is someting private and you canot judge peopleaccording to it Friendsip is about acceptance You should accept your iendeven if s/e is a libe1ie Mrs Marwood is very tricky because in order tomake her iend agree on her Marwood is making rs Fainall say statementss tat she would use tem against her later when she knows about te afir!

The Aversion Towards Men & The Torturig C r mony of Marriag :

MRS. RWOOD I have done hating 'em and am now come to despise

em; the next thing I have to do is eternay to foget emThis reminds us of Mrs Fainall at te opening of te scene; se wasmoving om one extreme into another in er attack against men At one timethey say that tey love men only t say te second time that tey despise men!

me

MRS MAR WOOD Andyet I am thinking sometimes to ca my avesionfrther. FA/NA How?MRS RWOOD Faith by marrying· cod bt nd one that oved

ey we and would be thooghy sensibe ofi sage, I think I uld do

mysethe vilence of undegoing the ceemony.· will g troug te pains of te marriage cermony but later she illtorment er husband by making him a uckol I e Opiion jealyypocrisy and manipulation are all practiced nder te over oa

MRS. FAINALl: Yo wold not ae him a ckod? · ·

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Cuckod= a man whse has beraed hm :, . , ·us, the batte ·betwn sees goes on ad as i mg s '-tuton

r peope to torment one another! · '.:·,\

MRS. FA/NALL:Asband Don 'tyou see him? He trl,1h6 up n ·- m - . ·� -. _, \ ;�-,\· - · . - ·; \·L . �Y '"

unaaes and h almost ovco me · ' ; ·

MRS. MAR WOOD: Ha! ha! ha! he comes oppotunelyfo youMRS. F/NALL: For you, for he has bougt Miabel with him.FAIN: M dea!MS FA/NALL: My soul!M. Fainall wll call his wi "my soul and she w cal hm an

endearment name. Ths expresses ther hatred r each other rather than theirlove Inrecty, Congreve is presentng to us how p opl of the Restoaton

vewed marriag .Marriag as a Game of Manipulation & Torture:

MRS MAR WOOD: No; but d make him believe I did and that 's as baMRS FA/NALL: y had not you as good do it?MRS. MARWOOD: Oh! b should ever discover it, he would then know

the worst, and be ou" ofhisain but I would have him ever to connu· uponthe rack offea andjealousy

·· RS� -FAL: ngenious mischief! would tou wet ied toMiabel.

RS MA WOOD: Wouldwere!

MRS FA/NALL: You change colouMRS MARWOOD: Because I hate himMRS FA/NALL So do I; but can hea him name But what reason

haveyou to hate him in particula?MRS MARWOOD I never loved him he is and always was, insueablypouMS FAALL: By the reason you give fo your aveson one would

thinkit dissembled; fo you have laid a fault to his charge, of which

is enmies mut quit hmThe Conontaton between Marwood and Mr. Faial

M RS. M AJVOOD: 1 think s e does not hate him to . _that degree he

would be thougtFAINAli: But he, fea, is too insensible.

• � l.

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MRS MAR WOOD: It may be ou are deceive FATA{L It ay be so I do now begin to aprehend it.

MRS. MARWOOD What?

· FA/NLL hatihave been deceive ·madam and you are false.·

-

MiWhTIamfalse/ mean you?_

_

Fainal s accusing hs over of cheaing on hi despe he c ha he ischeaing on hs wi!

FAINALL o let you ow I see through al youlittle arts. - Com ouboth love him; and both have equay dissembled your aversion You mutual

jealousies of one another have made you clash till you have both suck re Ihae seen the warm coession reddening on your cee and sparkling omyour eyes.

Mr Fainall Acc pts the b trayal f His Wife but nt thech ating f

is Mistress:MRS MAR WOOD You do me wrong AINALL I do not 'was fo my ease to ovrsee and wiully neglect the

oss advanes ade him by my we that by permitting her to be engage Imight continue unsuspected in my pleasures and take you oener to my armsin full scuri But could you thin because the nodding husband would notwake that e er the watcul lover slept?

Huorously, Fanal akes us hk ha he love s one p rson and hehusband s anohe The husband and he lover are wo cades r one personwho s none bu . Faina The os ipoan hing s ha he s accusng her

of preendg and dssebing no o ove Mrabel because she loves hm souch and he had rejeced her love! This is the rst reveatin of ne majsecret; and it's very important t remember! It's at this point that weknow Fainal is having an afir with his wi's iend, whie accusigther pepe f disembing and pretending.

MRS MARWOOD And wherewithal can you reroach me= "what aethe things you are accusing me o

AINALL With ieli with loving another, with love of MiraelIn s accusaon, Fanal oves o e very general e "indely o

· the vey specc e Mrabe .

MRS R WOOD: Tis false! I challenge y to sho an instace tha canconrm yur oundless accusaton. I hate hm.

The Evidence that Marwod is sl in Lve with Mirabell:

FAINALL And wherefore o you hate him? he is inse, and youresentment follows his neglect. An istance! th injuries you have done him are

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a r


24/75

FAINAL: o msinterpret �eproo I meant but to remind you of te

accou you once could make o sicest ties wen set in competition withyour love to me.

M R WOD is flse, yo urged it wit delberate alice! twaspok n

i-cd

, an

! n e

.

w

lrgiv

{

-.

FAINAL r guilt, not our resentment begets your rage Ie you love you could forgive a jealou but you are stug o nd ou arediscovered

You only hate me because you are dscovere because your er sel dyour secrets are exposed

·

MRS R It sal be all discovere You too sall be discovere be sureyou sall I can but be expose II do it myseI sal prevent your basenessTis repetition is done for purpose it s· intentional to give us a full account of

teir personalitiesFAINALL y wat will you ? M RWOOD Disclose it to your we; own wat as passed between

usFAINALL Fren!MRS R WOOD: By all my wrongs Ill do t I 'l publis to te world

te njuries you ave done me bot in myfame adfortune! Wit bt I ustedyou, you banupt in honour as indigent of wealt

We can judge Mrs. Marwood beter now than the begnning o the actbecause we have a cleare dea about her!

FA/NALL Your fame I have preserved yourfortune as been bestoed aste pQia( of your lve would ave it in pleasures wic we bot avesae. t had not you been false I ad ere tis repaid it tis true- had ouermitted 1abell wit Millamant to ave stolen teir arrige, my lady adbe ncensed beond all means of reconcilement Milamant ad forfeited themoie of er fortue whic ten would have descended to my we andwerefore did I mar, but t make lawful prize of a rich widow s wealt andsquander it on loe and you? werefore did I mar, but to make lawful prieof a c widow s wealt? "

He marre a wow only to get her money, but Marwood ha nterfred nhs lan when she eposed Mrabell's adncements o Lady Wsh£or to be

ase .FA/NALL Deat am not

married? at's pretene? A� I not

imprione fettered? Hae Inot a we? nay a we tha as q wido ayoungwdow, a andsome idow and would be again a wdo, but at I ave a

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· he.? of pooa1d something of a constitution to tle hghe ys oe ad thi old Wil you yet be ec9nciledt truth qndm�? . . } MRWOOD: Impossible. Truth and you are incons�et f t you,

and�{oee . - · ·· · · · · · ·FJ)r- . i � - - - · -· ·

RWOOD I lath he name ofove ae such usage adnext tothe guilt ith hichyou1oud asese me I sco you most. Faeel

em

FAINALL Nay e must not pat thus.S RWOOD: Let me goFAALL Come, Im soy

I ; '

S R WOOD I cae not- let me go beak my hands, do Id leave

to get loose

Marriage is an institutin that puts tters( chains) arund maied pepleFainall says that in marriage, he is in a wrse situatin than imprisnmen andbeing ttered; thats he has a wi He is pretending that he is making asacrice in his marriage r te sake f his lve t Marwd He is plaing tleave his wi because he says that she will be widw again! He means that hwill tae he mney and leave her withut the ptecin f a man

The Wi t Serant! · ' · -. · . • : ( :� LADY WISHFORT: 0 Foible hee hqst thou been? what hast thou been

doing?FOIBLE Madam, I have seen the par

LADY WJSHFORT: But hat hast thou done?FOBl Nay, 'tis you ladysip has done, and ae to do; I hav onlypomise But a man so enamoued so transpoted! Well, hee it is, all that isle;_all that is no kissed ay ll, oshping ofpictues be a sin- pooSi Rolan I say

Very cleverly Fible imediately prents the subject f the sitr tLady Wisht in rder t distract her attein m the main subject which isher cnversatin with Mabel. she i lying to her emplyer; this indicatesshing f lyalties because her loyalty is suppsed t be rst and remst ther

mploy(r,

but this isn't what we nd here .

LADY _'WSHFORT: The miniature has bee counted like,;- but hast thou not .befy�J'� Foible? hst thou not detectedme to thfaiths}el?-What astµ o do with hm in the Park Anser me, ·has 1e got g outofthee · ,

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26/75

FOIBL[Aside} So he devi a ben befohand wth me at sha Iy? Aou Aas, madam ould I he it, Imet that condenthig? as Iin faut? Iyou had heard how he ued me ad a pn your ladysh s

ccount I m sure you woud not suspect my deli Nay tha hd been the·-sCI co hve'i rn f

{e-cFa n at your ladsh:t ; and then ! coud not hQd but i ait I gav him· his own

Foibe isve st tegic in her nswer, and she tes her hat she didnt allow

Mirabe to coss any boundaries nor to now any secres om-her So· his wste rst strategic step o Foibe to saguard her position Her second strategicstep is to tel ady Wishr that Mirabel spoe il of her, and she dended her.

LADY WISFOR Me? what did the thy feow say?FOIBLE 0 madam! tis a shame to say what he said- with his taunts and

his ers, tossing up his nose Humph! (says he what, you are a hatching some

pot (says he, you are so eary abroad or catering (says he, rreting somedisbanded ocer, arrant." aay is but thin subsistence (says he- we,what pension does your ady propose? Let me see (says he, what, she must

come down pret deep now, she s superannuated (ss he) and-

Foible has invente all this about Mirabell, bt actualy we get to nowwhat she hersef thinks about he ay! Surey, Foible doesnt dae to tell herady to her ce that "yo re very o r what you ar doing so shepetens that these descriptions ae said by Miabe and that this is his opinionof her

LADY WISHFORT Odds my e, I have hi, I l ha him murdered!Ill have him poisoned! Where does he eat?- Il marry a drawe� to have himpisoned in his wine I sendfor Robinom Locket 's immediatey.

Obviosy this poves to s what Mirabell si about her in the second actthat she will marry anything that resembes a man! Also, we notice that shetaes mariage as means to reach her gals becase she says that she is ready tomary a man om a ower class only to revnge om Mirabe

FOIBLE: Poison him! poisoning s too good for him Starve him, mam,starve him; ma Sir Rowan and get him disinerited Oh you would blessyourse to hear what he aid!

Foible is so sm because she des't save any opporunity to pant

what he wants indirectly; she aes Lady Wishort so gry and_wnts to getrevenge om irabell so mch so that she agrees to see the sir toight andma him immediatey! However whats so porant is that e ae here aew repsentatio of maiage; she says at she canot ae revenge ithot

· mariage; he revenge mean marri someone even though she is a ay of

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55 ! In a w�y, as if mariag will give her the identity she lot, marriage i ththing hi will co I

¥

hr; as if her ientity is decient with

u

Pm1 shefs' ha t r be

y

l's o eugh, and that s why she is s o

n

y a l

tq� ime Thus, she ot take venge on her own· rathe sh �ds a man-·''

. -

· �T ·-

1 ! · · � - -

ho ill ake he ngr an o lp her take revenge: : ' I . , • r LADY WIHFORT A villi! uperannuated! superannuated ie as HE

is out ofuse · . " FOIBIBLE Humph (sas h I hear you are ling desis against me too

(ss he) and Ms Mllaa is to mar my uncle e does not susect aword of your ladysh); bu (says he) I 'll t you /or that. I warrant you (saysh�) I 'll hamper you for that (says he) you and your oldpe too (ss he)I'll handle you

LADY WISHFORT Audacious villain! handle me; would he durst!

Frpeold pe! was there ever such a fou{-mouthed fellow? Ill be married to-morrow 1'll be conracted tonight.

FOIBLE: The sooner the bettr madam. Again Foible doesn t save anopportuni to push her lady in the direction to make her scheme succee

AD jJFORT Wil Sir Rowland be here sest thou? when oibleFOIBLE Incontinently mada No new shers we expects the return of

her huband aer kigthood with that impatience in wic Sir Rowand rnsfor the ear ur ssing your adyship s

hand ae ier · · · , .

Fib1e is cparig the ipatience o i':olat is ldy Whf shand to he impatience o the sheris i ho is aiting fr hr husa toret aer he has been pomoted to a knigh So, no e kno that thescheme is orking e ell !

LADY WISHFORT Frpe! superannuated pe! I 'll pery thevillain· Ill reduce hm to pery and rags! a ttterdemalion! I hoe to see himhung with tatters like a Longlane penthouse or a gibbe thie A slandermouthed railer! I warrant the sendthr prodigals in debt as much as themillion lote or the whole court upon a birthday I 'll spoil his credit with histailor Yes, he shall have my niece with her fortune he shal

FOIBLE He! I hope to see him lodge in Ldgate rst and angle intoBlaciars for brass farthings with an old mitten

Mrs. Jarood is sill in the closet; listening to every detail, and at the

same i he kne: th�t Mrs. Fainall had an afair with Miabell in the past.Cleary� w� hae t� imag of making women wanting to rev�#e tpselvesagain.mn s- ecurrng n the play because they were hur by e',� ejectionfr t4� this_an indication o their vanity. · . ,

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M. FAINA O oie, have been in a ight est I shoud come tooate! _Tht devi arood sa o in he Pak with iabe, and m aaidwi discove it to my ady

Ms. anall nows eveything about Miabell's plans because he told he·

-bifthm. -Tus,hecomes qbc uhe kowsl:arwood s wFoible and Miabell in the pa, so she wants to escue he Foile poves to beve smat because she doesn't tae anythin at the st value So she petendsnt to now what Ms Fainall is talin bout. Baically� she answes with aqueston to tiggethe othe peson to delive moe iformation

FOIBLE: Disove what, madam!M. FAINAL Nay n, put not on that sange face I am pi to the

whoe design, and now that Waitwe to whom thou wet this moningmarie is to pesonate Miabe s unce and as such winning my ady to

invove he in those dcuties om which Miabel ony must eease he, byis making his conditions to have my cousin and he fotune e to he owndisposa

Although we aleady know the plot Congeve is determned to epeat itbecause -he doesnt want any of his audience to miss any · nrmation Ofcouse, this is not only a summary but also it's a eassurance Foible thatshe nows the smallest detail of the plot Thus Ms. Fainall ass Foible to dophe mas and not to petend anymoe! So hee we have anothe eence tothe mas that aeused in society and in the wold

FOIBLE 0 dea madam I beg you padon It was not my condence inyou adysh that was decient but I thought the fome good coesponencebeteen you adysh and M. Mabe might have hindeed hiscommunicating this secet

Although Foible is only a sevant who holds the eys to so many secets,this doesn't mean that she allows heself to coss the boundaies So, sheapologizes in a very espectble way; telling he that she doesnt suspect hewhatsoeve but she was aaid lest Ms Fainall and Miabell didn't meetecently to eveal his plan to he

RS FAALL: Dea Foibe foget that. You don 't have to apoogize/oanything!

FOIBLE 0 dea madam M Miabe is such a sweet winning gntan

but you adysh is the patten of geneosi- Sweet ady to b so ood! M.Mibe cannot choose but be atefu Ind you adysh·a is heat tiNow madam I can sfey te you adyship ou success; s aodhadtod my ady but I wa I managed myse I tune it aohe bte Itod my ad that 1 iabe aied at he; I aid hoid things to his chage

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Iyw and my la is o incensed that she be contracted to Sir Rndt-gh he ss; Iaant worked her up, tha he may have her foskingfor, as they say of a Welsh maidenhea

Probal, Mrs: inal is sacricing hrself not out of lo¥e ater she is- · - -sacrn rl r�-hk cf thfls· godlle reput on'!-So, as

audience we wonder t aes Mrs. Fainall a patro·n of generosity to a anthat we al a "dev'? hs is because in that socie a woman has to sacrceherself r that idol god naed RPUTATON!

MRS FAALL 0 rare Foible=O! you are too precious Foible!FOBLE I beg your ladysh to acquaint Mr. Miae of his success. I

would be seen as litle as possible to seak to him besides, beleve MadamMarood watches me. Shehas a month s mind but Iow Mr. Mirabel can 'tabide her.- John!- (Calls) remove my lady s toilet. - Madam, your servant my

lady is so impatient, Ifear she l come for me i stay.S FANALL ll go with you up the back-stairs lest Ishould meet her.When Foible says that "Mirabell caot abide Mrs Marwod this

trggers Marood wh is hiding in he closet and lisening to this to revengeeven more and cause them everore har

The Female Battlefied I Fri ndshp

:

SLAAN I'l tae my deat Maroo you are morecnsus

than a deced beau, o a disarded toast Mincing, tel the men th mcome up. My aunt is not dressing here· their folly is les prvoking than yourmalice The town has found it! what has it found? That irabell loves me

is no

moe a secret than it is a secret that ou discovered it to my aunt or than thereason why you discovered it is a secret.

In the pvious scene we have seen that Millamant was ve ang aetulant so she spoiled her fn

·

M. RWOOD You are netleMRS LANT You re mistaken. Ridiculous!MRS RWOOD ndee my dear, you l ar another fan iyou don

mitigate hose violent airs So rs. Marwood is telling Millmant that she should corol her anger;

otherise she will spoil another n!

MS ANT: 0 slly! ha! ha! ha! I could laugh immodeately. Poor. }abel !, his constancy to me has quite destroyed his complaisane /Qr al the.

lJ?fde Iswear, I never enjoined him to be so coy- Ihad the vany to think /e. would obe me would command him to show more gaan_ tishardly well-bred to be so p


30/75

othe; But I espair to prevai� o · et him folow his own way. Ha! ha! ha!pardon me dear creature us auh ha! ha! ha! though I ant yu tis aitte barbarous, ha! ha! ha!

Milfamant is teasing Marwod . and telling her: "I dn't unerstad- Mrahel :iS f-have a sPlproT Hwcmei-is sn -

and gdtome, and at the same time cruel t the peple!" suely, byther

peple" Millamant uses the wrd cmand, which mens that she isactually cmmandng him in all situatis! S much s that she says '_I ishthat h wuld listen t me and lessen his isensiility t er peple(sMarwd), ut he cant help it!"

·

M RWOOD at pi tis so much ne raie and deivered withso signcant gesture shoud be so unhappiy directed to miscar!

LLANT: Ha! dear creature I ask your pardon I swear I didnot mind you

S RWOOD: Mr Mirabe an you both may think i a thing impossibe when I sha te him by teing you

LLAN 0 dear what? for it is the same thing iI hear it ha!ha/ ha!

She is teasing her y saying that whatever yu say·is nsiicnt t me!And I am nt ale t hear wat yu are sayig! Basically she is elittling what· Marwd is sayng

MR.RWOOD: That I detest him hate him madamM.

MILLANT:0

madam why so do I- an yet the reatre oe meha! ha! ha! how can one forbear aughing to think of it I am a sibyiI am notamed to think what he can see in me. I take my death I think you arehandsomer and within a year or wo as young iyou cod but stay for me Ishoud overta you- but that cannot be- Wel that thought makes memeanchoic Now I be sa

She is eig vey irnic and she is tuching n t ey pant pints;the Age Issue an Beaut Isse.

MR JRWOOD: Your mer note may be changed sooner than youn This sentence means "You won 't be happy for too ong! Miamant

chooses to tease her furthe y a song which was ve popuar n the comediesat the time M. LANT: D e say so?· Then I'm reslved Ill hae d ng to

keep u my spirits. Dsire Mrs- tht is i the next room to sing the song Iwoud hav earne yesterday.- Yo hal hear it, madam- nt that there 's any

great ater in it but tis agreeae to my humor

_

·

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B saihat hoesnman to sa ahing it means that she wnts sa soehi! ·

SONGo :-· ;

Love s bi hofthe min

. : . ;

: ·I i � f I '

. - · Wn'{"t with ambiti)oled,; - - · , , ; :

A·ickly ae, #' otfe expiesAndfeeding t tn seconsuming resTis not to wound wnton boyOr amorous youth, that gives thejoy;But tis the glory to have pierced a swain,For whom irior beauties sighe in vain.Then I alone the conquest prize,Wen I insult a rivas eyes:Ithere 's delight in l9ve, tis when I seeThat heart, which others bleedor, bleedfor me

. , ' -� .

Whats the ambition in the: Love' but he ailt of the mind, When tisnot with ambition joined? Mone For example illamant is postponing hermarriage to M�abell because she wants to trick her aunt an e her money

-

Lyrcs that Gratif h Und rstandng of the Audience:

Dre sai ht an lc in a rama should pl the hearing·andotgratif the understanding I his ioductio to t era Alion and laiushe wrte h r1e_s bhid ting a song in h comed A sg lric must

abound in the sos and varie of umbers; its main principal intenionbeing to please the Hearing rther than gratify the understanding" This is verimportant!

Drdens explanation is that the listeners will be istracted by therenjoyment r the msic so th on't be able to analyze the magery in thesong Thus, he prerred \riting eas and singable" lyics in drama; rather

· tha loading it with imageryAlthough Congreve was the disciple of ryden, he wrote against his theor

lrics that gratif the understaning of the audience Congreve prers toconcate on the meaning; raher than please t hearing The song ofCong isnt that ifcult but it requires more than one reading to grasp themeing , understand he iagery and the reshadowing of the events; tatrs

. illamant will be he ier at the en and s will mar irabellJ

w on to pu a sgin a play, so Congreve wasn't inventing a ew t6niq\ whe_n -: · e song Millamant decided to put he signal at theend of the discssion in a very viic tive manner which is obvious n the last

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stana o the son elling Ms Marwood tt Look! I a the victoous oneno mater how hrd you t!" he son Ist oy to tel Ms. Marood hatMillamant ill be the victoious one, bt also it 's assurig us as audience hat

she wil in at the end Congreve behind Millant ws: o end the coont fl-a l}rTway1e�- a song�

-

_ ,

Obviou�ly the third act stared with male encounters a_ conspaciesand Congeve ended these encounters lyrically by a song; pontng out thatwhen males meet gther tey are nothing more than enemies

Resoraion Pumpkin I Squr :

Willl comes under a special category, which is refered to in theRestoration as the Pumpkn or the squire He is a county squire The tworepresentations of Si illl are Country squire and Pumpkn.

People in the Restoration suppoted the monarchy and the upper clasesAlso, they vaued the uban ophistications However they criticied peopl ofhose classes and it was touh chacters like Sir il that writers n theRestoration criticized the upper classes.

So Sir Willl has a nction in the play and again Congreve delays hisaival to the stage because he wants us to hear aout the character and then seethis character in action Of course, we heard about him in the rst act throghthe disussion of Mr Fanall and Mr Miabell

radoxically hile writers were celebratng the upper clases the were- also criticizing them by usng a character who is a pumpkn country squire

nd then conastng the two sets of values and he dierent ways of dressngSir Willl says that he omes to London in order to acquaint himself ith the

_ lingoes (language) that the upper classes in London use At the same time he·was satired r no being able to understand the habits language and thevalues of the city

Clearly Congree wants us to trace the reai of Sir illl who mightappear as a ol but in reality he is good because he agred to may Millamantin order to nd a solution r the situation

Thus Sir Sir illl elongs to the sam lass of our hero Mirabell andour heroie Mil lamant So alough he is a county sque he has money; its

just tht he lives n the couny whe Mirabell and illamant lies n the city WITWOUD: y bot Si Wiu! of Sa/op, you may be as t asShesbu-(ke iu plese. But I tell you tis not modsh to kno eationsin to you think you 'e in the couny whee g�at lubbely bothers sabbe

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a ss one another when they meet, like a al of serjents- 'is . ·not the

faio1 e; tis not inde:ea bothe· · �-

S;Witoud is eg'o the country whe his half broher cam omwhich i "Salop. Acu�ly, -alop or Sewsb are to nam sed to fr

- · . f - same -place m;-the�·WtrEigf . -tf;whongreve says"Shsury-cakes, he\ws that they are short bread cakes tat is · audiencekno aut

B asically Witwoud is tryg to tell his hal brother that we are no in th city, so you · have to frget your cotryside maners because they aren'tshonable So n London there are ules and regulatons that one has tofllow eyen when he meets . is own brother, he caot kss im because t'snot shonable n London to do so.

More than once, Wtoud repeats to hs hal brother te pase: t's not

shonable here; to emphasze the contrast between · the c and thecountrysdeSIR WILFULL: The fashion 's a fool and you 'e a fop, dea bothe

S 'heat, I 've suspected this by ' Lady, I conjectued you wee a/op, since youbegan to change the sle of you lettes, and wite on a scap of pape giltound the edges, no bigge than a

subpoena. I igh pect this when you le o "Honouedbothe, n "hoping you a� in good heat

,,anq so oth to

begin ith a "Rat me !ight, 'm so sick ofa lst nihtsdech- ods heat, and then t milia tale of a cock

and a bull, and a hoe and a botle and s conclue- Youcouldwite news befoe you wee out of you time, when youlivedwith honest Pimple Nose the attoney of Fuival 's Innyoucould entret t be ememeed then to you iends oundthe Wekin. We could have gazetes then and Daw 's Lette,nd the Wekly Bill, till of late dsAtlly the phrase hat summarzes the whole stuaton s: "The shons

a fol; ad youre a fp dear brother; Sr Wlll s sayng that to preventbrothers om meetng on such good tens a gng and kissng s somethngfolsh beause ths shon s aganst natre

Hre we havea

coecton between what t means to be a man andrt g. So, s wrt g a ma ly

th g? Is wti g n certan tmes consderedmasc

lne?

And you eglect s sle

ort g does t meanyou tu nto a

fp

�es t mae ou ls'

ma l to abandon the tradtonalwy

o masculert g?

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Ths remdss of Mllants sayng tha she s sufcated wth leersand because people ddn't know how to wrte et�rs, she used them to p erhar Congreve wants o say that he sn lke the wters f hs generaton, who

wres accoring to te way o the world e aher wrs i a masculne-rossiam- essas o the audence . · -·

On he er sde of he specrum we are old ha ps e masculne alsoSo as f we are alkng abou gender nsde gender In other words, the malegender rther gedered and dvded And here we have a hin a eve menhave deren styles and deret characters; men n our socety are re thanone man. In oher words men have more than one caegory

Congr v wants osaythat n he R storation, we have more g nd r wthn

nd r.

Forxampl , fps are consdered m n bu also hose wrers who

saed wh he oldsl are also men and more masculne Thus Con v

moves om one stand of masculini ino anoher. n he other sde of hespecum we know ha Sir Wlll s supporn another syle of wrtngwhch s he aoey; he s supportng the lawyer stle whch s so ofcal andup to te pon From ha he says here we detec at he prers the rmaland ofcal sle of wrtng For example, he says "Dear sr

The Conspi acyContinues:

What Mrs Marwood knows up tll now s that Mrs: Fanll had an aarwth Mr. Mrabell and she ells Mr Fanall abou hs w past afr. Mrabellcannot stand her and hates her so much; the hng whch makes her much moreoended Watwell, he servan of Mrabell wll mpersonae and play he role

of Sr Rowland.MS R WOOD You married her to keep you; and iyou can contrive

to have her eep you bette than you expecte why should you not keep herlonger tha yo intended

·

Beng an ecellent ploer Mrs. Marood s tryng o drect hs atenton tomore moey and more gains because now he ralzed that hs marrage wasabout to collapse aer he knew that hs w cheaed on hm and that shemaed hm only o cover her an unwanted pregnancy

FAJNALL: The means, the mean.He s askng he abou he way o do alhough he was ognally

presened t us as a very good ploter and schemr.The ml se s presend as te one who s plotng all the tme!Undenably th gery of the gamblng ta ·ces to mnd agan s f heyare gamlng ·

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M. ARWOOD: Discover to my ady your e 's conduct; threten to part You we 's cd1ct that Mrs. Faina h 4

qn

fair w-ih ral withher/ ady oves" h, and wi come to

�

y

compositi9 to ave he

reputation Take the tuni ofreakin i

yt upon th cvery of thismpostur: ·J ldy f1�e nrag})o�

/ b-u

Js: (T

c niece, and . ,

.

\ '

fortune, and a, at t:d(�njctur . And et me aone to keep her w1 sheshoudjag in herpr,

w

notfail to prompt her

The Plot:

1 . Teing Ldy Wsh h hr dughter hd n i wh Mirbe 2. Spicing he i nd syng perhps th the fr een Mrs

Finl nd Me lsted even er her mige to Mr. Finl, nd this bg scnd ·

3 . hreening Ldy Wshfor ht he w divorce her dugher nd

vorce ws very scndlous th ge 4 If people herd tht Mr Fin divorced his w hey woud know h

she mde cuckod of hm5 So everyone wil know h here is n ssue with the repuion of Mrs

Fin6. Thus Ldy Wshr w scrice evethng nd everyone o sve he

dghe' s puon ' :

Cerly one word ike eve her" w gve you ot of me�in hsocey; he is cuckod She cheted on hm Divorce ws snd n theRestortion peri; it wsn be hen · divorce hppens socie

ccuses he womn The ccuston s ys directed owrds womenFLL Faith this has an appearanceMR RWOOD. Im sor I hinte to my ady to endeavour a match

beteen Mamant and Sir Wiul! that may be an obstace Mrwood is elng him ht she hd done somehing erlier th she

hough woud cite things r them b now i s ou o be n oscler hem. Howeve Mr Finl nds soon r hs:

FANALL Oh for that matter, eave me to manage him: I'l disabe himfor that; he wil rink ike a Dq aer dinner, I' set his hand in

The pn s h r F!n w ge him druk nd he wl mnge the

sittion om here Lke tem pyers ey re pnning r he ur she �a Jh this persn w be n obstce, he ssurs her h he w e rd ofthe oscle by ming ths mn dn.

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Th Ugl st Imag of Marrag .

·M. R wooD: Wel h�w o you stan aected towards yur lady? A comparatively long answer omainall is given ·

ith Ithikin_oit_LeUeeeJaalrea so that s over:- y we has ped the jade with m welthat s oer too: / never loved hr or ! ha why that ·wuld have been over too by this timjealous of he ! canotbe r I am certain; so theres an end ofjealousy wea ohe I am and shall be no there 's no end of that- no no thatwere too much to hope. Thus far concerning my repose; now formy reputation As to my wn I married not for it so that 's out ofthe question; and as to my part in my we s why she hadparted with her s before; so bringing none to me she can take

none om me tis against all rule of play that I should loseto one who has not whewithl to stakeM Fainall is using his easning power to cheer himself up, and to

explain th�t it was an unhappy marriage The most important thing is that he isusing his reason, but also he is presenting to us the ugliest image of maiageThe most impotant pont is when he says "T's against all rles of play, itsvery powerl because i t speaks of ma-age as if i t was only a game . Marriage

is a game M. Fanall

Obviously, he doesn't want to eason why he maried because he says "Iam maried aleady; that's ove!; he means "I have discussed with you the

easons of my marriage to her and dont want to go over them once more! · The Two Facades oR putation:

As a male none will attack him and say You have lost your reputation ·If anyone comes to accuse him that he has lost his eputation because of his wis cheting, he would simply say: "This aai happened r away in the past bere I maied her

Congreve is presenting a nny image to citicize the manners of the people n his tie and motivate them to rectify their behavior Moreover, he is puttng so many masks in the sitations asking us o unmask nd see deeplybehnd th mask in ord to ndetand what's happening i that sciey

lvS WOOD Besides yCufoget marriage is honouraeFA/N Hum, faith, and that well thought n; marrie is hoourble

as you say; and so wherefore ould cuckoldom b :a disdi bengeriedm so honouable a root?

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M S MRWOO D: Nay, I know not; ithe oot be honourabfwhy not the· branches?

·I ALL

:

So, so why this point 's clear- ell, how do we poeed?

They a re saying that if the root(marriage) is considred· orale, the. -why( ;f peo c�d1 th�e -cies(y

fo

th .o

nr

abl a lO Althoug h marriage i porayed as something ba ed on g ame and money,society considers it honorable. While this society doesn't hoor betrayalalthough its done fr love's sake!

MRS. RWOODI will contrivea letter which shal be delivered to mylady at the time when that rascal who is to act Sir Rowland iswith her It shal come as om an unnown handfor the less Iappea to now of the truth the better I can play the

incendia Besides I would not have Foible provoked I couldhe it because you now sh nows some passages n, I expectall wil come out- but let the mine be sprung rst andthen Icare not I am discovereShe will wrte a ke letter fr �ady Wishf tellng her the real identity o

Sir Roweland that he is a servant.ACTJV / SCEN I

Riaion ·& Prerations fr the Ex ct d·Sur:

L WISHFRT s Sir �1lnd coming ay;tthou Foible? and are

things in order?

FOIBLE Yes madam;_! have put w lights in the sconces, and placedthe footmen in a row in te hall in their bes liveries, withthe coahman and postillion to ll up the equageShe has prepared everything ,put everything i order, the ootmen are in

the corridors in their best unirm, the cadles are in ther scoces, ad the ma ·in charge o the cariage is ready to take the equipments o the expected guesto course all these arrangemets are done to receive the geat suitor Sir Rowland.

LADY WISH Have you pulvilled the coachman and postilio tha they may not sink of the stable when Sir Rowland comes by?

BE: Yes madam LDY SH And are the dacers and the music rdy tha he may beenriein all points ith corepondence to his passion? . · . .

·.

Se cares so much fr appearaces; l� i she wants o istac his atetionwith the perfmance o the dancers ad fce him to fll n)ve with �

-er

o A :\

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FIBLE· A s radymad

LADY WISHFORT And- wel and how do I look Foble? FOIBLE Most kllin we, maa

LADY WISHFORT ;: . · ··:waceive him? in what.gur-s lI

give hi heart hers impression? here is a ea deal i thers impression Shal I si?- no I won sit I walkay · Ill walk om he door upon his enrance and hn urnll upnhi no that will be oo sudden I ll lie ay I llie down- Ill receive him in my litle dressing-room, here 'sa couch- yes es I ll give hers impression on a couch I won t lie neither but loll and lean upon one elbow with onefoot a little dangling o jogging in a thoughul wyeand

hen as soon as he appears sat star and besurprise and rise o meet him in a pret disorder- yes 0, nohing is more a1uring than a levee om a couc in someconfusion: i shows he foot to advanage andrnishes with· blushes and recomposing airs beyond compariso. Hark! here 's a coach

1 . Lady Wishfor is staging how she is ·going to receive him she is tryingto stage a seduction� and she is trying to imagine how this gentleman willrespond to every move at she will make in her closet room. Congreve takesus to the issue of theaticality; she is stage perrming Lady Wish decidedto receive him while she is ling on a coach because it was so alluring to

receiv the expected suitor as if she hs just awaked om slee Congreve useshe ord ley"; it means receiving visitors just a if you are awake right ombed Actally this word is taen om the French language and it was derivedm a French riual in which the co gther eve moing r the ceremonial rising of the king I's so impoant to notice that even in this tinyactivi, we have the inuence of the French culture, and we have seen theexample of levy" which is taken om the French tradition of the French courThere is a self-conscious manipulation of identity which means that she knowsherself to be a lady o 55, and she is determined to change something in heridentiy ith the way she behaves, with the ways she uters hrases, with theway she speaks, and also with the atmshere o r ouse(prepring the

dancrs, perfuming the servants, and the cane} _' The sef consciousmanipulation of ideniy is called by critics self-seculrizaton, which resultsin the loss of authenticiy and this is wht Coree is icizing She isperrming in her clost and this at deman$ thtshe is ting her body into an item of scrutiny and speculaion

. · . ·

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FOIBLE Tis he, madam. ·LADY WISHFO RT: 0 dear!- Has my nephew mde his addresss to

Miamant I ordered him

FO IBLE: Sir Wiul! is set in to rinking, madam, in the parour.-LAiW T ody l I'l{ sen h- t- h

er-C

iT

dow

n

Foible; bring her hither. I'l send him as I go- whe they are together, then come to me, Foible that I may not be too ong alone with Sir Rowland

She sn' only invitn S Rwland, bt also she s nvtg us to cmtinize her body, so ·he act of scutiny s nsrred to us a audence as if Congrevewants us to scrutniz this character who is so mch pretendng wth hermoves, lingoes nd gestres This proves he genus of Congreve as a writer becase while the adence are laghng he sends mess�ges about hs society.

So, he isn't only presenting this character, but also e s critczg this sel

conscos mapulaton o dent and sel-seclarzaton.The Proviso Scene:

ELL "Like Daphne se as ovey and as coy; Do you ock

yourse up om me, to make my search more curious? Or is thispret artceQontrived to

i

that here the chase must end, and my pusuits be we? For you can y no further

. °· I a teasg Maer Mrabell tells Mllamant: �Ho come that o re

stting here? Do yo mean to mae my search more nteresting? 9r is thssomethng you created to deceive me ad tell me that the prsit has eded . Thus yo wll no longerr away om me?"

MRS LAMANT Vani! no- I ' y _and be folowed to the astmoment Though I am upon the ve verge of maimony, I pect you shoudsocit me as much as iI were wavering at the ate of a monaste with onefoot over the thresho l be solicited to the ve1 ast ny and aerds

RABELL Wat, aer the ast?Clearly what Mllaat has jst sad is something nsal fr en at that

tme; he canot derstad how she demands that he begs, seeks ad solcitsher eve aer marriage! In other words he sees n reaso to solct her aermarrage since ater maage se wll be hs w livg n hs home

MRS LLANT: Oh I shoud think I was poor and had nothing to

bestow iI were reduced to an ingorios ease, and ed om the aeeabefaigues of soliciationMRBELL ut do not you now, that when favours are conferred upon

instant and tedious soicitation, that th diminish in their vaue, and that boththe giver oses the ace, and the receiver essens his peasure?

_

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S LLANT It may be in things of como plicatQ; t neversue in love. Oh,1 ate a lover thatan dare to thi� e draws a ments ar,ndependent of the boun o his mistress There s no_mpud hng n

natue, as the saucy look of an assured man condent o suess eedantic · c ·la ve sba a·-ni' so prgtTc;· Ah/1l n v r - · mar unless I m rst made sure of my will nd pleasure , ; :·

Conditon (): My wllower) and pleasure should be balanceimpuden' an saucy" es to the rudeness of mn when they stop to

soicit women. Moeove she says_ that thee is nothing ugie than a man whois assured that he got the heat of his beoved o his wi Obvously she issaying that the maiage isn t an end ahe its a new begining, a ew li, anew vocabuaies, and a new way of dealig with tings

CondtonJ) I wi not mar unless I make sure of my will and my

pleasureBELL Would you have em both before marrge? or will you becontented wth the rst now and stay for the other t aer ace?

Again, he is teasing he ad makigf of what she saysMR MILLANT: Ah don t be mpertnent My dear lbert shll I

leave thee? m ftul solitude my darlng contemplaton ust I bd you thenadieu? Ay-h adeu my mornng, thoughts aeeale wakngs indolentslumbers all ye douceurs, ye sommels du matn, adeu? ] a 'tcn 't do t, tsmoe than impossibepostvel, Mrabe, Ill lie abed n a mornn as long asplease ·

Miamant is contempatig ad musing ove how he wil lose e cret please and he uent li ie she is conemplaig how he Cet peases

wil e nothing but past peasues ae maiageShe is intducng what she wnts becase whe she says the Fench

wods: douces" ad sommes du matin" she meas the same wods thatshe has aeady said in Egish moig spleen" and mbe" Basicay, shemeans that ae mariage she wil ose the pease ad the sweetness ofsme ad moing speen, ese wo piiages tha she enjoys as a singeady

Condon(2) Iwll le in bed s long as I plaseRABELL Then I ll get up i a mornng as early as I pleaseAcualy, ·his answe is encoaging and he cunteacts he with anothe

condition of his on; that he wil wake up as ealy as he leaser .MS. LAMANT Ah! dle creaure ge up whn o l nd de

hea, I won t be clle nqmes aer 'm arred pstelyI w? �egedname

:

·

\ .

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Names: like wif, spouse, my dear, joy, jewel, love, sweethea, etc.Millamant doesn't want to be called names like these becuse they are

signs of hypocrisy. Congreve's technique is ver clever because · ater he

inodces someting new, e arms it once again trog anoter caracter- :M: ·NmeS! - . · - · - :_ Obviosy, Mirabe is as surised as te adience ae, and ti sows tat

Congeve doesn't want te idea to pas by nnoticed.M. LLAMNT: Ay as ie spouse my dear; joy jewel, love

sweetheart, and the rest of that nauseous cant n whch mn andther wves are so fulsomely famlar I ha never bear thatgoodMrabel/ don t let u be famlar or fon nor kss beforefol lke my Lady Fad/er and Sr Francs nor go to Hyde-parktogether the rst Sund n a neW charot to provo es and

whspers and then never to be seen there together agan as we er proud of one another the rst week and ashamed of oneanothe ever aer Let us never vst together nor go to a

pl together; but let us be ve strange and welbred let usbe as strange as we had been marred a geat whle and as ·webred a we were not marred at aAcay; te most ipoant and te most interesting statement in te

proviso scene is: "as if we were pod o one anoer te rst eek/andasamed o one anoter ever aer Congreve ow tat it's te cto rmaTied peope to cal one anoter sweet naes in pbic atog tey cannotstand one anoter, bt tey ave to becase ·tey are reqired to be coited

to te socia hypocrisy.condtion(3): "I won 't be called names becase they are nauseas cant! RBELL Have you an more condtons to oer? Htheto your

demands are pret resonable LLANT Tres! As lber to pay and receve vsts to and

om whom I please to wrte and receve letters, wthout nterrogatores orw faces on your part to wear what I plese; and choose conversaton wthregard only to my own taste; to have no obgaton upon me to converse wthwts that I don t ke, because they are your acquantance: or to be ntimatewt fools beause they m be your relatons Come to dinner wen I please;

dne n my dessngroom when Im out of humour wthout gng a reason Tohave my closet nvolate; to be sole empress ofmy teatable which you mustnever presume to approach whout rst askng leave And lastly wherever Iam, you shal always nock at the door before you come n. These artcles

41ALANVAR.C S TA R L 1 5 H M N


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subscribe oue to edre you a litle longe f:m, ees idle into a we "


43/75

treat to te social rder a treat to te ouse, and a treat to marriage. Tistakes us to a very imorant point wic is the fct that women and te housetey live i ae te legal opery of te husbad

MR LLANT: Detestable imprimzs ! I go to the play in a mask!

-

XR

EL

:7t m

,

.

T

rti

fy

u

ine

too

w

Jac

log as I shal: and whle it passes current with me that you endeavour not to new-coin it. To which en together with a vizards for the d, I prohibit al mas/or the night, made of oiled-skins and I now not what hogs ' bones,hares ' gall pig-wte, and the marro ofa roasted cat. In short orbid alcommerce with the gentlewoman n what de call it court. Item, shut mydoors against all bawds with baskets and penyworths of musn china, fans at lasses etc Ite, when you shal be breeding-

He is awae tat we se gets olde e ce will wikle

ad she will o

longer look young, but he doesn't want her to use masks and cosmetics to hide e age because tis emids -him of Lady Wisfot!We he speaks about beedig i e pegacy se says:MLLANT: Ah! name it not.

Thee ae two explaatios Millamat's eactio; mode explaatioMillamat is so sy because se tinks tat e is eng o odyelatiosip that tey will ave afte maige,_ ad e coyess is pat of esocial ole as a male. Ad tee is the Restoatio explatio ad ti ismoe imporat because it expesses the womes a of cildbith ad epoblems of pegacy Obviously we ·knew about tis toug te diaieswitte by wome at tat time

Iteestigly this is ot te oly time i wich the issue of giving t adeedig Is empasized i tis play its used almost by ll caactes i theplay Fo example we kow tat Lady Wist said oce tat se doestwat to e like the wi wo is always eedng Howeve, beeding ismetioed ee i a egative ay because Lady Wisfo is e1ig to awoma om a lowe class ad who as o socil stadads watsoeve isociety, thus e oly job is to eed all te tme.

Meove M Faiall es to tis whe e said tat e was a cuckold iembo ad embyo" es to a ew li ad to someting tats yet to bebo Nomally embo" is linked to somethig ve positive But e is usi

it i a vey egative way ecause e uses embyo" to e to himself as bega ol cheated o by i� wi

Tus Cogeve wats us to see tat beedig" could be used eativelybecause e is makig te two egative caactes use it i a egative way ·caactes wo beed lies Clealy eedig lies" is te essece of is

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comedy because eryone is g aout sQing;(�_ chaatr s atngee1 oter caacter So e erence is •bsa o es and ate :,

On te oter side of the spectum, hen Mibell is isssg it

Millamant teir tue plans i he oso se d he lks abou - i'\ he.


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M. LLN: 0 horrid provisos lthy strongwates I toastfelows odiou men/ lhate your odious provisos

f we read Millaman's reacion r he rs ime we migh thi ha is

is the end an hey o' be marrie. However, her reacion shows ha here is - ·-sp C in

ag "

ben -tem:a ths i lerway of sg_: ' !ppro

ve fall your coniions!" because his answer shows tha he unersans his sececode of heir special language .

· MRBELL Then we are . agreed shal l kiss yor hand upon thecontract? And hee comes one to be a witness to the sealing of the dee

Again he unersands ha she means o say ha she approves of hisprovisos and ha' s why he ells her ha hey will have winesses o wiess rhe sealing of he marriage conrac

Congeve gave Millaman tree or ur dramaic momens o be he

empress of her space by ellig us wha she emans. Surely, he wans us orealize how limie conned, an resricing his space isFinally he gives he las word o Mirabell so ha we now ha men have

he nal word an he does this NOT by exering power How oes hishappen? We see ha Mirabell is basically counerpoining everyhing she says and he oes ha hrough using:

Reason ILogic Ihe rules of realiy an ocie Innovaivel, Congreve enarges he male space verHer home I ea ableSurely is a crei o Congreve tha he has allowed his male characer o

have some dramaic momens in ore o epress herself an her coniionsan his proves wo hings

L Congreve was progressive r h ime he live in2 Congreve inrouced new and inovaive ides r he Resoraion Age

an is an innovaion in iself o edicae hree acs o indoor aciviies3 . He is kind of giving some power o women in ha imeUneniably he h ac is abou wooing and is scenes are called scenes

of couing Basically we know ha Sir Willl will woe an cour MillamanMoreover Mirabell ried o woo an seal a conrac wih Millaman

The Wooi g Scene:

LADY WISH· Dear Sir Rwln I am confounded with confusion at theetospecton of my own rudeess !- 1 have more padons to askthan he pope distributes in the year ofjubilee But I hopewhere there is likely to be so near an aliance, we may unbend

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the sei ofdecums, nd dispense with a lile ceeny , ' i\

Obousy she s apologzing r Sir oand · her . e beviorbecause she ha o leave im alone r seime o se has•wrng with he

dn Sir Will Funlyenough she says: �'hr here is ·liL be o near ce;rayi1C'._ - : - � · - . :·, '�;fi- .. � - · AITWLL 'My mpatience, madam, is the eect of my anspot and i/l . · ·I hae the possession f yu adoable peson, I am tantalisd on the ack; and do but hang, madam, on the tente ofexpectation.LADY ISHYou hae an excess of gaan Si Rowland, and pessthings to a conclusion with a most peailing vehemence. But a ·

day o JVo decency of maiageLady Wishfor is rying o ease him wih her beauy; seriouslyemphizing ha he wans o possess her dorable person!

AITWELLFo decency offuneal, madam! The del will beak my heato,that shouldfail, I sha be poisone My nephw will getan inkling of my designs, and poison e- andIwuld wlinglystae him befoe I die- I would gladly o ou of thel ·whthat satisfacion. That would be some comfot to me, I couldbut lie so long s to be eenged on that unnatua e!

Basiclly, he wans o ake revenge on his nephew!LADY WISH Is he so unnaural, s you? Tuly I would conibtemuch both to the sang of you le, and the accomplishment ofyou eenge. Not that I espect myse though he has been apedious wetch to meAITPedious to youObiousy hey are alking abou Mirabell and Lady Wishfo acs vey

clevery when she inserts he idea ha Mirabell hd done her wrong!Clearly Lady Wishr wans o ake a double revenge The s revenge is

by marryng Sr Rowland The second revenge is by ellin Sir Rolnd whahis nephew has done o he so ha he akes revege on Mir?ell bcause nowSir Rowland is her man! Surely Sir Rowland ha o ak revenge becaus hehas o sae ·he honr of his belo�d Lady Wihrt! , . .

· ' ' · , : · · ·

LADY ISH: 0 Si Rowl_d, the ho� that he hq di c a� y"feet, the tea tha he ha e the os that he has sw r ,

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the pato tat he has felt, the tances and th

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The Way of The World Summary