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World War IThe War To End All Wars:
Europe Picks Sides
1871: Prussia unites Germany into one state Took some land from France
Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
Triple Entente: France, Britain, and Russia
Militarism: build-up to intimidate/threaten
1900: Germany is Europe’s strongest nation
“Till the world comes to an end, the ultimate decision will rest with the sword”
European Colonies in East Asia
Europe Colonizes Africa
Europe Breaks Down: Summer of 1914
Nationalism vs. Imperialism Serbians rise against Ottoman Empire for
independence, Russia helps Austrians don’t want their Slavs getting
ideas from Serbians, block Serbian action June 28, 1914: Bosnian terrorist group, The
Black Hand, assassinates Archduke Franz Ferdinand (future Austrian king)
Serbia rejects Austria-Hungary’s peace offer, due to ridiculous terms/demands
With Germany’s “full support” Austria-Hungary attacks Serbia on July 28
Conflict Grows
Russia had prepared for war with Austria-Hungary and Germany, so it mobilizes for war with both, Germany declares war
Germany’s Schlieffen Plan calls for war with Russia, and France—first hold Russians, then invade France, with control of France, then get Russia—August 3
Aug 4: Britain declares war on Germany bringing all the great European pwrs to war
The Great War
Italy turns back on Germany, joins with France, Britain, and Russia; forms Allied Pwrs
Germany & Aust.-Hun. join with Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria; form Central Powers
Fighting in France (Western Front) does not move, trench warfare
The United States remains neutral Debate about war preparations begin
America picks sides
Most Americans favor British side of war British use propaganda to build favor
U.S. companies/banks support Allies British blockade Germany ports
German U-boats sink merchant ships bound for Britain, including American ships
May 7, 1915: Germany sinks the Lusitania Over 1,000 deaths, 128 Americans dead Germany promises to stop torpedoing
ships
America at War
January 1917: German Arthur Zimmermann sends telegram to Mexico, promising all lost territory if it attacked U.S.A. British intercept the telegram, tell
Americans February 1917: German U-boats start
sinking ships again (including 6 American ships)
April 1917: Wilson asks Congress to declare war on Germany