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2
Last week
• Euro-American claims of sovereignty based on right of discovery, right of conquest, and treaties
• American policy of civilizing the Indians• Ideal of the Agrarian Republic
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Shifting boundaries
Before and after the Treaties of Greenville (1795) and Fort Wayne (1809)
PBS.org: We Shall Remain
TECUMSEH, a Shawnee
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Tecumseh and Harrison, c. 1810
Exaggerated late 19th century engraving of Harrison’s meeting with Tecumseh. New York Public Library.
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Tenskwatawa (Shawnee Prophet & brother of Tecumseh)
Portrait by Henry Inman after Charles Bird King, c. 1830-1833, National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian
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“The only way to stop this evil [white settlement of the Indians’ land] is for all the red men to unite in claiming a common and equal right in the land as it was at first, and should be now – for it never was divided, but belongs to all…Sell a country! Why not sell the air, the clouds and the great sea, as well as the earth? Did not the Great Spirit make them all for the use of his children?”
--Tecumseh (1810)
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Consequences of the War
• U.S. agreed to leave Canada to the British• British agreed to stop supporting Indians
within the U.S.
American geographic expansionCession of Indian lands
11Maps ETC, Florida Center for Instructional Technology
Upper Creeks: Embraced Tecumseh’sIdea of resistence
Lower Creeks:Embraced ‘civilization’program
12http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/national_parks/horseshoe_bend_cessions.jpg
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After the War of 1812 and the Creek War of 1813
• Native Americans could not rely on foreign support
• America expanded west of the Mississippi• Adherence to ‘Civilization’ program did not
end conflict
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midterm exam- 7 November
• Definitions: briefly define 2 out of 3 terms (4 pts)
• Identification: identify the author of the passage and briefly explain its context (2 pts) Commentary: read a document and analyze it (14 pts)
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Your commentary should include:
• A first paragraph that situates the document in its historical context and introduces your analysis;
• At least two paragraphs in which you analyze the document, i.e. identify the main points, explain any important terms or concepts, analyze the author (or speaker’s) assumptions, goals, strategies, etc.
• A conclusion that explains the significance of this document for our understanding of Native American history.